Antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of three Selaginella species from Java Island, Indonesia
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Abstract. Miftahudin, Hasibuan RS, Chikmawati T. 2019. Antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of three Selaginella species from Java Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3715-3722. Three Selaginella species, S. ornata, S. plana, and S. willdenowii, from Java Island, Indonesia, have been known to have antioxidant properties; however, in vivo antioxidant activities of these species have not been reported. This research aimed to evaluate the in vivo antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of three Selaginella species. The 70% ethanol extract of three Selaginella species at four different doses was administered to mice one day before being treated with oxidative stress. The liver tissue of mice treated with or without oxidative stress was analyzed their lipid peroxidation by measuring MDA concentration and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activities. The results showed that there were variations in antioxidant activity among the three Selaginella species. In general, the dose of 0.3 g extract kg-1 BW has been able to reduce lipid peroxidation and increase SOD activity. The administration of S. ornata extract to the mice at 1.2 g extract kg-1 BW reduced the MDA concentration to the lowest level, but the same dose of two other Selaginella extracts caused toxic effects in mice. The antioxidant activities of S. ornata and S. plana were better than that of S. willdenowii extract, and among those species, S. ornata has the best antioxidant activity.
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References
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Rahman M, Riaz M, Desai UR. 2007. Synthesis of bologically relevant biflavonoids [review]. Chem Biodivers 4:2495-2527.
Saija A, Scalese M, Lanza M, Marzullo D, Bonina F, Castelli F. 1995. Flavonoids as antioxidant agents: importance of their interaction with biomembranes. Free Radical Bio Med 19:481-486.
Sanchez-Moreno C, Larrauri JA, Saura-Calixto F. 1999. Free radical scavenging capacity an inhibition of lipid oxidation of wines, grape juices and related polyphenolic constituents. Food Res Int 32:407-412.
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Syaefudin, Juniarti A, Rosiyana L, Setyani A, Khodijah S. 2016. Nanoparticles of Selaginella doederleinii leaf extract inhibit human lung cancer cells A549. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 31 012029.
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Weil CS. 1952. Tables for convenient calculation of median effective dose (ld50 or ed50) and instructions for their use. Biometric 8:249?263.
Wijeratne SSK, Cuppett SL, Schlegel V. 2005. Hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress damage and antioxidant enzyme response in caco-2 human colon cells. J Agric Food Chem 53:8768-8774.
Woo ER, Lee JY, Cho IJ, Kim SG, Kang KW. 2005. Amentoflavone inhibits the induction of nitric oxide synthase by inhibiting NF-kappaB activation in macrophages. Pharmacol Res 51:539-546.
Wresdiyati T, Astawan M, Fithriani D, Adnyane IKM, Novelina S, Aryani S. 2007. Pengaruh ?-tokoferol terhadap profil superoksida dismutase dan malondialdehida pada jaringan hati tikus di bawah kondisi stres. J Veteriner 8:202-209.
[BPOM] Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan. 2005. Kriteria dan Tata Laksana Pendaftaran Obat Tradisional, Obat Herbal Terstandar dan Fitofarmaka. BPOM RI, Jakarta. [Indonesian]
Chai TT, Wong FC. 2012. Antioxidant properties of aqueous extracts of Selaginella willdenowii. J Med Plants Res 6:1289-1296.
Chikmawati T, Wijayanto A, Miftahudin. 2009. The potential of Selaginella as antioxidant. Seminar Nasional Biologi XX, Universitas Islam Negeri Malang, Malang, 25 Juli 2009. [Indonesian]
Chikmawati T, Setyawan AD, Miftahudin. 2012. Phytochemical composition of Selaginella spp from Java Island Indonesia. Makara J Sci 16:129-133.
Dawidowicz AL, Wianowska D, Baraniak B. 2006. The antioxidant properties of alcoholic extracts from Sambucus nigra L. (antioxidant properties of extracts). LWT-Food Sci Technol 39: 308–315.
de Oliveira Macêdo LAR, de Oliveira Júnior RG, Souza GR, de Oliveira AP, de Lavor EM, e Silva MG, Pacheco AGM, de Menezes IRA, Coutinho HDM, do Ó Pessoa C, da Costa MP, da Silva Almeida JRG. 2018. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities and evaluation of cytotoxicity of the fractions obtained from Selaginella convoluta (Arn.) Spring (Selaginellaceae). Biotechno Biotechno Equip 32: 506-512.
Garg NK, Khatri P, Gupta S. 2012. Memory enhancing activity of methanolic extract of Selaginella bryopteris in Swiss Albino Mice. Pharmatutor. www.pharmatutor.org.
Gayathri V, Asha V, Subromanian A. 2005. Preliminary studies on the immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties of Selaginella species. Indian J Pharmacol 37:381-385.
Ghasemzadeh A, Omidvar V, Jaafar HZE. 2012. Polyphenolic content and their antioxidant activity in leaf extract of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). J Med Plants Res 6: 2971-2976.
