Encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with relationships between humans and their biological nature, including ethnobotany, ethnomycology, ethnozymology, ethnozoology, ethnoecology, traditional environmental/ecological knowledge, ethnometereology, ethnoastronomy, ethnomedicine, ethnopharmacognosy, ethnoveterinary, ethnogastronomy, urban ethnobiology, linguistic ethnobiology, ethical and legal aspects of the biodiversity conservation and other related fields of study within anthropology and biology; as well as impact of economic activity on individuals in community and its social consequences. Scopus (Q2)
Participatory research and development of indigenous herbal formulations for community health in Northeast Thailand and the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR)
Abstract. Phon-ngam P. 2026. Participatory research and development of indigenous herbal formulations for community health in Northeast Thailand and the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR). Asian J Ethnobiol 9 (1): y090120. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjethnobiol/y090120. Traditional medicine remains a vital component of rural community health care in northeastern Thailand (Isan) and the Lao PDR. Rooted in indigenous knowledge shaped by local culture and ecological contexts, herbal medicine continues to function as a community-based health resource requiring systematic documentation and participatory development to ensure continuity and safe community use. This study aimed to (i) collect and analyze indigenous herbal medicine recipes used in community health care in Northeast Thailand and the Lao PDR; (ii) develop and refine herbal formulations through participatory processes involving traditional healers as co-researchers; and (iii) document community-based practices related to the application of harmonized herbal preparation guidance within routine health contexts. A participatory action research and Research and Development (R&D) design was employed, involving registered traditional healers, community leaders, and collaborating health professionals. Data were collected through interviews, participatory workshops, and field observations. Qualitative thematic analysis and methodological triangulation were applied to enhance analytical rigor and cultural validity. The study refined and documented 344 indigenous herbal formulations organized into 11 community-defined therapeutic categories reflecting locally recognized health concerns. A broader inventory of 566 medicinal plant species served as a reference resource informing formulation development. Participatory documentation and harmonized preparation guidance were collaboratively established to support clarity and consistency in community-level use.
Indigenous herbal medicine, Isan, participatory action research, participatory documentation, Thai-Lao border
Copyright (c) 2026 PATTHIRA PHON-NGAM https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Community health promotion for sustainable well-being using the wisdom of traditional medicine practitioners of Isan, Thailand
Abstract. Phon-Ngam P. 2025. Community health promotion for sustainable well-being using the wisdom of traditional medicine practitioners of Isan, Thailand. Asian J Ethnobiol 8: 324-331. This study employed a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach to investigate and promote community health and sustainable well-being through the ethnomedical knowledge and practices of Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMPs) in Isan, Thailand. The study aimed to: (i) explore the roles, knowledge, and practices of TMPs in enhancing community health and resilience, (ii) develop and implement a community health promotion model grounded in traditional medicine wisdom, and (iii) evaluate the effectiveness and sustainability of the implemented model. Participants included TMPs, community leaders, health officers, and local villagers. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, participatory brainstorming sessions, and observation of traditional health practices. Findings indicate that TMPs play a crucial role in preserving cultural heritage, providing accessible and contextually relevant healthcare, and strengthening community cohesion and resilience. However, challenges such as limited recognition by formal health systems, insufficient mechanisms for knowledge transfer to younger generations, and weak integration with contemporary medical practices were identified. The proposed health promotion model emphasizes systematic documentation of traditional knowledge, collaborative engagement between TMPs and public health officers, and capacity-building initiatives to ensure the sustainable application of ethnomedicine in community health. The integrated model enhanced intergenerational learning, cultural preservation, and community empowerment while aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 3, 4, 11, and 15). Integrating traditional medicine wisdom through participatory approaches strengthens cultural identity and contributes to ethnobiology, ethnomedicine, and community health promotion. The findings provide adaptable insights for similar cultural and ecological contexts worldwide, supporting sustainable well-being and complementing modern public health systems.
Ethnomedicine, local wisdom, sustainable well-being, traditional knowledge
Copyright (c) 2025 Asian Journal of Ethnobiology
Ruderal flora as ethnoecological capital for urban conservation policy in Kupang City, Indonesia
Abstract. Gaol ML, Dewi IAL, Mudita IW. 2025. Ruderal flora as ethnoecological capital for urban conservation policy in Kupang City, Indonesia. Asian J Ethnobiol 8: 390-401. Accelerating urbanization in tropical cities like Kupang, Indonesia, disrupts green spaces and reshapes spontaneous herbaceous plant communities, which are vital for urban biodiversity. To assess these impacts, field surveys compared flora across urban and peri-urban gradients, revealing 91 species with significantly higher richness and diversity in peri-urban areas. Invasive species dominated the urban core flora, indicating biotic homogenization, while sensitive flora were found mainly in the peri-urban. Crucially, this herbaceous vegetation holds immense socio-ecological value, with 94.51% of species having medicinal uses, and peri-urban corridors supporting multifunctional species that provide material and environmental services. Policy analysis, nevertheless, indicated that current urban planning overlooked these ruderal corridors and lacks specific diversity metrics. This study establishes that peri-urban ruderal flora constitutes a significant form of ethnoecological capital, highlighting its critical importance as a reservoir of both biodiversity and ethnobotanical knowledge. By linking ecological gradients with policy analysis, this study emphasizes the urgency of safeguarding spontaneous vegetation within rapidly transforming urban landscapes. The findings provide a scientific basis for re-evaluating urban conservation strategies to incorporate these socio-ecological values into resilience planning for tropical secondary cities.
Biotic homogenization, herbaceous species diversity, policy integration, ruderal corridors, urban-rural gradient
Copyright (c) 2026 Asian Journal of Ethnobiology
Short Communication: Ethnomycological survey of macrofungi among the Aeta Community of Mt. Arayat, Philippines
Abstract. Bustillos RG, Caymo ES, De Guzman KMD. 2026. Short Communication: Ethnomycological survey of macrofungi among the Aeta Community of Mt. Arayat, Philippines. Asian J Ethnobiol 9: y090102. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjethnobiol/y100102. This study aimed to collect and identify macrofungal species in Mt. Arayat, Pampanga, Philippines. This also sought to determine the indigenous beliefs, utilization, and practices of Aeta Communities in Sitio Cananaoan towards them. Purposive sampling was employed to select the respondents in the study area, while an adapted survey questionnaire was used to gather relevant data regarding their insights. Most of the 24 respondents were female, aged 17-30. Although they have a local name for mushrooms, kuwat, only 12 of them (50%) have indigenous knowledge of mushrooms. Nevertheless, they were aware that mushrooms are found in several substrates during the rainy season. Aetas mostly eat mushrooms, and they identify the edible ones based on their appearance, smell, texture, and substrate. They consume them without any spices, as it may lead to negative effects. Before they collect mushrooms, they say bari-bari po or excuse me to honor spirits they believed residing in the place. Of the 14 documented mushroom species in this study, six of them (42.86%) were used as medicine, while six were also used as food (42.86%). As the ethnomycology slowly erodes due to modernization and environmental disturbances, this study contributes to preserving ethnomycology in the country.
