Short Communication: Callus induction in purple and white-purple varieties of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq.
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Abstract. Faramayuda F, Mariani TS, Elfahmi, Sukrasno. 2020. Short Communication: Callus induction in purple and white-purple varieties of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. Biodiversitas 21: 4967-4972. Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. are known to have many benefits, including stimulating urine expenditure (diuretics) and dissolving kidney stones. O. aristatus widely planted in Indonesia are purple and white-purple. The main secondary metabolite components of O. aristatus are sinensetin, rosmarinic acid, and eupatorin. One of the initial steps to increase secondary metabolites in O. aristatus is by induction of callus using plant tissue, which later can be developed into a culture suspension for secondary metabolites. The materials used are the leaf of two varieties of O. aristatus that have been sterilized and grown on Murashige and Skoog media with growth regulatory 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid at a concentration of 0.4;1.0; 2.0 mg/L. The identification of secondary metabolites of callus was carried out by thin-layer chromatography. The best growth regulating agent for callus induction on the leaves of purple and white-purple varieties of O. aristatus is 2,4-D 0.4 mg/L on Murashige and Skoog media. These media can grow callus at a faster time, friable, and slightly white-yellow color. The identification of secondary metabolites in callus acetone extract showed the presence of sinensetin and rosmarinic acid.
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References
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Adam Y, Somchit MN, Sulaiman MR, Nasaruddin AA, Zuraini A, Bustamam AA, Zakaria ZA. 2009. Diuretic properties of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth., Journal of Ethnopharmacology 124(1): 154–158.
Adnyana IK, Setiawan F, Insanu M. 2013. From Ethnopharmacology To Clinical Study of Orthosiphon Stamineus Benth, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5(3).
Akowuah G, Ismail Z, Norhayati I, Sadikun A, Mohd K. 2004. Sinensetin, eupatorin, 3?-hydroxy-5, 6, 7, 4?-tetramethoxyflavone and rosmarinic acid contents and antioxidative effect of Orthosiphon stamineus from Malaysia, Food Chemistry 87 : 559–566.
Ali H, Karsani SA, Othman R, Yaacob JS. 2017. Production of coloured callus in Orthosiphon stamineus Benth and antioxidant properties of the extracted pigments. Pigment & Resin Technology.
Alshawsh M, Abdulla M, Ismail S, Amin Z, Qader SA, Hadi H, Harmal, N. 2012. Free Radical Scavenging, Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Activities of Orthosiphon stamineus. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 17: 5385–5395.
Anggraeni and Triantoro A. 1992. The main content of the cat's whiskers, Proceedings of the Scientific Communication Forum, Research and Development Center for Industrial Plants, Bogor.
Arafat OM, Tham S., Sadikun A, Zhar I, Haughton P J, Asmawi M Z. 2008. Studies on diuretic and hypouricemic effects of Orthosiphon stamineus methanol extracts in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 118: 354–360.
Awale S, Tezuka Y, Banskota A, Shimoji S, Taira K, Kadota, S. 2002. Norstaminane- and isopimarane-type diterpenes of Orthosiphon stamineus from Okinawa. Tetrahedron 58 : 5503–5512.
Bokhari RA, Tantowi NACA, Lau SF, Mohamed S. 2018. Java Tea (Orthosiphon stamineus) protected against osteoarthritis by mitigating inflammation and cartilage degradation: a preclinical study. Inflammopharmacology 26(4): 939–949.
Bordbar L, Subramaniam S, Jelodar NB, Chan LK. 2015. Effects of abiotic factors on cell biomass and rosmarinic acid production in cell suspension cultures of Orthosiphon Stamineus benth. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 27(10): 756–762.
Chen C P, Lin CC, Namba T. 1989. Screening of Taiwanese crude drugs for antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 27(3): 285–295.
Craciun M, Cretu G, Miricioiu M, Birloiu A, Clej DD, Nechifor A. 2014. Identification, Separation and Quantification of Rosmarinic Acid from Extract of Orthosiphon by HPTLC. Revista de Chimie 65: 621–626.
Febjislami S, Kurniawati A, Melati M, Wahyu Y. 2019. Morphological characters, flowering and seed germination of the Indonesian medicinal plant Orthosiphon aristatus. Biodiversitas 20: 328–337.
George A, Chinnappan S, Choudhary Y, Choudhary V K, Bommu P, Wong HJ. 2015. Effects of a Proprietary Standardized Orthosiphon stamineus Ethanolic Leaf Extract on Enhancing Memory in Sprague Dawley Rats Possibly via Blockade of Adenosine A 2A Receptors. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
Guo Z, Liang X, Xie Y. 2019. Qualitative and quantitative analysis on the chemical constituents in Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 164: 135–147.
