Pharmacognostic, chemical and mucolytic activity study of Malva pseudolavatera Webb & Berthel. and Malva sylvestris L. (Malvaceae) leaf extracts, grown in Ecuador
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MIGDALIA MIRANDA-MARTÍNEZ
♥
GLENDA MARCELA SARMIENTO-TOMALÁ
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5877-5437
IVÁN ANDRÉS CHÓEZ-GUARANDA
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2603-9491
YAMILET IRENE GUTIÉRREZ-GAITÉN
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8885-4849
RENÉ DELGADO-HERNÁNDEZ
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7051-7871
GABRIELA CARRILLO-LAVID
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5877-5437
Abstract
Abstract. Sarmiento-Tomalá GM, Miranda-Martínez M, Chóez-Guaranda IA, Gutiérrez-Gaitén YI, Delgado-Hernández R, Carrillo-Lavid G. 2020. Pharmacognostic, chemical and mucolytic activity study of Malva pseudolavatera Webb & Berthel. and Malva sylvestris L. (Malvaceae) leaf extracts, grown in Ecuador. Biodiversitas 21: 4755-4763. Among the cultivated and/or native plant species of Ecuador, are those belonging to Malvaceae. Of these, the most traditionally used are Malva pseudolavatera Webb & Berthel. and Malva sylvestris L., which are grown and sold in indigenous markets. Various articles have been published for M. sylvestris about its chemical composition and pharmacological properties; however, M. pseudolavatera lacks references and is the most commercialized in Ecuador. Therefore, this work sets the following objective: To carry out a comparative study of the pharmacognostic, chemical and mucolytic activity of the species M. pseudolavatera and M. sylvestris. The species studied were collected in the province of Chimborazo. Extracts were obtained with different solvents: water, hexane and 80% ethanol. The aqueous extract was used to determine the mucolytic activity; the hexane and alcoholic extracts were analyzed by the coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system. It was found that M. pseudolavatera has a very similar chemical composition to M. sylvestris; The presence of fatty acids, di and triterpenoids, phytosterols and abundant amino acids was detected. Both species showed an important mucolytic effect, the activity of M. pseudolavatera being higher than the highest doses tested. These studies provide scientific data that allow demonstrating the high potentiality of extracts from the leaves of two Malva species as sources of plant material for possible research and development of phytotherapeutic products with mucolytic and gastroprotective activity in correspondence with their uses in traditional Ecuadorian herbal medicine.
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Barros L, Carvalho AM, Ferreira ICFR. 2010. Leaves, flowers, immature fruits and leafy flowered stems of Malva sylvestris: a comparative study of the nutraceutical potential and composition. Food Chem Toxicol. 48(6):1466–72. DOI: 10.1016 / j.fct.2010.03.012.
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Blunden G, Patel AV, Armstrong NJ, Gorham J. 2001. Betaine distribution in the Malvaceae. Phytochemistry 58: 451-454. DOI: 10.1016 / s0031-9422 (01) 00263-1
Bombón N, & Albuja M. 2014. Diseño de una Planta de Saponificación para el Aprovechamiento del Aceite Vegetal de Desecho. Revista Politécnica. 34(1):22. Aviable at: https://revistapolitecnica.epn.edu.ec/ojs2/index.php/revista_politecnica2 /article/view/ 304 (accessed 15 may 2020).
Carretero ME & Ortega T. 2017. Plantas Medicinales Antitusivas. Panoranama actual del medicamento. 41(405):692-697. Available at: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6086788. (accessed 05 july 2020).