Aeta Community, edible, ethnomycology, indigenous, mushrooms
Copyright (c) 2026 REYNANTE G. BUSTILLOS, EMERITA S. CAYMO, KYLA MARIE D. DE GUZMAN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Ethnobotany of gout remedies among the Madurese People in Pamekasan District, East Java, Indonesia
Abstract. Andriansyah, Fathir A, Antika LT. 2026. Ethnobotany of gout remedies among the Madurese People in Pamekasan District, East Java, Indonesia. Asian J Ethnobiol 9: y090101. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjethnobiol/y090101. Traditional herbal medicine represents an important component of Madurese Cultural Heritage and continues to be widely used for managing chronic conditions such as gout. However, ethnobotanical studies that specifically document gout-related herbal practices within the Madurese Cultural context remain limited. This study aimed to document medicinal plant species used for gout treatment among the Madurese Community in Pamekasan District, East Java, Indonesia, including plant parts, preparation methods, and the cultural rationale underlying their selection. Fieldwork was conducted from October to November 2024 using purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews with 30 informants across 17 villages. The study documented 27 medicinal plant species belonging to 13 families, incorporated into 30 traditional herbal formulations. The Zingiberaceae family was the most dominant, comprising 10 species, with Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale showing the highest cultural prominence (RFC = 0.70 and 0.57, respectively). Rhizomes were the most frequently utilized plant parts, while decoction was the primary preparation method (60%), reflecting both practical efficiency and cultural preference. The predominance of rhizome-based remedies is culturally linked to the Madurese perception of “warming” plants that restore bodily balance and alleviate joint discomfort associated with gout. Although therapeutic efficacy is interpreted empirically rather than biochemically, these practices align with the known anti-inflammatory and uric acid-related potential of rhizomatous plants reported in previous studies. This research addresses a key gap in Indonesian ethnobotanical literature by providing the first systematic documentation of gout-specific herbal practices among the Madurese Community, integrating quantitative ethnobotanical indices with cultural interpretation. The findings emphasize traditional medicine as a biocultural system that connects health practices, ecological availability, and cultural identity, while offering a foundation for future pharmacological validation, biodiversity conservation, and culturally responsive health strategies.
Ethnobotany, gout, Madurese Culture, traditional herbal medicine
Copyright (c) 2026 ANDRIANSYAH, AKHMAD FATHIR, LINDA TRI ANTIKA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Traditional medicinal knowledge and use of Ubar Kampung among local healers in Tatar Sunda, West Java, Indonesia
Abstract. Febriyanti RM, Susilawati Y, Tjitraresmi A, Muhaimin. 2025. Traditional medicinal knowledge and use of Ubar Kampung among local healers in Tatar Sunda, West Java, Indonesia. Asian J Ethnobiol 8: 202-221. In Sundanese communities (West Java, Indonesia), traditional medicine (Ubar Kampung) remains central to primary health care. This study aims to document medicinal plant use by local healers and quantify cultural salience-that is the significance of a plant in the cultural practices and beliefs of the Sundanese people. Studies were conducted between 2017 and 2019 using semi-structured interviews with 52 purposively selected key informants (healers, elders, traditional birth attendants) across five Sundanese villages. We recorded 111 species from 54 families. Leaves were the most frequently used part, and decoction was the predominant preparation. Curcuma longa and Kaempferia galanga had the highest RFC (1.00) and high UV (4.07 and 4.15). Digestive disorders showed the strongest agreement (ICF?=?0.88), with Psidium guajava cited unanimously for diarrhea (FL?=?100%). Musculoskeletal conditions also showed high consensus (ICF?=?0.87), particularly for K. galanga. Ubar Kampung represents a resilient medical system, with culturally salient species that align with reported pharmacological activities. Prioritized taxa (such as K. galanga, C. longa, and P. guajava) warrant targeted pharmacological and conservation action. Documenting this knowledge supports sustainable use and culturally appropriate integration with regional health services and paves the way for future research and discoveries on plant knowledge and use among healers in the Tatar Sunda Region, West Java, Indonesia.
Ethnobotany, informant consensus factor, relative frequency of citation, Sundanese traditional medicine, use value
Ethnobotanical memory of Cinchona among the Sundanese in the highland of West Java, Indonesia
Abstract. Wiranova A, Mulyanto D, Iskandar BS. 2025. Ethnobotanical memory of Cinchona among the Sundanese in the highland of West Java, Indonesia. Asian J Ethnobiol 8: 332-346. Following the decline of Cinchona as a commodity after the discovery of synthetic malaria drugs after the World War II, its plantations in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) experienced a drastic downturn. Some were converted into upland agricultural fields producing subtropical vegetables, causing cultural ties to the species to largely diminish. Therefore, this study examines the ethnobotanical memory of Cinchona among Sundanese communities in West Java, Indonesia, within a post-plantation landscape that has undergone significant land-use transformation into upland subtropical vegetable fields. Using oral history supported by archival research, interviews were conducted with 29 residents divided into two groups: those who experienced the operational period of the plantation and those without direct exposure to it. Ethnobotanical memory is conceptualized as the dynamic interaction of emotional, sensory, and bodily recollections of plants within a community. Three categories of memory narratives were identified. The first reflects emotional memory, in which Cinchona is associated with childhood experiences and nostalgia. The second highlights bodily memory, represented by recollections of plantation production processes, from seed selection and grafting to bark harvesting and drying. The third emphasizes sensory memory, expressed through the bitter taste of decoctions once consumed for medicinal purposes. These memories reveal the intertwined relationship between biological species and cultural practices, yet intergenerational transmission has been limited, particularly among younger residents who have never encountered the species in their daily lives. The decline of Cinchona populations following land-use change has accelerated this process of forgetting. Moreover, conservation efforts remain absent due to the loss of commercial value and the community’s reliance on faster-return crops such as vegetables. The findings underscore the vulnerability of ethnobotanical memory in post-plantation contexts and highlight the need to integrate cultural perspectives into biodiversity conservation strategies.
Cinchona, ethnobotanical memory, medicinal plant, plantation, West Java
Ritual plant diversity and traditional knowledge in the Aneuk Jamee Tribe, Aceh, Indonesia
Abstract. Saudah, Rubiah, Zumaidar, Fitriyana L. 2025. Ritual plant diversity and traditional knowledge in the Aneuk Jamee Tribe, Aceh, Indonesia. Asian J Ethnobiol 8: 347-366. Ritual plants are essential in maintaining biocultural identity among indigenous communities. However, traditional knowledge related to ritual plant use is under threat from modernization and remains poorly documented. This study aimed to systematically document the diversity of ritual plants, analyze their cultural significance, and assess their conservation relevance among the Aneuk Jamee Tribe in South Aceh, Indonesia. Ethnobotanical data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 100 key informants selected via purposive snowball sampling. Use Value (UV), Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), and Index of Cultural Significance (ICS) were calculated to quantify the importance of each species. A total of 78 plant taxa belonging to 42 families were identified, with Poaceae being the most represented family (10 taxa). Two additional names were recognized as synonyms and therefore not counted as separate taxa. Herbaceous plants dominated (43.2%), and most species (77.2%) were cultivated, mainly in home gardens. Oryza sativa var. glutinosa (UV=0.86; RFC=0.86; ICS=179.5), Piper betle (UV=1.47; RFC=0.51; ICS=179.5), and Cocos nucifera (UV=1.54; RFC=0.76; ICS=179.5) emerged as the top three species, functioning as cultural keystone plants. These plants are used in various rituals, including weddings, births, circumcisions, agricultural rites, and mystical ceremonies. Findings emphasize the deep cultural embeddedness of ritual plant use and the urgent need to safeguard this knowledge. Home gardens serve as reservoirs of culturally significant plants, and engaging younger generations is vital for transmission and conservation.
