Leaf chlorophyll content in North Sulawesi (Indonesia) local rice cultivars subjected to polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000-induced water deficit at the vegetative phase
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Issue
Section
Articles
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Abstract. Nio SA, Pirade M, Ludong DPM. 2019. Leaf chlorophyll content in North Sulawesi (Indonesia) local rice cultivars subjected to polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000-induced water deficit at the vegetative phase. Biodiversitas 20: 2462-2467. Climate change can result in drought stress in the environment and this condition reduces rice production. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is used to induce water deficit, because it is able to decrease water potential in the solution. The present study aimed to evaluate the physiological response of North Sulawesi local rice (cvs. Superwin, Ombong, Burungan, and Temo) to PEG 8000-induced water deficit based on the leaf chlorophylls (a, b and total chl.) content at the vegetative phase. The results of this study showed that PEG 8000-induced water deficit with media water potential (WP) -0.25 and -0.5 MPa decreased the content of leaf total chlorophyll and leaf chlorophyll a. The longer treatment period could reduce the contents of leaf total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. The content of leaf chlorophyll total and chlorophyll a were potential physiological indicators for North Sulawesi local rice response to PEG 8000-induced water deficit.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
References
Ballo M, Nio SA, Pandiangan D, Mantiri F. 2012. Respon morfologis padi terhadap kekeringan pada fase perkecambahan (Morphological response of rice to water deficit at the germination phase). Jurnal Bioslogos 2(2):88–95. [Indonesian] https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/bioslogos/article/view/1045/848. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35799/bioslogos.v2i2.1045
Banyo Y, Nio SA, Siahaan P, Tangapo A. 2013. Konsentrasi klorofil daun padi pada saat kekurangan air yang diinduksi dengan polietilen glikol (Leaf chlorophyll content in rice under polyethylene-glycol-induced water deficit). Jurnal Ilmiah Sains 13(1):1–8. [Indonesian] http://id.portalgaruda.org/index.php?ref=browse&mod=viewarticle&article=107001
Castillo E, Tuong TP, Ismail A, Inibushi K. 2007. Response to salinity in rice: Comparative effect of osmotic and ionic stresses. Plant Prod Sci 10(2):159–170. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/pps/10/2/10_2_159/_pdf/-char/en
Cha–um S, Wangmoon S, Mongkolsiriwatana C, Ashraf M, Kirdmanee C. 2012. Evaluating sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) cultivars for water deficit tolerance using some key physiological markers. J Plant Biotechnol 29(5):431–439. http://www.jspcmb.jp/journal/pdf/pb29_5/29_431.pdf
Chazen O, Hartung W, Neumann PM. 1995. The different effect of PEG 6000 and NaCl on leaf development are associated with differential inhibition of root water transport. Plant Cell Environ 18(7):727-735. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00575.x
Farooq M, Wahid A, Kobayashi N, Fujita D, Basra SM. 2009. Plant drought stress: effect mechanisms and management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 29:185–212. https://doi.org/10.1051/agro:2008021
Gomes FB, Olivia MA, Nielke MS, Almeida AF, Leite HG, Aquine LA. 2008. Photosynthetic limitations in leaves of young Brazilian green dwarf coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) palm under well watered conditions and recovering from drought stress. Environ Exp Bot 62:195–204. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222896353_Photosynthetic_limitations_in_leaves_of_young_Brazilian_Green_Dwarf_coconut_Cocos_nucifera_L_'nana'_palm_under_well-watered_conditions_or_recovering_from_drought_stress.