Halim N H, Pauzi N, Hamil SHR, Shafaei A, Ismail Z, Mohd, KS. 2017. Standardization of Orthoshiphon stamineus Raw Material and Extracts for Anti-Uterine Fibroid. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 9(4): 512–515.
Ho C, Noryati I, Sulaiman S, Rosma A. 2010. In vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. extracts against food-borne bacteria. Food Chemistry 122(4): 1168–1172.
Hossain M A and Ismail Z. 2016. Quantification and enrichment of sinensetin in the leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus, Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 9: S1338–S1341.
Hossain M. A, Ismail Z, Rahma, A, Kang S C. 2007. Chemical composition and anti-fungal properties of the essential oils and crude extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth, Industrial Crops and Products 7: 328–334.
Kar B, Choo M, Kundap UP, Kumari Y, Hue S, Othman I, Shaikh MF. 2018. Orthosiphon stamineus Leaf Extract Affects TNF- ? and Seizures in a Zebrafish Model. Frontiers in Pharmacology 9(February): 1–11.
Lai Keng C and Poay Siong L. 2006. Morphological Similarities and Differences between the Two Varieties of Cat`s Whiskers (Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.) grown in Malaysia, International Journal of Botany, 2. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijb.2006.1.6
Lee WL and Chan L. 2004a. Plant regeneration from stem nodal segments of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth., a medicinal plant with diuretic activity, In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant 40: 115–118.
Lee WL and Chan L. 2004b. Establishment of Orthosiphon stamineus Cell Suspension Culture for Cell Growth, Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. (January): 101–106.
Lee W. 2004): Micropropagation and cell culture of misai kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.) and detection of rosmarinic acid in the in vitro cultures.Thesis Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Maheswari, C., Maryammal, R. and Venkatanarayanan, R. (2008) Hepatoprotective Activity of ‘Orthosiphon stamineus’ on Liver Damage Caused by Paracetamol in Rats, Jordan J Biol Sci.
Matsubara T, Bohgaki T, Watarai M, Suzuki H, Ohashi K, Shibuya H. 1999. Antihypertensive Actions of Methylripariochromene A from Orthosiphon aristatus, an Indonesian Traditional Medicinal Plant., Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 22.
Mohamed E, Mohamed AJ, Abdullah M, Sadikun A, Saad Ebrika O, Yam, M. 2011. Antihyperglycemic Effect of Orthosiphon Stamineus Benth Leaves Extract and Its Bioassay-Guided Fractions. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 16: 3787–3801.
Muhammad H, Sulaiman SA, Ismail Z, Paumgartten FJR. 2013. Study on the developmental toxicity of a standardized extract of Orthosiphon stamineus in rats. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - BrazilianJournal of Pharmacognosy, 23(3): 513–520.
Olah N, Radu L, Mogos C. 2003. Phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Orthosiphon stamineus Benth ( Lamiaceae ) hydroalcoholic extracts. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 33: 117–123.
Padua LS De, Bunyapraphatsara N, Publishers B. 1999. Plant Resources of South-East Asia, 12.
Pauzi N, Mohd KS, Abdul Halim NH, Ismail Z. 2018. Orthosiphon stamineus Extracts Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Uterine Fibroid Cells. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention?: APJCP 19(10): 2737–2744.
Premgamone A, Sriboonlue P, Disatapornjaroen W, Maskasem S, Sinsupan N, Apinives C. 2001. A long-term study on the efficacy of a herbal plant, Orthosiphon grandiflorus, and sodium potassium citrate in renal calculi treatment. The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 32(3): 654–660.
Ripim M, Fazil N, Ibrahim K, Bahtiar A, Wai C, Ibrahim N, Nor M. 2018. Antiviral Properties of Orthosiphon stamineus Aqueous Extract in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infected Cells. Sains Malaysiana 47(8): 1725–1730.
Sahib H, Ismail Z, NHO, Abdul Majid AMS. 2009. Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. Methanolic Extract Enhances the Anti-Proliferative Effects of Tamoxifen on Human Hormone Dependent Breast Cancer, International Journal of Pharmacology, 5.
Sriplang K, Adisakwattana S, Rungsipipat A, Yibchok-Anun S. 2007. Effects of Orthosiphon stamineus aqueous extract on plasma glucose concentration and lipid profile in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 109(3): 510–514.
Trisilawati, O. 2005. Response of Three Cat Whiskers (Orthosipon Aristatus) Against Mycorrhizal Arbuscula. Vol 16, No 1 (2005): Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah Dan Obat Vol 16 No. 1
Yam M, Basir R, Abdullah M, Ismail Z. 2007. Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth., The American journal of Chinese medicine 35:115–126.
Yam MF, Ang LF, Salman IM, Ameer OZ, Lim V, Ong LM, Ahmad M, Asmawi MZ, Basir R. 2009. Orthosiphon stamineus Leaf Extract Protects Against Ethanol-Induced Gastropathy in Rats, Journal Of Medicinal Food 12(5): 1089–1097.