Aneuk Jamee Tribe, biocultural conservation, ritual plant diversity, South Aceh, traditional knowledge
Diversity of rice landraces and taxonomic strategies in Kanekes folk-biology as insights for biocultural conservation
Abstract. Mulyanto D, Iskandar BS, Aulia SAZ, Ruswanda AS, Sobarna C, Iskandar J. 2026. Diversity of rice landraces and taxonomic strategies in Kanekes folk-biology as insights for biocultural conservation. Asian J Ethnobiol 9 (1): y090114. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjethnobiol/y090114. The Kanekes of Western Java, Indonesia, one of the last indigenous communities practicing upland rice-based agroforestry, hold a rich folk-taxonomic system that reflects the connection between language and biological knowledge. Rapid infrastructure development has increased interactions with the outside world, putting pressure on cultural and linguistic resilience. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 43 local expert informants, aged 40-70 years. Data were then analyzed through folk taxonomic classification and linguistic analysis of the naming structures. The Kanekes people named 89 upland rice landraces using a binomial structure, with the second lexeme serving as a descriptor. About 46.06% of identified landraces used other plants’ names as descriptors, many of which also held cultural significance in the ethnobotany of the Kanekes. Other descriptors included terms related to the shape, quality, and color of the rice plant parts. This study shows that the widespread use of cross-species metaphors in upland rice nomenclature serves as an important cognitive process for intraspecific classification, connecting sensory perception, ecological familiarity, and cultural memory. These findings enhance ethnobiological models of folk taxonomy by illustrating how metaphorical descriptors integrate landraces within wider ecological and linguistic networks. This case further exemplifies that biocultural conservation relies on preserving crop diversity and maintaining the ecological and linguistic frameworks that facilitate knowledge transmission and varietal identification.
Baduy, bio-cultural diversity, folk-taxonomy, intraspecific classification, nomenclature
Copyright (c) 2026 DEDE MULYANTO, BUDIAWATI SUPANGKAT ISKANDAR, SHOFIA AZ ZAHRA AULIA, ASEP SANDI RUSWANDA, CECE SOBARNA, JOHAN ISKANDAR https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Community-based beekeeping practices of Apis cerana in the Ir. H. Djuanda Great Forest Park, West Java, Indonesia
Abstract. Wulandari I, Husodo T, Hasanah DN, Khairina F, Shanida SS. 2026. Community-based beekeeping practices of Apis cerana in the Ir. H. Djuanda Great Forest Park, West Java, Indonesia. Asian J Ethnobiol 9 (1): y090116. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjethnobiol/y090116. Asian honey bee (Apis cerana) beekeeping provides essential livelihood support for local communities in Indonesia. However, their population has declined due to land-use changes, pesticide exposure, and inadequate beekeeping practices, while knowledge of their biology and management remains limited. This study aims to document local knowledge and beekeeping practices in the Ir. H. Djuanda Great Forest Park (DGFP), West Java, Indonesia. The research was conducted in July 2025 using a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative interviews. Sampling consisted of a census of 35 beekeepers and five purposively selected key informants, selected for their experience and involvement in community-based beekeeping. Results highlight the continued dominance of traditional beehive systems (66%), reflecting long-established techniques and familiarity with materials. Albizia sp. is the most widely used beehive wood (69%), preferred for its lightweight, availability, and affordability. Beekeeping sites are strongly forest-oriented, with colonies commonly placed in shaded, resource-rich areas in Batu Garok (BG: 39%), Deer Enclosure (DE: 64%), and Maribaya (MB: 50%). Additional practices include constructing beehives with standardized dimensions, selecting sites based on floral availability, conducting routine maintenance, and mitigating pests and predators. The main beehive types used are traditional glodok and box hives, chosen for durability and ease of management. These findings underscore the important role of local knowledge in supporting the persistence of A. cerana and forest-compatible livelihoods. Strengthening technical capacity, especially in value-added products such as propolis and royal jelly, may enhance economic resilience and sustain community-based beekeeping in DGFP.
Apis cerana, colony management, pollinator, rural livelihood
Copyright (c) 2026 INDRI WULANDARI, TEGUH HUSODO, DEA NAVITA HASANAH, FADIAH KHAIRINA, SYA SYA SHANIDA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Quantitative documentation of ethnomedicinal plants used by Mising Tribe inhabiting the forest fringe villages of Nameri National Park, Assam, India
Abstract. Doley SN, Doley R, Barthakur M. 2026. Quantitative documentation of ethnomedicinal plants used by Mising Tribe inhabiting the forest fringe villages of Nameri National Park, Assam, India. Asian J Ethnobiol 9 (1): y090121. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjethnobiol/y090121. Assam is one of the states of the northeast region of India, renowned for its abundant natural resources and rich diversity of ethnic groups, including the Mising Tribe. The Mising Tribe of Assam, primarily residing in riparian and forest-fringe areas, maintains unique ethnomedical practices that are integral to both healthcare and biodiversity conservation. This study aimed to document the ethnomedicinal plants used by the Mising Tribe inhabiting the forest fringe of Nameri National Park (NNP), Assam, India. Ethnobotanical information was gathered from 58 informants (males 38 and females 20) of four fringe villages of NNP through semi-structured interviews during the period of March 2022 to March 2025. In the results, a total of 109 medicinal plant species belonging to 58 families were recorded. Among these, a total of 19 species is a new record of ethnomedicinal plants that have not been previously reported for the Mising Tribe. The dominant family was Rutaceae (7 species), followed by Asteraceae, Moraceae, and Solanaceae (4 species for each). Most of the plants were herbaceous (37%), and the majority of remedies were prepared from leaves (28%). High Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) values were observed for connective disorders (0.97), respiratory (0.89), and skin disease (0.86). These findings emphasize the importance of preserving ethnomedicinal knowledge of the Mising community inhabiting ecologically sensitive forest-fringe areas and highlighting crucial plant species for pharmacological validation and conservation.
Ethnomedicine, Mising, Nameri National Park, use value, informant consensus factor
Copyright (c) 2026 SATYA NATH DOLEY, RUBY DOLEY, MANOJ BARTHAKUR https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Ethnobotany of the Alas Tribe, Indonesia, a taxonomic family-based analysis of plant use and cultural significance
Abstract. Hartono A, Indriaty, Suwardi AB, Sari N, Nugroho W, Ladisa S, Rasuna A, Fauziani. 2026. Ethnobotany of the Alas Tribe, Indonesia, a taxonomic family-based analysis of plant use and cultural significance. Asian J Ethnobiol 9: y090108. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjethnobiol/y090108. This study investigates the ethnobotanical knowledge of the Alas Tribe in Southeast Aceh, Indonesia, focusing on patterns of plant use by taxonomic family and their cultural significance. Data were collected through interviews with 25 key informants and analyzed using quantitative indices including Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Cultural Significance Index (CSI), and Informant Consensus Factor (ICF). We documented 35 species belonging to 21 families, with Arecaceae, Zingiberaceae, and Crassulaceae being the most represented. Plant uses were classified into medicine (45.7%), food (22.9%), and ritual (31.4%) categories. Among the most culturally salient species were Curcuma longa (RFC 0.522), Areca catechu (RFC 0.377), and Kalanchoe pinnata (RFC 0.45; CSI 20; EICS 80). Ritual contexts such as aqiqah (ICF 0.981) and housewarming ceremonies (ICF 0.977) showed the highest informant consensus, reflecting deeply shared symbolic traditions. The predominance of medicinal and ritual uses highlights the integration of healing and spirituality in Alas daily life. The identification of A. catechu and K. pinnata as culturally important taxa suggests their role as keystone species within the Alas biocultural heritage. These findings contribute new insights into Southeast Asian ethnobotany by integrating family-level taxonomic perspectives with quantitative indices. Although limited by a small number of informants and restricted geographic scope, this study offers practical implications for conservation planning and ethnopharmacological research, particularly in identifying culturally keystone taxa for community-based biodiversity management.