Hassanzadeh M, Ebadi A, Panahyan-e-Kivi M, Eshghi AG, Jamaati-e-Somarin, Saeidi M, Zabihi-e-Mahmoodabad R. 2009. Evaluation of drought stress on relative water content and chlorophyll content of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes at early flowering stage. Res J Environ Sci 3(3):345-360. https://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=rjes.2009.345.350&org=10
Hendriyani IS, Setiari N. 2009. Kandungan klorofil dan pertumbuhan kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis) pada tingkat penyediaan air yang berbeda (The chlorophyll content and growth in long beans (Vigna sinensis) under different water availability of water). Jurnal Sains&Mat. 17(3):145–150. [Indonesian] http://eprints.undip.ac.id/2335/1/artikel_jsm_nintya.pdf
Hsu SY, Kao CH. 2003. Differential effect of sorbitol and polyethylene glycol on antioxidant enzymes in rice leaves. Plant Growth Regul 39:83-90. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1021830926902
Indraswati DS, Zulkifli, Handayani T. 2015. Resistant test on upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) to drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol 6000. In: Hidayat B, Candra AA, Sarono,Sukaryana Y, Gusta AR (eds); Prosiding Seminar Nasional Swasembada Pangan-Percepatan Swasembada Pangan untuk Memperkuat Kemandirian dan Ketahanan Pangan Nasional. Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Lampung, 29 April 2015. [Indonesian]. jurnal.polinela.ac.id/index.php/PROSIDING/article/download/448/315
Jamil MS, Endang N, Zulkifli. 2015. Chlorophyll content of vanilla (Vanilla plantifolia Andrews) plantlet result selection for resitant to drought stress by in vitro. In: Hidayat B, Candra AA, Sarono,Sukaryana Y, Gusta AR (eds); Prosiding Seminar Nasional Swasembada Pangan-Percepatan Swasembada Pangan untuk Memperkuat Kemandirian dan Ketahanan Pangan Nasional. Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Lampung, 29 April 2015. [Indonesian].http://repository.lppm.unila.ac.id/3683/1/11.%20M.%20Sobran%20Jamil%20dkk%20Kandungan%20Klorofil%20Planlet%20Vanili.pdf
Kumar RR, Karajoi K, Naik GR. 2011. Effect of polyethylene glycol induced water stress on physiological and biochemical responses in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.). Recent Res Sci Technol 3(1):148-152. https://updatepublishing.com/journal/index.php/rrst/article/view/565
Li R, Guo P, Baum M, Grando S, Ceccarelli S. 2006. Evaluation of chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters as indicators of drought tolerance in barley. Agric Sci in China 5(10):751–757. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S167129270660120X
Maisura, Chozin MA, Lubis I, Junaedi A, Ehara H. 2015. Rate of assimilation total and relative growth of drought tolerant rice on paddy system. Jurnal Agrium 12(1):10–15. [Indonesian]. https://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/agrium/article/view/376/308
Meher, Shivakrishna P, Ashok Reddy K, Manohar Rao D. 2018. Effect of PEG-6000 imposed drought stress on RNA content, relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll content in peanut leaves and roots. Saudi J Biol Sci 25:285-289. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5815994/
Mescht A, Ronde JA, Rossouw FT. 1999. Chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll content as a measure of drought tolerance in potato. South African J Sci. 95:407–412. http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=ZA1999000917
Nio SA. 2011. Biomassa dan kandungan klorofil total daun jahe (Zingiber officinale L.) yang mengalami cekaman kekeringan (The biomass and leaf chlorophyll content in ginger (Zingiber officinale L.) under water deficit). Jurnal Ilmiah Sains 11(1):1–5. [Indonesian]. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/JIS/article/view/31
Nio SA. 2015. Fisiologi Tanaman pada Saat Kekeringan (Plant Physiology under Water Deficit). CV. Patra Media Grafindo, Bandung. [Indonesian]
Nio SA. 2017. Fisiologi Tumbuhan dalam Praktek (Laboratory Manual for Plant Physiology). C.V. Patra Media Grafindo, Bandung. [Indonesian]
Nio SA, Banyo Y. 2011. Konsentrasi klorofil daun sebagai indikator kekurangan air pada tanaman (Leaf chlorophyll content as indicators of plant drought tolerance). Jurnal Ilmiah Sains 11(2): 166-173. [Indonesian]. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/JIS/article/view/202
Nio SA, Ludong DPM. 2014. Comparing the drought tolerance of local rice cultivar Superwin with other cultivars in North Sulawesi Province based on dry matter partitioning. Proceeding International Conference on Global Resource Conservation 4(1): 17-22. http://proceedingicgrc.ub.ac.id/index.php/procicgrc/article/view/31.
Nio SA, Colmer TD, Wade LJ, Cawthray G. 2011. Osmotic adjustment and solutes accumulation in leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during water deficit. J Math Sci16:43–48. http://id.portalgaruda.org/?ref=browse&mod=viewarticle&article=118099
Nio SA, Ludong DPM, Wade LJ. 2018. Comparison of leaf osmotic adjustment expression in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under water deficit between the whole plant and tissue levels. Agric Nat Res 52:33–38. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452316X17301837
Nio SA, Siahaan R, Ludong DPM. 2018. Shoot elongation rate in North Sulawesi local rice (Oryza sativa L.) under flooding and drought stress at the vegetative phase was different from the reproductive phase. Biosci Res 15(3):1712–1717. https://www.isisn.org/BR15(3)2018/1712-1717-15(3)2018BR18-265.pdf
Pratiwi AR. 2016. Kajian efek polietilen glikol (PEG) 6000 terhadap cekaman kekeringan planlet kedelai (Glycine max L.) varietas Tanggamus secara in vitro. (Evaluation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 effect to induce in-vitro water deficit in plantlet of soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivar Tanggamus) [Thesis] Universitas Lampung. Lampung. [Indonesian]
Prihastanti E. 2010. Kandungan klorofil dan pertumbuhan semai kakao (Theobroma cacao) pada perlakuan cekaman kekeringan yang berbeda (The chlorophyll concentration and growth of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) sprout under different water deficit levels) Jurnal Bioma 12(2):35–39. [Indonesian]. https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/bioma/article/view/3387
Purwadi E. 2011. Pengujian ketahanan benih terhadap cekaman lingkungan. https://www.duniapelajar.com/2011/05/23/pengujian-ketahanan-benih-terhadap-cekaman-lingkungan/.