Yuniarto ARI, Susilawati E, Khairunnisa I, Juanda D, Setiawan F. 2017. Antioxidant And Gastric Ulcer Healing Effect Of Orthosiphon Stamineus ( Benth .) Leaves Extract In Aspirin-Induced Rats. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 10(2): 2–4.
Zulkarnain, Z. 2009. Plant Tissue Culture: Solution for Propagation of Cultivation Plants, Bumi Aksara, Jakarta.
Abraika OSS, Atangwho I.J, Sadikun A, Asmawi MZ, Hussain, EA. 2012. In vitro activity-guided vasodilatory effect of Orthosiphon stamineus leaves. Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine 2(3): 255–261.
Adam Y, Somchit MN, Sulaiman MR, Nasaruddin AA, Zuraini A, Bustamam AA, Zakaria ZA. 2009. Diuretic properties of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth., Journal of Ethnopharmacology 124(1): 154–158.
Adnyana IK, Setiawan F, Insanu M. 2013. From Ethnopharmacology To Clinical Study of Orthosiphon Stamineus Benth, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5(3).
Akowuah G, Ismail Z, Norhayati I, Sadikun A, Mohd K. 2004. Sinensetin, eupatorin, 3?-hydroxy-5, 6, 7, 4?-tetramethoxyflavone and rosmarinic acid contents and antioxidative effect of Orthosiphon stamineus from Malaysia, Food Chemistry 87 : 559–566.
Ali H, Karsani SA, Othman R, Yaacob JS. 2017. Production of coloured callus in Orthosiphon stamineus Benth and antioxidant properties of the extracted pigments. Pigment & Resin Technology.
Alshawsh M, Abdulla M, Ismail S, Amin Z, Qader SA, Hadi H, Harmal, N. 2012. Free Radical Scavenging, Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Activities of Orthosiphon stamineus. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 17: 5385–5395.
Anggraeni and Triantoro A. 1992. The main content of the cat's whiskers, Proceedings of the Scientific Communication Forum, Research and Development Center for Industrial Plants, Bogor.
Arafat OM, Tham S., Sadikun A, Zhar I, Haughton P J, Asmawi M Z. 2008. Studies on diuretic and hypouricemic effects of Orthosiphon stamineus methanol extracts in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 118: 354–360.
Awale S, Tezuka Y, Banskota A, Shimoji S, Taira K, Kadota, S. 2002. Norstaminane- and isopimarane-type diterpenes of Orthosiphon stamineus from Okinawa. Tetrahedron 58 : 5503–5512.
Bokhari RA, Tantowi NACA, Lau SF, Mohamed S. 2018. Java Tea (Orthosiphon stamineus) protected against osteoarthritis by mitigating inflammation and cartilage degradation: a preclinical study. Inflammopharmacology 26(4): 939–949.
Bordbar L, Subramaniam S, Jelodar NB, Chan LK. 2015. Effects of abiotic factors on cell biomass and rosmarinic acid production in cell suspension cultures of Orthosiphon Stamineus benth. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 27(10): 756–762.
Chen C P, Lin CC, Namba T. 1989. Screening of Taiwanese crude drugs for antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 27(3): 285–295.
Craciun M, Cretu G, Miricioiu M, Birloiu A, Clej DD, Nechifor A. 2014. Identification, Separation and Quantification of Rosmarinic Acid from Extract of Orthosiphon by HPTLC. Revista de Chimie 65: 621–626.
Febjislami S, Kurniawati A, Melati M, Wahyu Y. 2019. Morphological characters, flowering and seed germination of the Indonesian medicinal plant Orthosiphon aristatus. Biodiversitas 20: 328–337.
George A, Chinnappan S, Choudhary Y, Choudhary V K, Bommu P, Wong HJ. 2015. Effects of a Proprietary Standardized Orthosiphon stamineus Ethanolic Leaf Extract on Enhancing Memory in Sprague Dawley Rats Possibly via Blockade of Adenosine A 2A Receptors. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
Guo Z, Liang X, Xie Y. 2019. Qualitative and quantitative analysis on the chemical constituents in Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 164: 135–147.
Halim N H, Pauzi N, Hamil SHR, Shafaei A, Ismail Z, Mohd, KS. 2017. Standardization of Orthoshiphon stamineus Raw Material and Extracts for Anti-Uterine Fibroid. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 9(4): 512–515.
Ho C, Noryati I, Sulaiman S, Rosma A. 2010. In vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. extracts against food-borne bacteria. Food Chemistry 122(4): 1168–1172.
Hossain M A and Ismail Z. 2016. Quantification and enrichment of sinensetin in the leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus, Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 9: S1338–S1341.