Alas Tribe, Arecaceae, cultural conservation, medicinal plants, Zingiberaceae
Copyright (c) 2026 ADI HARTONO, INDRIATY, ADI BEJO SUWARDI, NONIKA SARI, WAHYU NUGROHO, STEVIA LADISA, ANITA RASUNA, FAUZIANI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Ethnobiological knowledge, quantitative assessment, and socio-cultural valorization of Juniperus turbinata among local communities across Morocco
Abstract. El Annaoui A, Ait Bella Y, Haddioui A, Ezzine A, Dani S, Abd-Dada H, Bouda S. 2026. Ethnobiological knowledge, quantitative assessment, and socio-cultural valorization of Juniperus turbinata among local communities across Morocco. Asian J Ethnobiol 9 (1): y090109. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjethnobiol/y090109. Red juniper (Juniperus turbinata) is an endemic Mediterranean species with longstanding medicinal, veterinary, cultural, and economic uses in Morocco, yet no comprehensive, species-focused, nationwide ethnobiological assessment has been conducted. This study documents and analyzes traditional knowledge and practices related to the species across its Moroccan distribution. A total of 518 informants, including 60 herbalists, were surveyed between 2023 and 2024 through semi-structured interviews. Several ethnobotanical indices were applied, including the Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Fidelity Level (FL), Cultural Importance Index (CI), and Use Value (UV), supported by a comparative literature review. Results show that red juniper is widely known and used for medicinal purposes. The medicinal RFC is 0.895, the UV is 4.34, and the medicinal CI reaches 3.86, confirming its major role in traditional pharmacopoeias. Aerial parts are predominantly used. Therapeutic applications mainly target respiratory, digestive, dermatological, and metabolic disorders, mostly through infusions and decoctions. Knowledge and Use Popularity Index (KUPI) analysis reveals high knowledge and perceived importance but only moderate actual use, particularly among younger and more educated informants. Chi-square tests show that sex, occupation, and education significantly influence perceived medicinal importance, while therapeutic preferences are strongly associated with age, education level, occupation, geographical area, and duration of residence. The veterinary dimension represents 35.5% of citations, with veterinary RFC=0.355 and veterinary CI=0.772, mainly for ruminants. Economically, professionalization indicates a market largely driven by experienced herbalists. Despite its nationwide scope, the study relies on self-reported knowledge, which may introduce recall or reporting biases and should be taken into account. Overall, the findings highlight the biocultural significance of J. turbinata and support the integration of local knowledge into community-based management, conservation planning, and sustainable valorization strategies.
Cultural importance index, ethnopharmacology, Juniperus turbinata, traditional knowledge, veterinary ethnomedicine
Copyright (c) 2026 AHMED EL ANNAOUI, YOUSSEF AIT BELLA, ABDELMAJID HADDIOUI, AZIZ EZZINE, SADIK DANI, HASSANE ABD-DADA, SAID BOUDA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Ethno-ornithology and local ecological knowledge of birds in the agroforestry landscapes of Kalibawang, Central Java, Indonesia
Abstract. Nursami F, Ardelia F, Nuraini FL, Aliyazzahra F, Sholiqin M, Iskandar J, Iskandar B, Md Naim D, Setyawan AD. 2025. Ethno-ornithology and local ecological knowledge of birds in the agroforestry landscapes of Kalibawang, Central Java, Indonesia. Asian J Ethnobiol 8: 367-389. Ethno-ornithological knowledge in rural Java provides important insight into how birds are perceived, classified, utilized, and conserved within agroforestry landscapes. This study documents the structure, transmission, and ecological relevance of Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) among 124 male respondents from four villages in Kalibawang, Central Java. Bird-related knowledge is transmitted predominantly through patrilineal and male-centered networks, reinforced by mentor–apprentice relationships within lomba kicau (songbird competition) culture. Respondents recognized 71 bird species organized into flexible folk categories based on vocalization, habitat association, perceived behavior, symbolic meaning, and management context. Songbirds (burung kicau) formed the most dominant and culturally salient category, reflecting the central role of acoustic perception in local cognition. Most recorded species (57.7%) were not directly utilized, indicating that bird exploitation is highly selective rather than pervasive. Active use was concentrated on cage birds and pet trade species, supported by specific capture techniques, particularly bird glue (getah/pulut) and netting. Cultural taboos and ethical norms contributed to a substantial proportion of non-captured species, especially forest-dependent and symbolically protected birds. LEK showed strong alignment with scientific knowledge regarding habitat use and conspicuous behavior, while partial mismatches in feeding guild perception were primarily driven by visibility and symbolic interpretation rather than ecological misunderstanding. Culturally salient species, including Copsychus saularis, Pycnonotus aurigaster, Zosterops spp., and Leptocoma spp., exhibited high Cultural Importance (CI) values and were closely associated with perceived ecological services such as insect control, pollination, and seed dispersal. Overall, LEK in Kalibawang constitutes a coherent socio-ecological system that integrates cultural values, ecological observation, and informal governance. Despite its gendered and cross-sectional scope, this knowledge system offers a culturally grounded foundation for community-based bird conservation in Javanese agroforestry landscapes.
Agroforestry conservation, cultural salience, ethno-ornithology, folk taxonomy, local ecological knowledge
Prioritization and feasibility analysis of non-timber forest products for green economy development in Papua Province, Indonesia
Abstract. Ap AT, Wahyudi, Hendri, Allo AG, Warsito AP. 2026. Prioritization and feasibility analysis of non-timber forest products for green economy development in Papua Province, Indonesia. Asian J Ethnobiol 9: y090103. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjethnobiol/y090103. The utilization of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) is one option for green economy development in Papua Province due to their sustainability on forest ecosystem, low emissions and livelihood suitability of local communities. This research is aimed to identify NTFPs inside forest, investigate the processes of making raw materials into semi-finished and finished products, and select priority commodities for green economy development using Benefit and Cost Analysis. Data were collected from field survey and focus group discussions at twelve locations involving 112 respondents. Results indicate that 61 NTFPs inside forest are identified with seven NTFPs are developed into semi-processed commodities, three processed commodities, and 48 finished commodities. Eight finished NTFPs are prioritized for green economic commodities, including sago products, cacao powder, coffee powder, eucalyptus oil, honey, ant nest tea, agarwood leaf tea, and eco prints. Feasibility analysis shows that high priority NTFP commodities include eco prints, ant nest tea and coffee powder with B/C Ratio of 3.94, 2.56, and 1.53, respectively, while sago products have medium priority with B/C Ratio of 1.18, and the rests have low priority due to B/C ratio <1.0. Average score based on green economy variables is 82% with the highest value (94%) for eco prints followed by sago products (90%), attaining ecological benefits, added values and challenges. Ant nest tea and coffee powder with average of 87% fulfil variables related to community direct involvement, extra incomes and works, and environmental values. The findings of this study recommend that the four NTFPs (i.e. eco prints, ant nest tea, coffee powder and sago products) could be nominated for green economy development in Papua Province.