Chang C, Yang M, Wen H, Chern J. 2002. Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of food and drug analysis. 10(3):178-182. DOI: 10.38212 / 2224-6614.2748
Chlopicka J, Pasko P, Gorinstein S, Jedryas A, Zagrodzki P. 2012. Total phenolic and total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity and sensory evaluation of pseudocereal breads. LWT- Food Science and Technology. 46: 548-555. DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2011.11.009
Classen B, Blaschek W. 2002. An arabinogalactan-protein from cell culture of Malva sylvestris. Planta Med. 68(3):232–6. DOI: 10.1055 / s-2002-23127
Commission CP. 2015. Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. Chinese Medical Science and Technology Press. Peking. 337.
de la Torre L, Navarrete H, Muriel PM, Macía MJ, Balslev H. 2008. Enciclopedia de las Plantas Útiles del Ecuador. Herbario QCA & Herbario AAU. Quito & Aarhus, Quito. 1-3.
Dipak P. 2016. a Review on Biological Activities of Common Mallow (Malva sylvestris L.). Innovare J Life Sci. 4(4):1–5. Available from: https://innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ijls/article/view/14809. (accessed 25 june 2020).
Elsagh M, Fartookzadeh MR, Kamalinejad M, Anushiravani M, Feizi A, Behbahani FA, et al. 2015. Efficacy of the Malva sylvestris L. flowers aqueous extract for functional constipation: A placebo-controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract.;21(2):105–11. DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2015.02.003
EMA/HMPC. 2018. Assessment report on Malva sylvestris L . and / or Malva neglecta Wallr ., folium and Malva sylvestris L ., flos. Products C on HM, editor. Vol. 44. European Medicines Agency. London. 4–38 p. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-report/final-assessment-report-malva-sylvestris-l/malva-neglecta-wallr-folium-malva-sylvestris-l-flos-first-version_en.pdf (accessed 05 july 2020).
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Gasparetto JC, Ferreira MCA, Hayashia SS, Fleith OM, Pontarolo R. 2012. Ethnobotanical and scientific aspects of Malva sylvestris L.: a millennial herbal medicine. J Pharm Pharmacol 64 (2): 172-189. DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158. 2011. 01383.x.
Gimeno J. 2000. Malva (Malva sylvestris L.). Medicina Naturista. 2:109-111.
Giombelli LF, Horn AC, Colacite J. 2012. Perfil fitoquímico e actividade antimicrobiana das folhas de Malva sylvestris (Malvaceae). Revista de Biologia e Saúde da Unisep. 5(2):17-22. Available from: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4748133 (accessed 05 july 2020).
Hiçsönmez Ü, Eree? FS, Özdemir C, Özdemir A, Çam S. 2009.Determination of major and minor elements in the Malva sylvestris L. from turkey using ICP-OES techniques. Biol Trace Elem Res. 128(3):248–57. DOI: 10.1007 / s12011-008-8270-0.
Hussain L, Ikram J, Rehman K, Tariq M, Ibrahim M, Akash MSH. 2014. Hepatoprotective effects of Malva sylvestris L. against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Turkish J Biol. 38(3):396–402. DOI: 10.3906 / biy-1312-32.
Jabri M-A, Wannes D, Hajji N, Sakly M, Marzouki L, Sebai H. 2017. Role of laxative and antioxidant properties of Malva sylvestris leaves in constipation treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 89:29–35. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.020.
Lim TK. 2016. Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants, flowers. Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants. Springer Nature. Vol. 9: 1–659.
Lou Zhi-cen. 1980. General control methods for vegetable drugs. Comparative study of methods included in thirteen pharmacopoeias a proposal on their international unification. WHO/PHARM/80.502:8-39.
Matera S, Ragone I & Consolini A. 2015. Farmacología Experimental de Plantas Medicinales y Fitoterapia: Enseñanza del Método Científico a Estudiantes de Farmacia. In: IV Jornadas de Enseñanza e Investigación Educativa en el campo de las Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. La Plata: Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. p. 1-10. Available from: http://jornadasceyn.fahce.unlp.edu.ar/convocatoria. (accessed 05 july 2020)
Memnune S, Hilal Y, Neva G, Bulent C, Zeynep E and Sezai E. 2009. Total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of some medicinal plants. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 22(1):102-106. Available from: http:// Dialnet-PerfilFitoquimicoEAtividadeAntimicrobianaDasFolhas-4748133.pdf (accessed 05 july 2020).