Rahayu E, Ilyas S, Sudarsono. 2006. Seleksi in vitro embrio somatik kacang tanah pada medium dengan polietilen glikol untuk simulasi kondisi cekaman kekeringan (The in vitro selection of embryo somatic in peanuts grown in the medium with polyethylene glycol for water deficit simulation). Jurnal Biosfera 23(1):16–23. [Indonesian]. https://journal.bio.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/biosfera/article/view/141
Ranjbarfordoei A, Samson R, Van Damme P, Lemeur R. 2000. Effect of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol on pigment content and photosynthetic gas exchange of Pistia khinjuk and P. mutica. Photosynthetica 38(3):443-447. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1010946209484
Salisbury FB, Ross CW. 1992. Plant Physiology. 4rd Ed Wadsworth Publishing Company, California.
Sinaga E. 2015. Seleksi kekeringan in vitro enam belas nomor tanaman terung (Solanum melongena L.) dengan polietilen glikol (The in vitro drought selection in sixteen strains of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) using polyethylene glycol). Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia 6(1):20–28. [Indonesian]. http://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jhi/article/view/9775
Sirait J. 2008. Luas daun, kandungan klorofil dan laju pertumbuhan rumput pada naungan dan pemupukan yang berbeda (The leaf area, chlorophyll content and growth rate in grass under different shading and fertilization treatment). Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 13(2):109–116. [Indonesian]. http://oaji.net/articles/2015/1610-1424400657.pdf
Sopandie D. 2013. Fisiologi adaptasi tanaman terhadap cekaman abiotik pada agroekosistem tropika (Plant physiological adaptation response to abiotic stresses in the tropical agroecosystem). IPB Press, Bogor. [Indonesian]
Tao H, Brueck H, Dittert K, Kreye C, Lin S, Sattelmacher B. 2006. Growth and yield formation for rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the water-saving ground cover rice production system (GCRPS). Field Crops Res 95(1):1–12. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429005000432
Wood AJ. 2005. Plant Abiotic Stress. Blackwell Publishing, India.
Banyo Y, Nio SA, Siahaan P, Tangapo A. 2013. Konsentrasi klorofil daun padi pada saat kekurangan air yang diinduksi dengan polietilen glikol (Leaf chlorophyll content in rice under polyethylene-glycol-induced water deficit). Jurnal Ilmiah Sains 13(1):1–8. [Indonesian] http://id.portalgaruda.org/index.php?ref=browse&mod=viewarticle&article=107001
Castillo E, Tuong TP, Ismail A, Inibushi K. 2007. Response to salinity in rice: Comparative effect of osmotic and ionic stresses. Plant Prod Sci 10(2):159–170. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/pps/10/2/10_2_159/_pdf/-char/en
Cha–um S, Wangmoon S, Mongkolsiriwatana C, Ashraf M, Kirdmanee C. 2012. Evaluating sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) cultivars for water deficit tolerance using some key physiological markers. J Plant Biotechnol 29(5):431–439. http://www.jspcmb.jp/journal/pdf/pb29_5/29_431.pdf
Chazen O, Hartung W, Neumann PM. 1995. The different effect of PEG 6000 and NaCl on leaf development are associated with differential inhibition of root water transport. Plant Cell Environ 18(7):727-735. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00575.x
Farooq M, Wahid A, Kobayashi N, Fujita D, Basra SM. 2009. Plant drought stress: effect mechanisms and management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 29:185–212. https://doi.org/10.1051/agro:2008021
Gomes FB, Olivia MA, Nielke MS, Almeida AF, Leite HG, Aquine LA. 2008. Photosynthetic limitations in leaves of young Brazilian green dwarf coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) palm under well watered conditions and recovering from drought stress. Environ Exp Bot 62:195–204. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222896353_Photosynthetic_limitations_in_leaves_of_young_Brazilian_Green_Dwarf_coconut_Cocos_nucifera_L_'nana'_palm_under_well-watered_conditions_or_recovering_from_drought_stress.