Communities, feasible analysis, green economy, non-timber forest products, Papua Province
Copyright (c) 2026 ARIS TOTELES AP, WAHYUDI, HENDRI, ALBERT GIRIK ALLO, ARI PUTRA WARSITO https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A quantitative and network analysis of traditional ecological knowledge on seagrass ecosystems in the Philippines
Abstract. Amores AE, Aguilar SNA. 2026. A quantitative and network analysis of traditional ecological knowledge on seagrass ecosystems in the Philippines. Asian J Ethnobiol 9: y090104. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjethnobiol/y090104. Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) plays a crucial role in sustaining biodiversity, guiding resource stewardship, and supporting the long-term resilience of coastal communities. Within this knowledge system, seagrass ecosystems hold particular importance because they underpin fisheries, carbon storage, and shoreline stability. This study provides a novel quantitative framework for assessing TEK structure, offering insights for its documentation and conservation in rapidly modernizing coastal communities. Focusing on Barangay Lawigan in Davao Oriental, Philippines, the research examines how ecological awareness, traditional practices, and management actions interact to shape seagrass ethnobiology and local trusteeship. Structured surveys were administered to 344 residents and evaluated using a five-point Likert scale. Radar plot and network analysis were employed to map inter-indicator relationships, and demographic correlations were examined. The result revealed that ecological awareness has the highest mean score of 4.7, demonstrating a strong environmental understanding, reflecting a high level of awareness regarding ecological concerns of seagrass, however, moderate management/conservation practices, and lower traditional practices/uses. Ecological awareness was identified as the most central and well-integrated TEK component, whereas other indicators appeared more dispersed. Moreover, long-term residency exhibited only a weak correlation with short-term residency (r = 0.07), but showed a strong association with gender (r = 0.945) and a moderate correlation with income (r = 0.465). It also revealed a strong correlation between ecological awareness and management practices, but weaker ties with traditional uses, suggesting risks of cultural erosion. These findings reveal a core-periphery TEK structure in Lawigan, where high cognitive awareness is not fully translated into traditional practice. To strengthen TEK-based conservation, strategies should promote intergenerational learning programs, participatory policy-making, and gender-inclusive documentation with an adaptive co-management framework could enhance ecological resilience, offering a potential model for seagrass conservation throughout the broader Davao region.
Barangay Lawigan, network analysis, Philippines, seagrass diversity, traditional ecological knowledge
Copyright (c) 2026 ANTHONY E. AMORES, SOPHIA NADENN A. AGUILAR https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Ethnobotany and floristic diversity of aquatic flora as traditional uses and conservation concerns in West Sumatran lakes, Indonesia
Abstract. Syamsuardi, Christy P, Nurainas, Audina Z, Chairul, Ritonga MA. 2026. Ethnobotany and floristic diversity of aquatic flora as traditional uses and conservation concerns in West Sumatran lakes, Indonesia. Asian J Ethnobiol 9 (1): y090111. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjethnobiol/y090111. West Sumatra, Indonesia, hosts numerous lakes that support diverse aquatic resources central to local daily activities. Both natural origins and long-term anthropogenic influences shape the composition of aquatic flora. Increasing pollutant inputs, however, threaten the persistence of these plant species and the traditional knowledge associated with them. This study aims to examine the floristic diversity of lake hydrophytes and their ethnobotanical roles to support sustainable utilization. Ethnobotanical surveys were conducted in seven nagari representing seven lake systems across the districts of Agam, Tanah Datar, Solok, and South Solok. Data were collected from August to November 2024 using semi-structured interviews involving 393 randomly selected respondents. Information on traditional uses and knowledge of aquatic flora was recorded, while plant specimens were collected and identified at the ANDA Herbarium, Universitas Andalas. A total of 16 aquatic plant species from 12 families were recorded, with species richness varying among lakes. Polygonum barbatum occurred in all lakes, while Panicum auritum was present in most locations. The highest Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) values were recorded for Eichhornia crassipes (0.47). The highest Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) occurred in agriculture and handicrafts (1.00). The greatest Use Value (UV; 0.078) was observed for Enydra fluctuans and P. auritum. These findings demonstrate the close relationship between floral diversity and ethnobotanical knowledge in lake ecosystems and highlight the need to integrate local knowledge into conservation planning. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for developing sustainable lake conservation and management strategies that simultaneously protect aquatic plant diversity, maintain traditional knowledge, and mitigate increasing anthropogenic pressures on freshwater ecosystems.
Ethnobotany, floristic diversity, hydrophytes, lake, West Sumatra
Copyright (c) 2026 SYAMSUARDI, PANJI CHRISTY, NURAINAS, ZIKKRA AUDINA, CHAIRUL, MUHAMMAD AZLI RITONGA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Ethnobotanical valorization of mahogany bark (Swietenia macrophylla) as a plant-based natural dye for sustainable batik in Aceh, Indonesia
Abstract. Novita N, Dahlan D, Iqbar I, Bahi M. 2026. Ethnobotanical valorization of mahogany bark (Swietenia macrophylla) as a plant-based natural dye for sustainable batik in Aceh, Indonesia. Asian J Ethnobiol 9: y090112. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjethnobiol/y090112. Growing concern about synthetic dye pollution has renewed ethnobiological interest in plant-based colorants as expressions of traditional ecological knowledge and biocultural heritage. In Aceh, Indonesia, bark-derived dyes have long been associated with local textile practices, yet many remain poorly documented and underutilized in contemporary batik production. This study examines the ethnobiological relevance and dyeing performance of mahogany bark (Swietenia macrophylla), a culturally familiar tree species and abundant urban pruning residue, as a natural dye for cotton batik. Although this research does not include primary ethnographic fieldwork, it is informed by documented regional knowledge of bark-based dyes and current artisanal batik practices in Aceh. Mahogany bark collected from the Universitas Syiah Kuala (USK) Green Campus, Aceh, was air-dried, milled, and extracted using an energy-efficient aqueous method at 90°C (yield: 18.7±1.2%). Cotton fabrics were dyed under three mordanting conditions (no mordant, alum 10% owf, and iron 5% owf). CIELAB analysis showed consistent chromatic variation, ranging from light yellow-brown (unmordanted) to bright yellowish (alum) and deep brown-gray (iron). Fastness tests (ISO 105) indicated moderate to excellent wash, rub, and light fastness, with iron-mordanted samples performing best. Statistical analysis (ANOVA, p<0.05) confirmed significant treatment effects. By linking material performance with ethnobiological context, this study contributes to ethnobiology by demonstrating how traditional plant knowledge can be revitalized through circular, low-waste dyeing systems, supporting the biocultural sustainability of Acehnese batik.