Miranda MM, Cuéllar AC. 2012. Farmacognosia y productos naturales. [Pharmacognosy and natural products]. Editorial Félix Varela. Segunda edición, La Habana.135-145, 261-280.
Miranda MM, Cuéllar AC. 2000. Manual de prácticas de laboratorio. Farmacognosia y productos naturales. Ciudad Habana, 25-49, 74-79.
Mofid B, Rezaeizadeh H, Jaladat AM, Atarzadeh F, Moeini R, Motevalian A, et al. 2015. Preventive effect of Malva on urinary toxicity after radiation therapy in prostate cancer patients: A multi-centric, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Electron Physician 7 (5): 1220-1226. DOI: 10.14661/1220.
Mohajer S, Taha RM, Ramli R Bin, Mohajer M. 2016. Phytochemical constituents and radical scavenging properties of Borago officinalis and Malva sylvestris. Ind Crops Prod. 94:673–81. DOI: 10.1016 / j.indcrop.2016.09.045.
Najjaa H, Arfa AB, Doria E, Boubakri A, Trabelsi N, Falleh H, et al. 2020. Phenolic composition of some Tunisian medicinal plants associated with anti-proliferative effect on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. The EuroBiotech Journal 4(2):104-112. DOI: 10.2478/ebtj-2020-0012
Nasiri E, Hosseinimehr SJ, Azadbakht M, Akbari J, Enayati-Fard R, Azizi S. 2015. Effect of Malva sylvestris cream on burn injury and wounds in rats. Avicenna J Phytomed 5 (4):341-354. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4587603/ (accessed 05 july 2020).
Noori S, Sadr M, Khanehzad M & Roholahi S. 2013. Comparative effects of Alcea sulphurea and Bromhexine HCL on mucociliary system of chicken trachea. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 48(12):54-61. Available from: https://www.magiran.com/paper/1223360?lang=en. (accessed 05 july 2020).
Panche AN, Diwan AD, Chandra SR. 2016. Flavonoids: an overview, J Nutr Sci. 5 (47):1-15. DOI: 10.1017 / jns.2016.41
Pardo M, Morales R, Aceituno L & MM. 2014. Malva sylvestris L. In: Inventario Español de los Conocimientos Tradicionales relativos a la Biodiversidad. 1st ed. Madrid. Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente. 235–9. Available from:
http://www.rjb.csic.es/jardinbotanico/ficheros/documentos/pdf/pubinv/RMV/387-394lECT.pdf (accessed 05 july 2020)
Pourmorad F, Hosseinimerhr SJ, Shahabimajd N. 2006. Antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoid contents of some selected Iranian medicinal plants. African Journal of Biotechnology. 5(11): 1142-1145. Available from: https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJB/article-full-text-pdf/88F26B26610. (accessed 05 july 2020).
Prudente AS, Loddi AMV, Duarte MR, Santos ARS, Pochapski MT, Pizzolatti MG, et al. 2013. Pre-clinical anti-inflammatory aspects of a cuisine and medicinal millennial herb: Malva sylvestris L. Food Chem Toxicol. 58:324-331. DOI: 10.1016 / j.fct.2013.04.042.
Razavi SM, Zarrini G, Molavi G, Ghasemi G. 2011. Bioactivity of Malva sylvestris L., a medicinal plant from Iran. Iran J Basic Med Sci 14 (6): 574-579. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3586856/. (accessed 05 july 2020).
Saad A Ben, Rjeibi I, Alimi H, Ncib S, Smida A, Zouari N, et al. 2017. Lithium induced, oxidative stress and related damages in testes and heart in male rats: The protective effects of Malva sylvestris extract. Biomed Pharmacother. 86:127–35. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.004.
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