Hassanzadeh M, Ebadi A, Panahyan-e-Kivi M, Eshghi AG, Jamaati-e-Somarin, Saeidi M, Zabihi-e-Mahmoodabad R. 2009. Evaluation of drought stress on relative water content and chlorophyll content of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes at early flowering stage. Res J Environ Sci 3(3):345-360. https://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=rjes.2009.345.350&org=10
Hendriyani IS, Setiari N. 2009. Kandungan klorofil dan pertumbuhan kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis) pada tingkat penyediaan air yang berbeda (The chlorophyll content and growth in long beans (Vigna sinensis) under different water availability of water). Jurnal Sains&Mat. 17(3):145–150. [Indonesian] http://eprints.undip.ac.id/2335/1/artikel_jsm_nintya.pdf
Hsu SY, Kao CH. 2003. Differential effect of sorbitol and polyethylene glycol on antioxidant enzymes in rice leaves. Plant Growth Regul 39:83-90. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1021830926902
Indraswati DS, Zulkifli, Handayani T. 2015. Resistant test on upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) to drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol 6000. In: Hidayat B, Candra AA, Sarono,Sukaryana Y, Gusta AR (eds); Prosiding Seminar Nasional Swasembada Pangan-Percepatan Swasembada Pangan untuk Memperkuat Kemandirian dan Ketahanan Pangan Nasional. Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Lampung, 29 April 2015. [Indonesian]. jurnal.polinela.ac.id/index.php/PROSIDING/article/download/448/315
Jamil MS, Endang N, Zulkifli. 2015. Chlorophyll content of vanilla (Vanilla plantifolia Andrews) plantlet result selection for resitant to drought stress by in vitro. In: Hidayat B, Candra AA, Sarono,Sukaryana Y, Gusta AR (eds); Prosiding Seminar Nasional Swasembada Pangan-Percepatan Swasembada Pangan untuk Memperkuat Kemandirian dan Ketahanan Pangan Nasional. Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Lampung, 29 April 2015. [Indonesian].http://repository.lppm.unila.ac.id/3683/1/11.%20M.%20Sobran%20Jamil%20dkk%20Kandungan%20Klorofil%20Planlet%20Vanili.pdf
Kumar RR, Karajoi K, Naik GR. 2011. Effect of polyethylene glycol induced water stress on physiological and biochemical responses in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.). Recent Res Sci Technol 3(1):148-152. https://updatepublishing.com/journal/index.php/rrst/article/view/565
Li R, Guo P, Baum M, Grando S, Ceccarelli S. 2006. Evaluation of chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters as indicators of drought tolerance in barley. Agric Sci in China 5(10):751–757. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S167129270660120X
Maisura, Chozin MA, Lubis I, Junaedi A, Ehara H. 2015. Rate of assimilation total and relative growth of drought tolerant rice on paddy system. Jurnal Agrium 12(1):10–15. [Indonesian]. https://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/agrium/article/view/376/308
Meher, Shivakrishna P, Ashok Reddy K, Manohar Rao D. 2018. Effect of PEG-6000 imposed drought stress on RNA content, relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll content in peanut leaves and roots. Saudi J Biol Sci 25:285-289. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5815994/
Mescht A, Ronde JA, Rossouw FT. 1999. Chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll content as a measure of drought tolerance in potato. South African J Sci. 95:407–412. http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=ZA1999000917
Nio SA. 2011. Biomassa dan kandungan klorofil total daun jahe (Zingiber officinale L.) yang mengalami cekaman kekeringan (The biomass and leaf chlorophyll content in ginger (Zingiber officinale L.) under water deficit). Jurnal Ilmiah Sains 11(1):1–5. [Indonesian]. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/JIS/article/view/31
Nio SA. 2015. Fisiologi Tanaman pada Saat Kekeringan (Plant Physiology under Water Deficit). CV. Patra Media Grafindo, Bandung. [Indonesian]
Nio SA. 2017. Fisiologi Tumbuhan dalam Praktek (Laboratory Manual for Plant Physiology). C.V. Patra Media Grafindo, Bandung. [Indonesian]
Nio SA, Banyo Y. 2011. Konsentrasi klorofil daun sebagai indikator kekurangan air pada tanaman (Leaf chlorophyll content as indicators of plant drought tolerance). Jurnal Ilmiah Sains 11(2): 166-173. [Indonesian]. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/JIS/article/view/202
Nio SA, Ludong DPM. 2014. Comparing the drought tolerance of local rice cultivar Superwin with other cultivars in North Sulawesi Province based on dry matter partitioning. Proceeding International Conference on Global Resource Conservation 4(1): 17-22. http://proceedingicgrc.ub.ac.id/index.php/procicgrc/article/view/31.