Acehnese batik, CIELAB, mordant, sustainable textile, Swietenia macrophylla
Copyright (c) 2026 NOVITA NOVITA, DAHLAN DAHLAN, IQBAR IQBAR, MUHAMMAD BAHI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in traditional healthcare of Nairiyah Governorate, Saudi Arabia
Abstract. Salim IA, Ismail RA, Alrubyyi A, Mansour AA, Ageeb SA. 2026. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in traditional healthcare of Nairiyah Governorate, Saudi Arabia. Asian J Ethnobiol 9 (1): y090115. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjethnobiol/y090115. Traditional medicinal knowledge remains central to primary healthcare in rural Saudi Arabia, yet systematic ethnobotanical documentation is limited, particularly in the Eastern Province. This study documents medicinal plants used in Nairiyah Governorate, with special emphasis on women’s roles as custodians of traditional knowledge. Between August and December 2024, 120 semi-structured interviews were conducted using purposive and snowball sampling among informants with at least 10 years of experience in medicinal plant use. Plant species were identified using published floras and herbarium records and documented in terms of collection, preparation, and therapeutic applications. Quantitative ethnobotanical indices, including Use Value (UV) and Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), were applied. Thirteen medicinal plant species were recorded, with leaves as the most frequently used plant part. Anastatica hierochuntica, Calligonum comosum, and Krameria triandra showed the highest UV (0.11), while C. comosum exhibited the strongest consensus for gynecological disorders (ICF=0.842). The findings highlight the urgency of safeguarding traditional medicinal practices amid socio-cultural change and knowledge erosion. This study provides a foundational ethnobotanical record for an underrepresented region, supports Saudi Vision 2030 objectives, and underscores the importance of involving women and local communities in the stewardship and sustainable use of medicinal heritage.
Ethnobotanical survey, gendered knowledge, Informant Consensus Factor, traditional medicine, Use Value
Copyright (c) 2026 INAAM A. SALIM, RABAB A. ISMAIL, AESHAH ALRUBYYI, ANISSA A. MANSOUR, SAUD ATITALLA AGEEB https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Indigenous knowledge and ecotourism for sustainable livelihoods in Arakan, Cotabato, Philippines
Abstract. Baguio Jr. RP, Kahar YH, Nacionales JM, Mantawil BA, Habibun JF, Ramos RMM, Matucan GM, Casis AP. 2026. Indigenous knowledge and ecotourism for sustainable livelihoods in Arakan, Cotabato, Philippines. Asian J Ethnobiol 9 (1): y090118. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjethnobiol/y090118. This study examines how Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) support environmental conservation and sustainable livelihoods through ecotourism among the Manobo communities in Arakan, North Cotabato, Philippines. Using a convergent mixed-methods design, data were gathered through surveys, interviews, focus group discussions, and participant observation across three ecotourism areas: Matigol, Gambodes, and Aguas Falls. Within the sample of 60 respondents, more than half reported practicing rotational farming, sacred grove protection, and ritual-based water governance, describing these as supportive of soil fertility, biodiversity conservation, and freshwater sustainability. These knowledge-based land and resource practices remain primary livelihood sources, providing up to one-third of household income, while ecotourism activities add supplementary earnings through guiding, handicrafts, and cultural presentations. Community perceptions indicate strong recognition of ecotourism benefits, especially income opportunities and cultural preservation, cited by over 70% of respondents, though concerns persist regarding cultural commodification and ecological disturbances in sensitive areas. Correlation analysis also suggests that tourism growth is closely linked with increased household income but may heighten environmental pressure without proper safeguards. The study demonstrates that IKS provides crucial ecological and cultural assets for resilient livelihoods but requires institutional recognition, inclusive governance, and environmental safeguards to ensure that ecotourism reinforces, rather than undermines, both cultural identity and ecological integrity.
Indigenous ecological knowledge, biocultural conservation, community-based tourism, Manobo, Philippines
Copyright (c) 2026 RANIL P. BAGUIO JR., YUSRHA H. KAHAR, JOSIE M. NACIONALES, BAINORIE A. MANTAWIL, JOEFREY F. HABIBUN, RUDINA MAY M. RAMOS, GABBY M. MATUCAN, ARGIE P. CASIS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Suro Porridge Tradition, preserving knowledge and value as cultural ecosystem services in Bumiaji Village, East Java, Indonesia
Abstract. Istikomayanti Y, Leksono AS, Gama ZP, Batoro J. 2026. Suro Porridge Tradition, preserving knowledge and value as cultural ecosystem services in Bumiaji Village, East Java, Indonesia. Asian J Ethnobiol 9: y090105. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjethnobiol/y090105. The Suro Porridge Tradition in Bumiaji Village, East Java, Indonesia, is a prime biocultural practice and an indigenous response to conservation challenges. Deeply embedded in the community's heritage, this new year ritual involves serving porridge made from local products like rice and endemic root crops (polo pendem). The tradition is a tangible expression of traditional conservation knowledge. This research aims to analyze the Suro Tradition, specifically the porridge ritual, as an exemplary model of Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES) in Bumiaji. A total of 69 plant species from 31 families were documented, with 43% categorized as moderate and 57% as low in the Index of Cultural Significance (ICS) were collected through semi-structured interviews with 53 respondents, participant observation, and an inventory of plant use. Rice (Oryza sativa) held the highest ICS value due to its combined spiritual and cultural importance, while tuber species (polo pendem) reflected shifting historical patterns of resource use. The CES assessment revealed that the tradition provides strong identity, spiritual, educational, and place-based values, sustained through communal participation and public festival formats introduced over the past 15 years. The ultimate measure of success is the intergenerational transfer of a stewardship ethic, evidenced by the younger generation's engagement in regenerative agriculture and agroforestry. Supported by the Bumiaji Village government's support for the younger generation's involvement. The Suro Tradition thus emerges as a robust, community-driven conservation model that strengthens socio-ecological resilience and underscores the need for policy frameworks that recognize and support biocultural practices as foundational components of sustainable landscape management.
Cultural ecosystem services, environmental responsibility, ICS, Suro Tradition, sustainability
Copyright (c) 2026 YUSWA ISTIKOMAYANTI, AMIN SETYO LEKSONO, ZULFAIDAH PENATA GAMA, JATI BATORO https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Stakeholder’s perspective on Sunda pangolin conservation governance in Indonesia’s fragmented landscapes
Abstract. Novriyanti N, Masy’ud B, Soekmadi R, Buchori D. 2026. Stakeholder’s perspective on Sunda pangolin conservation governance in Indonesia’s fragmented landscapes. Asian J Ethnobiol 9: y090107. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjethnobiol/y090107. Within the framework of Nature's Contribution to People (NCP) of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), the Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) holds profound ecological and cultural significance for local communities. However, a shift toward valuing species primarily for their instrumental benefits has fueled poaching and habitat destruction, thereby sharply increasing extinction risk. Understanding the perspectives of people in fragmented landscapes is thus essential for shaping conservation priorities and preventing further population decline. This study was conducted across the Bukit Barisan Selatan (BBS), Sumatra, Indonesia, landscape, including Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (TNBBS), forest management units (FMU/KPH), and other land use types (APL). Data were obtained from a focus group discussion and interviews with 55 stakeholders representing local communities, area managers, NGOs, and intermediaries, then analysed using prospective structural analysis (MICMAC and MACTOR methods). Ten key perspectives were identified, spanning ecological ethics, economic interests, and institutional policies, with certainty of land management right and access (AksesPasti) emerging as the primary driver of conservation outcomes. Governance challenges are strongly influenced by interference from non-governmental actors, such as illegal traders and poachers, compounded by community dependence on natural resourcesandy limited government institutional support. These findings highlight the need for an integrated governance model and initial paradigm shift that positions science, enriched by local knowledge and stakeholder capacity building, as the foundation for adaptive conservation in changing land-use contexts.