Hossain M. A, Ismail Z, Rahma, A, Kang S C. 2007. Chemical composition and anti-fungal properties of the essential oils and crude extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth, Industrial Crops and Products 7: 328–334.
Kar B, Choo M, Kundap UP, Kumari Y, Hue S, Othman I, Shaikh MF. 2018. Orthosiphon stamineus Leaf Extract Affects TNF- ? and Seizures in a Zebrafish Model. Frontiers in Pharmacology 9(February): 1–11.
Lai Keng C and Poay Siong L. 2006. Morphological Similarities and Differences between the Two Varieties of Cat`s Whiskers (Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.) grown in Malaysia, International Journal of Botany, 2. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijb.2006.1.6
Lee WL and Chan L. 2004a. Plant regeneration from stem nodal segments of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth., a medicinal plant with diuretic activity, In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant 40: 115–118.
Lee WL and Chan L. 2004b. Establishment of Orthosiphon stamineus Cell Suspension Culture for Cell Growth, Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. (January): 101–106.
Lee W. 2004): Micropropagation and cell culture of misai kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.) and detection of rosmarinic acid in the in vitro cultures.Thesis Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Maheswari, C., Maryammal, R. and Venkatanarayanan, R. (2008) Hepatoprotective Activity of ‘Orthosiphon stamineus’ on Liver Damage Caused by Paracetamol in Rats, Jordan J Biol Sci.
Matsubara T, Bohgaki T, Watarai M, Suzuki H, Ohashi K, Shibuya H. 1999. Antihypertensive Actions of Methylripariochromene A from Orthosiphon aristatus, an Indonesian Traditional Medicinal Plant., Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 22.
Mohamed E, Mohamed AJ, Abdullah M, Sadikun A, Saad Ebrika O, Yam, M. 2011. Antihyperglycemic Effect of Orthosiphon Stamineus Benth Leaves Extract and Its Bioassay-Guided Fractions. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 16: 3787–3801.
Muhammad H, Sulaiman SA, Ismail Z, Paumgartten FJR. 2013. Study on the developmental toxicity of a standardized extract of Orthosiphon stamineus in rats. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - BrazilianJournal of Pharmacognosy, 23(3): 513–520.
Olah N, Radu L, Mogos C. 2003. Phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Orthosiphon stamineus Benth ( Lamiaceae ) hydroalcoholic extracts. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 33: 117–123.
Padua LS De, Bunyapraphatsara N, Publishers B. 1999. Plant Resources of South-East Asia, 12.
Pauzi N, Mohd KS, Abdul Halim NH, Ismail Z. 2018. Orthosiphon stamineus Extracts Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Uterine Fibroid Cells. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention?: APJCP 19(10): 2737–2744.
Premgamone A, Sriboonlue P, Disatapornjaroen W, Maskasem S, Sinsupan N, Apinives C. 2001. A long-term study on the efficacy of a herbal plant, Orthosiphon grandiflorus, and sodium potassium citrate in renal calculi treatment. The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 32(3): 654–660.
Ripim M, Fazil N, Ibrahim K, Bahtiar A, Wai C, Ibrahim N, Nor M. 2018. Antiviral Properties of Orthosiphon stamineus Aqueous Extract in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infected Cells. Sains Malaysiana 47(8): 1725–1730.
Sahib H, Ismail Z, NHO, Abdul Majid AMS. 2009. Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. Methanolic Extract Enhances the Anti-Proliferative Effects of Tamoxifen on Human Hormone Dependent Breast Cancer, International Journal of Pharmacology, 5.
Sriplang K, Adisakwattana S, Rungsipipat A, Yibchok-Anun S. 2007. Effects of Orthosiphon stamineus aqueous extract on plasma glucose concentration and lipid profile in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 109(3): 510–514.
Trisilawati, O. 2005. Response of Three Cat Whiskers (Orthosipon Aristatus) Against Mycorrhizal Arbuscula. Vol 16, No 1 (2005): Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah Dan Obat Vol 16 No. 1
Yam M, Basir R, Abdullah M, Ismail Z. 2007. Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth., The American journal of Chinese medicine 35:115–126.
Yam MF, Ang LF, Salman IM, Ameer OZ, Lim V, Ong LM, Ahmad M, Asmawi MZ, Basir R. 2009. Orthosiphon stamineus Leaf Extract Protects Against Ethanol-Induced Gastropathy in Rats, Journal Of Medicinal Food 12(5): 1089–1097.
Yuniarto ARI, Susilawati E, Khairunnisa I, Juanda D, Setiawan F. 2017. Antioxidant And Gastric Ulcer Healing Effect Of Orthosiphon Stamineus ( Benth .) Leaves Extract In Aspirin-Induced Rats. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 10(2): 2–4.
Zulkarnain, Z. 2009. Plant Tissue Culture: Solution for Propagation of Cultivation Plants, Bumi Aksara, Jakarta.