Nio SA, Colmer TD, Wade LJ, Cawthray G. 2011. Osmotic adjustment and solutes accumulation in leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during water deficit. J Math Sci16:43–48. http://id.portalgaruda.org/?ref=browse&mod=viewarticle&article=118099
Nio SA, Ludong DPM, Wade LJ. 2018. Comparison of leaf osmotic adjustment expression in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under water deficit between the whole plant and tissue levels. Agric Nat Res 52:33–38. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452316X17301837
Nio SA, Siahaan R, Ludong DPM. 2018. Shoot elongation rate in North Sulawesi local rice (Oryza sativa L.) under flooding and drought stress at the vegetative phase was different from the reproductive phase. Biosci Res 15(3):1712–1717. https://www.isisn.org/BR15(3)2018/1712-1717-15(3)2018BR18-265.pdf
Pratiwi AR. 2016. Kajian efek polietilen glikol (PEG) 6000 terhadap cekaman kekeringan planlet kedelai (Glycine max L.) varietas Tanggamus secara in vitro. (Evaluation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 effect to induce in-vitro water deficit in plantlet of soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivar Tanggamus) [Thesis] Universitas Lampung. Lampung. [Indonesian]
Prihastanti E. 2010. Kandungan klorofil dan pertumbuhan semai kakao (Theobroma cacao) pada perlakuan cekaman kekeringan yang berbeda (The chlorophyll concentration and growth of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) sprout under different water deficit levels) Jurnal Bioma 12(2):35–39. [Indonesian]. https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/bioma/article/view/3387
Purwadi E. 2011. Pengujian ketahanan benih terhadap cekaman lingkungan. https://www.duniapelajar.com/2011/05/23/pengujian-ketahanan-benih-terhadap-cekaman-lingkungan/.
Rahayu E, Ilyas S, Sudarsono. 2006. Seleksi in vitro embrio somatik kacang tanah pada medium dengan polietilen glikol untuk simulasi kondisi cekaman kekeringan (The in vitro selection of embryo somatic in peanuts grown in the medium with polyethylene glycol for water deficit simulation). Jurnal Biosfera 23(1):16–23. [Indonesian]. https://journal.bio.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/biosfera/article/view/141
Ranjbarfordoei A, Samson R, Van Damme P, Lemeur R. 2000. Effect of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol on pigment content and photosynthetic gas exchange of Pistia khinjuk and P. mutica. Photosynthetica 38(3):443-447. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1010946209484
Salisbury FB, Ross CW. 1992. Plant Physiology. 4rd Ed Wadsworth Publishing Company, California.
Sinaga E. 2015. Seleksi kekeringan in vitro enam belas nomor tanaman terung (Solanum melongena L.) dengan polietilen glikol (The in vitro drought selection in sixteen strains of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) using polyethylene glycol). Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia 6(1):20–28. [Indonesian]. http://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jhi/article/view/9775
Sirait J. 2008. Luas daun, kandungan klorofil dan laju pertumbuhan rumput pada naungan dan pemupukan yang berbeda (The leaf area, chlorophyll content and growth rate in grass under different shading and fertilization treatment). Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 13(2):109–116. [Indonesian]. http://oaji.net/articles/2015/1610-1424400657.pdf
Sopandie D. 2013. Fisiologi adaptasi tanaman terhadap cekaman abiotik pada agroekosistem tropika (Plant physiological adaptation response to abiotic stresses in the tropical agroecosystem). IPB Press, Bogor. [Indonesian]
Tao H, Brueck H, Dittert K, Kreye C, Lin S, Sattelmacher B. 2006. Growth and yield formation for rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the water-saving ground cover rice production system (GCRPS). Field Crops Res 95(1):1–12. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429005000432
Wood AJ. 2005. Plant Abiotic Stress. Blackwell Publishing, India.
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- SONG AI NIO, RISA JUNITA MEREH, DANIEL PETER MANTILEN LUDONG, Short communication: Physiological response to drought in North Sulawesi (Indonesia) local rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars at the tissue level in hydroponic culture , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 22 No. 1 (2021)
- SONG AI NIO, DANIEL PETER MANTILEN LUDONG, RATNA SIAHAAN, Short communication: Pattern of chlorophylls content declined during partial submergence for rice varieties cultivated in North Sulawesi at the vegetative stage , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 23 No. 5 (2022)