Conservation governance, endangered species, local ecological knowledge, Manis javanica, prospective analysis
Copyright (c) 2026 N. NOVRIYANTI, BURHANUDDIN MASY’UD, RINEKSO SOEKMADI, DAMAYANTI BUCHORI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Ethnogastronomy of bubur pedas of the Malay community in North Sumatra, Indonesia and its contribution to local food security
Abstract. Nasution J, Pasaribu N, Silalahi M, Harahap RH. 2025. Ethnogastronomy of bubur pedas of the Malay community in North Sumatra, Indonesia and its contribution to local food security. Asian J Ethnobiol 8: 312-323. The majority of Indonesian traditional foods are undocumented and endangered due to globalization and shifting diets. Bubur pedas ('spiced' or 'spicy porridge'), a Ramadan dish of the Malay community in North Sumatra, Indonesia, with over a century of history, is also at risk of of being forgotten or losing its prominence due to demographic change and cultural assimilation. Therefore, this study applied an ethnogastronomic method to determine key species’ ingredients in bubur pedas and the contribution to local food security. Fieldwork was conducted from January to December 2023 in six historical Malay Sultanate areas, namely Medan, Langkat, Deli Serdang, Serdang Bedagai, Batubara, and Tanjungbalai. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participatory observations, and plant identification with 27 key informants. In total, 76 plant species from 33 families were documented, with leaves as the most common ingredient (45%). The results showed a strong correlation between Use Value (UV) and Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), with 12 key species identified using the Relative Importance (RI) Index. The primary ingredients, determined based on high RI indices, were Allium cepa, Arachis hypogaea, Coriandrum sativum, Cocos nucifera, Curcuma longa, Cuminum cyminum, Daucus carota, Etlingera elatior, Ipomoea batatas, Manihot esculenta, Oryza sativa, and Solanum tuberosum. Mapping the results onto FAO’s food security pillars showed that bubur pedas contributes to species availability, easy access through markets and household gardens, nutritional and medicinal value, as well as seasonal resilience. The study highlighted the role of Malay culinary heritage in sustaining culturally embedded, ecologically resilient food practices.
Bubur pedas, ethnogastronomy, food security, local food, Malay
Ecological risk assessment for sustainable tourism on Saobi Island, Indonesia
Abstract. Romadhon A, Rini DAS, Hilyana S. 2025. Ecological risk assessment for sustainable tourism on Saobi Island, Indonesia. Asian J Ethnobiol 8: 291-300. The complex interplay between growing tourism and ecological sustainability is investigated in vulnerable small island ecosystems, driven by the need to protect unique biodiversity amidst anthropogenic pressures. Therefore, this research aims to conduct a systematic ecological risk assessment on Saobi Island, Indonesia, to identify specific vulnerabilities and develop evidence-based recommendations for policymakers, tourism stakeholders, and local communities to implement sustainable tourism strategies. A robust composite Ecological Risk Index (ERI) framework was used and adapted explicitly for small island environments. This methodology integrated standardized and weighted indicators across four critical ecological parameters, namely marine water quality (fecal coliform concentrations), coral reef health (coral bleaching percentages), solid waste management efficiency (beach waste density), and tourism carrying capacity (tourism density). These indicators were quantitatively combined to obtain a single numerical score representing the overall ecological risk. The assessment suggested an overall ERI value of 0.78 for Saobi Island, classifying ecological risk as "low" (in the 0.67-1.00 range). The results showed that current tourism activities were largely sustainable. However, this research identified persistent localized concerns, reporting degradation in marine water quality, ongoing anthropogenic pressures impacting coral reefs, and inadequacies in current solid waste management systems. The results also indicated the necessity for implementing integrated, resilience-focused management strategies that balanced economic, environmental, and social factors. Implications included the urgent need for optimized ecological zoning, stricter regulation of tourism activities, and consistent application of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). The framework incorporated precise spatial planning and robust community-based monitoring for mitigating ecological risks and improving long-term environmental stewardship.
Ecological Risk Index, environmental management, Saobi Island, small islands, sustainable tourism
Medicinal plants for gastrointestinal ailments among the Toraja people, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Abstract. Mangalik ES, Susandarini R. 2025. Medicinal plants for gastrointestinal ailments among the Toraja people, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Asian J Ethnobiol 8: 301-311. South Sulawesi, a province in Indonesia, is facing a significant health challenge with high rates of gastrointestinal disorders, potentially leading to fatal outbreaks. The Toraja people, a community in South Sulawesi, have a long-standing tradition of using medicinal plants to address various health issues, including gastrointestinal disorders. This study aims to document their local resources and preserve their traditional knowledge. Data were collected from October 2024 to January 2025 through semi-structured interviews with 42 informants, comprising 23 males (54.76%) and 19 females (45.24%), using snowball and purposive sampling methods. Plant specimens were collected during field exploration for the subsequent process of herbarium preparation and identification. Qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods were performed, including Use Value (UV), Fidelity Level (FL), and Informant Consensus Factor (ICF). The study identified 53 medicinal plant species from 43 genera and 29 families, with Zingiberaceae, Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae and Euphorbiaceae being the most common families. These plants are traditionally used to treat gastrointestinal issues, including diarrhea, abdominal pain, appendicitis, acid reflux, and gastritis. Herbs comprised 55% of the species, with leaves (46%) being the most used plant part, and boiling was the primary processing method. Ageratum conyzoides had the highest UV (0.83). The highest FL (100%) was found in Acorus calamus, Corchorus capsularis, and Psidium guajava for treatment of abdominal pain, while Amaranthus spinosus and Boehmeria nivea were reported for curing appendicitis. The highest ICF values were observed for abdominal pain with P. guajava, having an ICF of 0.75, and gastritis was treated with A. conyzoides, with an ICF value of 0.66. This study represents the first systematic ethnobotanical investigation of medicinal plants used by the Toraja community to treat gastrointestinal ailments, highlighting their diversity and contributing to the preservation of traditional knowledge, supporting species conservation, and offering potential pathways for pharmaceutical development.
Ethnobotany, gastrointestinal ailments, indigenous knowledge, medicinal plants, Toraja
Quantitative ethnobotanical assessment of Zingiberaceae used as food and traditional medicine in Sabang Island, Aceh, Indonesia
Abstract. Pristihayati D, Saudah, Aswita D. 2026. Quantitative ethnobotanical assessment of Zingiberaceae used as food and traditional medicine in Sabang Island, Aceh, Indonesia. Asian J Ethnobiol 9 (1): y090113. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjethnobiol/y090113. The Zingiberaceae family is widely recognized for its ethnomedicinal and culinary importance in Indonesia; however, scientific documentation of its traditional use in Sabang, Aceh, remains limited. This study aimed to document the diversity, utilization patterns, and cultural significance of Zingiberaceae species use by the Sabang community. A total of 16 species across 9 genera were recorded and classified into 4 main categories: vegetables, beverages, traditional medicine, and spices. Quantitative ethnobotanical indices, Use Value (UV) and Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), were applied to evaluate species importance and community agreement. Rhizomes were the most frequently utilized plant part (12 species), followed by leaves (5 species), flowers (4 species), fruits (4 species), and pseudostems (1 species), with rhizomes predominating in medicinal preparations. Zingiberaceae species were used to treat five disease categories, namely reproductive health, digestive disorders, metabolic degenerative diseases, body and skin care, and general ailments. Curcuma longa (UV=0.95) and Zingiber officinale (UV=0.93) emerged as the most culturally significant species, reflecting their multifunctional roles in food and traditional medicine. High ICF values in spice (0.934) and vegetable (0.909) categories indicate strong consensus among informants, suggesting a well-preserved and homogenous body of ethnobotanical knowledge. These findings highlight the dual role of Zingiberaceae as both functional foods and phytotherapeutic resources, and underscore the importance of documenting and conserving traditional knowledge to support biodiversity conservation and ethnobotanical education.