Harmita, Radji M. 2008. Analisis Hayati. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC, Jakarta. [Indonesian]
Hasani P, Yasa N, Vosough-Ghanbari S, Mohammadirad A, Dehghan G, Abdollahi M. 2007. In vivo antioxidant potential of Teucrium polium, as compared to ?-tocopherol. Acta Pharm 57:123-129.
Hutapea JR. 1999. Inventaris Tanaman Obat Indonesia. Jilid V. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. Departemen Kesehatan, Jakarta. [Indonesian]
Irudayaraj V, Janaky M, Johnson M, Selvan N. 2010. Preliminary phytochemical and antimicrobial studies on a spike-moss Selaginella inaequalifolia (hook. & grev.) Spring. Asian Pac J Trop Med 3:957-960.
Joo SS, Jang SK, Kim SG, Choi JS, Hwang KW, Lee do I. 2008. Antimicrobial potential on Propionibacterium acnes. Phytother Res 22:335-339.
Kubo I, Masuoka N, Xiao P, Haraguchi H. 2002. Antioxidant activity of dodecyl gallate. J Agric Food Chem 50:3533-3539.
Kumar A, Kaur R, Arora S. 2010. Free radical scavenging potential of some Indian medicinal plants. J Medicinal Plants Res 4:2034-2042.
Mavundza EJ, Tshikalange TE, Lall N, Hussein AA, Mudau FN, Meyer JJM. 2010. Antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity effect of flavonoids isolated from Athrixia phylicoides. J Med Plant Res 4:2584-2587.
Menvielle-Bourg FJ. 2005. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), a powerful antioxidant, is now available orally. Phytothérapie 3:1-4
Mihara M, Uchiyama M, Fukazawa K. 1980. Thiobarbituric acid value on fresh homogenate of rat as parameter of lipid peroxidation in aging, CCl4 intoxication and vitamin e deficiency. Biochem Med 23:302-311.
Montgomery R, Dryer RL, Conway TW, Spector AA. 1983. Biokimia: Suatu Pendekatan Berorientasi Kasus-Kasus Jilid 1. Diterjemahkan Ismadi M. Penerbit Gajah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta. [Indonesian]
Mukhopadhyay R. 2001. A review of work on the genus Selaginella P. Beauv. Indian Fern J 18:44-54.
Nimse SB, Pal D. 2015. Free radicals, natural antioxidants, and their reaction mechanisms. RSC Adv 5:27986–28006
Nio KO. 1989. Zat-zat toksik yang secara alamiah ada pada bahan makanan nabati. J Cermin Dunia Kedokteran 58:24–28.
Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. 1979. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 95:351–358.
Orellana M, Fuentes O, Rosenbluth H, Lara M, Valdes F. 1992. Modulatios of rats liver peroxisomal and microsomal fatty acids oxidation by starvation. FEBS 310:193–196.
Rahman M, Riaz M, Desai UR. 2007. Synthesis of bologically relevant biflavonoids [review]. Chem Biodivers 4:2495-2527.
Saija A, Scalese M, Lanza M, Marzullo D, Bonina F, Castelli F. 1995. Flavonoids as antioxidant agents: importance of their interaction with biomembranes. Free Radical Bio Med 19:481-486.
Sanchez-Moreno C, Larrauri JA, Saura-Calixto F. 1999. Free radical scavenging capacity an inhibition of lipid oxidation of wines, grape juices and related polyphenolic constituents. Food Res Int 32:407-412.
Seigler DS. 1998. Plant Secondary Metabolism. Kluwer, Dodrecht.
Sivaraman A, Johnson M, Parimelazhagan T, Irudayaraj V. 2013. Evaluation of antioxidant potential of ethanolic extracts of selected species of Selaginella. IJNPR 4:238-244.
Syaefudin, Juniarti A, Rosiyana L, Setyani A, Khodijah S. 2016. Nanoparticles of Selaginella doederleinii leaf extract inhibit human lung cancer cells A549. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 31 012029.
Wang G, Yao S, Zhang X, Song H. 2015. Rapid screening and structural characterization of antioxidants from the extract of Selaginella doederleinii Hieron with DPPH-UPLC-Q-TOF/MS method. Int J Anal Chem http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ 2015/849769.
Weil CS. 1952. Tables for convenient calculation of median effective dose (ld50 or ed50) and instructions for their use. Biometric 8:249?263.
Wijeratne SSK, Cuppett SL, Schlegel V. 2005. Hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress damage and antioxidant enzyme response in caco-2 human colon cells. J Agric Food Chem 53:8768-8774.
Woo ER, Lee JY, Cho IJ, Kim SG, Kang KW. 2005. Amentoflavone inhibits the induction of nitric oxide synthase by inhibiting NF-kappaB activation in macrophages. Pharmacol Res 51:539-546.
Wresdiyati T, Astawan M, Fithriani D, Adnyane IKM, Novelina S, Aryani S. 2007. Pengaruh ?-tokoferol terhadap profil superoksida dismutase dan malondialdehida pada jaringan hati tikus di bawah kondisi stres. J Veteriner 8:202-209.
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