Asian Journal of Tropical Biotechnology

Effectiveness of antibiofilm Aspergillus niger cell-free supernatant against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm

TATASA DIVA CAHYAKIRANA — 2024-12-17

Abstract. Cahyakirana TD, Susilowati A, Pangastuti A. 2024. Effectiveness of antibiofilm Aspergillus niger cell-free supernatant against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. Asian J Trop Biotechnol 21: 89-95. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic gram-negative pathogenic-bacteria that can cause nosocomial infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has several virulence factors that can cause infection, including its ability to form biofilms. Biofilm-forming bacteria can limit the penetration of antibiotics toward the microbes. These limitations make it challenging to treat biofilm-producing bacterial infections. Enzymes produced by Aspergillus niger with anti-biofilm activity include lactonase, ?-glucosidase, acylase, and oxidoreductase. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of cell-free supernatant (CFS) of A. niger against P. aeruginosa biofilms. The antibiofilm activity test consisted of a biofilm growth inhibition test and P. aeruginosa biofilm destruction test. The research method used was the microtiter plate biofilm assay. The results showed that CFS of A. niger had the ability to inhibit the growth and destruction of P. aeruginosa biofilms. In the biofilm growth inhibition test and biofilm destruction test, the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC₅₀) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC50) were 56 and 55.7% at 50% concentration, respectively. It was concluded that A. niger CFS had antibiofilm activity against P. aeruginosa biofilms.

Lipase activity and identification of lipolytic bacteria from leather industrial liquid waste in Magetan Small Industrial Area, Indonesia

JEDIDI’AH ABEL MEHOLA — 2024-07-28

Abstract. Mehola JA, Setyaningsih R, Susilowati A. 2024. Lipase activity and identification of lipolytic bacteria from leather industrial liquid waste in Magetan Small Industrial Area, Indonesia. Asian J Trop Biotechnol 21: 61-67. Lipolytic bacteria can produce the lipase enzyme, potentially a lipid biodegradation agent. The bacteria can be found in places that contain lots of fat, one of which is the leather industry wastewater. This research aimed to obtain lipolytic bacteria that have the potential as biodegradation agents and observe the lipase enzyme activity from small industrial lather wastewater in Magetan, Indonesia. This research was conducted in several steps, including isolation, screening, lipase enzyme activity assay, and identification of lipolytic bacteria. Isolation of lipolytic bacteria using minimal media enriched with olive oil. The screening of lipolytic bacteria was carried out using Rhodamine B agar, a method that has proven effective in such studies. The enzyme activity was determined using a spectrophotometric method, with p-nitrophenyl palmitate (p-NPP) as the substrate at ? = 410 nm. The lipolytic bacteria that exhibited high enzyme activity in each treatment were identified based on the 16S rRNA gene encoding sequence using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) on the NCBI website https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/. The research showed significant findings; four isolates of lipolytic bacteria were discovered, each with unique characteristics. The highest lipase activity was observed in the form of crude enzyme. Further precipitation with ammonium sulfate revealed that isolate Q exhibited the highest enzyme activity among the other isolates in the 30-45% fraction. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that isolate Q shared a 100% similarity with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.

Hepatoprotective effect of Ocimum basilicum aqueous extract against doxorubicin-induced hepatic damage in albino rats

ISLAM BOULAARES — 2024-11-30

Abstract. Boulaares I, Derouiche S, Guemari IY. 2024. Hepatoprotective effect of Ocimum basilicum aqueous extract against doxorubicin-induced hepatic damage in albino rats. Asian J Trop Biotechnol 21: 68-74. This investigation aimed to evaluate the effect of Ocimum basilicum L. aqueous extract (ObE) on hepatotoxicity induced by doxorubicin in rats. Standard procedures were used to extract bioactive compounds and to analyze phytochemical compounds quantitatively and qualitatively. The in-vivo study was performed using 15 female albino rats that were grouped into 3 groups (n=5): a control group, a doxorubicin-treated group (DOX), and a group co-treated with doxorubicin and O. basilicum aqueous extract (DOX + ObE). Various biochemical, enzymatic, and liver oxidative stress markers were analyzed. Phytochemical results demonstrated that the ObE contained highly phenolic compounds. The results of the in vivo study showed that the treatment of doxorubicin caused a significant decrease of WBC (P?0.01), lymphocyte (P?0.05), also a significant increase in GOT (p<0.05), CPK (p<0.001) and LDH (p<0.05) activities compared to control group/normal rats. In addition, doxorubicin-treated rats resulted in a significant decrease in GSH (p<0.01) and an increase in MDA (p<0.01), SOD (p<0.001), and GST (p<0.01) levels in liver cells compared to the control group. Treatment with ObE partially reversed all of the previously mentioned parameters. This study indicated that basil aqueous extract's antioxidant activity could protect the liver from the harmful effects of doxorubicin or the destructive effects of various liver diseases such as hepatitis or other drug hepatotoxicity.

Review: The potential of wader fish (Puntius spp.) as a source of food, medicine, and traditional use

HAFIZH MUHAMAD ZEN — 2024-12-11

Abstract. Zen HM, Nurcahyo FD, ‘Azizah HPN, Nurwulandari M, Naim DMd, Setyawan AD. 2024. Review: The potential of wader fish (Puntius spp.) as a source of food, medicine, and traditional use. Asian J Trop Biotechnol 21: 75-88. Freshwater ecosystems rich in biodiversity are often inhabited by wader fish (Puntius spp.: Cyprinidae). Wader fish are omnivores, consuming various plankton and aquatic insects, and are typically found in river streams with relatively clear water and pH around 6.0-6.5. Its adaptive habitats, including rivers, lakes, and ponds, and widespread distribution from India to Southeast Asia make them critical elements in freshwater ecosystem sustainability. This study aims to maintain the availability of nutritious food, preserve traditional knowledge in medicine, and safeguard the population of wader fish for future generations. Morphological analysis is crucial for understanding wader fish's characteristics and phylogenetic relationships, with wader fish exhibiting diverse morphological traits, including unique body colors and structures. In Indonesia, Puntius consists of 33 species, classified into three subgenera: Puntius, Poropuntius, and Barbodes. Besides providing significant economic value, wader fish also play a crucial role in preventing community malnutrition. They are an essential protein source and offer various health benefits. The morphology of wader fish includes a compact body shape, flat head, and various colors and patterns on its body. As a nutritious food source, wader fish are rich in protein, fats, vitamins, and minerals that benefit humans. Additionally, the potential uses of wader fish in medicine are diverse, including antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunity, and liver health benefits. wader fish