Ethnobotany, cultural knowledge, functional food, traditional medicine, Zingiberaceae
Copyright (c) 2026 DETA PRISTIHAYATI, SAUDAH, DIAN ASWITA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Cultural ethnobotany and urban biodiversity in an eco-friendly Rakhi-making initiative in Rajasthan, India
Abstract. Jain V. 2025. Cultural ethnobotany and urban biodiversity in an eco-friendly Rakhi-making initiative in Rajasthan, India. Asian J Ethnobiol 8: 245-257. Festivals are integral to the culturally rich Indian subcontinent. Rakshabandhan (Rakhi), celebrated on Shravani Purnima, is a unique traditional Indian festival symbolizing the bond of trust between siblings, where sisters tie a sacred thread on their brother's wrists. To promote eco-consciousness and the use of sustainable materials in traditional crafts, an eco-friendly Rakhi-making competition was organized in August 2024 by the Department of Botany, Government Meera Girls College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India, in which 23 female students (mean age = 20.65 years) participated. An ethnobotanical survey through participant interviews and field observation was conducted to document the plant-based materials used. A total of 53 plants (13 wild and 40 cultivated) belonging to 28 families were employed to prepare various Rakhi by the participants. Among these, 44 Dicotyledon, 8 Monocotyledon, and 1 Gymnosperm plant were observed. Fabaceae was the most represented family, followed by Apocynaceae, Poaceae, Asteraceae, and Euphorbiaceae. Floral parts were maximally utilized, followed by seeds, leaves, fruits, roots, and stems. The highest Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) was recorded for Vigna radiata (0.35), Oryza sativa and Rosa spp. (0.30 each), indicating easy accessibility of these plant materials. Notably, Platycladus orientalis and Pistacia vera used in this competition are listed as Near Threatened in the IUCN Red Data List, highlighting the need for conservation efforts. This initiative showcases the creative integration of traditional knowledge and sustainability and suggests that such competitions can inspire ethnobotany-based entrepreneurship, while fostering ecological awareness and cultural values among students.
Cultural ecology, festival, non-timber forest products, urban biodiversity, urban ethnobotany, youth innovation
Ethnobotany and traditional food plant knowledge among the Malay community of Kuantan Singingi District, Riau, Indonesia
Abstract. Hafizah N, Chikmawati T, Djuita NR, Purwanto Y. 2025. Ethnobotany and traditional food plant knowledge among the Malay community of Kuantan Singingi District, Riau, Indonesia. Asian J Ethnobiol 8: 271-290. The Malay community in Kuantan Singingi District, Riau Province, Indonesia, is known for its unique culture and cuisine. However, their local knowledge and wisdom regarding the use of food plants have not been documented. This study aims to change that, documenting and analyzing diversity, identifying the local importance of species, and supporting sustainable biodiversity conservation. The research was conducted across five villages in Kuantan Singingi District, using open-ended, semi-structured, and structured interviews with 107 informants selected through purposive and snowball sampling methods. Data were analyzed to show Use Value (UV), Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Index of Cultural Significance (ICS), and Important Value Index (IVI). A total of 167 plant species belonging to 55 families were recorded, dominated by Fabaceae (13 species). Trees (40.12%) and herbs (33.53%) were the most common growth forms, with fruits (44.74%) and leaves (22.11%) as the main parts used. Cocos nucifera exhibited the highest UV, RFC, and ICS, reflecting its central cultural and culinary role. Knowledge was found to be influenced by gender, age, and occupation, with women and older generations serving as primary custodians. This study provides the first comprehensive documentation of food plant knowledge in Kuantan Singingi. It underscores the need for conservation strategies, intergenerational knowledge transfer, and integration of ethnobotanical knowledge into education to sustain both biodiversity and cultural heritage.
Index of Cultural Significance, Malay food plant knowledge, Riau ethnobotany, Relative Frequency of Citation
An ethnobotanical study on traditional medicinal uses of Euphorbia resinifera by local communities in Beni Mellal-Khenifra, Morocco
Abstract. Abd-dada H, Bouda S, Dani S, Bouchari MEH, Adiba A, Haddioui A. 2025. An ethnobotanical study on traditional medicinal uses of Euphorbia resinifera by local communities in Beni Mellal-Khenifra, Morocco. Asian J Ethnobiol 8: 230-244. Euphorbia resinifera O.Berg, endemic to the Beni Mellal-Khenifra region of Morocco, is a culturally and medicinally significant plant now threatened by overexploitation and habitat degradation. This study documented local knowledge, uses, and conservation perceptions through surveys with 515 respondents across five provinces. Socio-demographic data (age, gender, education, residence) and traditional knowledge were analyzed using descriptive statistics, principal component analysis (PCA), and Pearson correlations. Results revealed that knowledge is concentrated among older, rural, and less formally educated populations, while younger and urban respondents showed limited awareness. The latex and stems were the most cited parts, primarily used in treating digestive disorders, skin infections, and diabetes. PCA highlighted strong associations between education level, age, and knowledge distribution. Respondents also reported declining availability of E. resinifera, attributing it to unsustainable harvesting and habitat loss. This study demonstrates the erosion of ethnobotanical knowledge alongside ecological threats to E. resinifera. Safeguarding this heritage requires integrated strategies, including awareness campaigns, sustainable harvesting practices, and in situ and ex situ conservation. Documenting traditional uses not only supports biodiversity management but also provides a basis for future pharmacological validation.
Beni Mellal-Khenifra, ethnobotanical survey, Euphorbia resinifera, medicinal plant, Morocco
Ethnobotany and cultural significance of wild tea plants in Mountain Province, Philippines
Abstract. Nasungan LM, Garsi JP, Cue EG. 2025. Ethnobotany and cultural significance of wild tea plants in Mountain Province, Philippines. Asian J Ethnobiol 8: 258-270. Ethnobotanical studies in the Philippines are crucial for understanding traditional plant uses and developing plant-based products. This study uniquely focuses on assessing the diversity and documenting the ethnobotanical knowledge of wild tea plants in Mountain Province, Philippines, a distinct category of culturally important flora often overlooked in regional research. A Rapid Ethnobotanical Appraisal employed semi-structured interviews with 220 key informants. The Cultural Importance (CI) Index was calculated for each species using frequency counts. The study successfully identified eighteen (18) distinct wild tea plant species, representing 13 taxonomic families. A thorough analysis of their conservation status using the IUCN Red List revealed a diverse profile: twelve (12) species are categorized as Least Concern, three (3) are classified as Vulnerable, and three (3) are Not Assessed. The documented uses of these plants are remarkably varied, including human food, medicine, food processing, condiments, and domestic applications. They are typically prepared by decoction or steeping from various plant parts. Notably, Cinnamomum mercadoi ranked first with the highest CI Index (0.57), underscoring its exceptional cultural significance and widespread use within the communities. This study fills a critical gap by going beyond simple lists of plants to provide a species-specific, use-oriented documentation. The findings of this research offer a critical baseline for crafting effective conservation policies and promoting the preservation of wild tea habitats through the active involvement of indigenous communities. The documented knowledge can be integrated into regional development strategies to support sustainable livelihoods. Furthermore, this study strongly encourages future scientific validation of the potential medical uses of these plants, particularly those with a high cultural importance index and those identified as vulnerable, to ensure their sustainable use and conservation.
Cultural importance, diversity, ethnobotany, Mountain Province, wild tea plants