International Journal of Bonorowo Wetlands
Encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all topics relevant to freshwater, brackish and marine coastal ecosystems, include zoology, botany, ecology, geology, sedimentology, hydrology, biogeochemistry; waste water disposal; as well as management, laws and regulations, policy and economics.
The journal is committed to free-open access that does not charge readers or their institutions for access. Readers are entitled to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles, as long as not for commercial purposes. The license type is CC-BY-NC-SA.
Structural sustainability imbalances in community-managed mangrove ecosystems in Central Java, Indonesia
Abstract. Iftitani MA, Dewi MPS, Sheliana MS, Hapsari M, Wahyuni T, Yap CK, Setyawan AD. 2025. Spatio-temporal changes in mangrove density and cover in Sriwulan and Pasar Banggi-Tireman, Central Java, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 15: 130-139. Mangrove ecosystems play a strategic role in supporting ecological integrity, coastal protection, and socio-economic resilience in tropical coastal landscapes by providing essential ecosystem services such as shoreline stabilization, biodiversity support, and livelihood resources for coastal communities. Despite their importance, mangrove systems continue to face sustainability challenges driven by anthropogenic pressures, including land-use conversion, aquaculture expansion, and weak governance arrangements. Existing assessments of mangrove sustainability have predominantly adopted sectoral approaches that emphasize either ecological or socio-economic dimensions in isolation, limiting the ability to diagnose cross-dimensional interactions and structural conditions in which progress in one dimension coexists with persistent constraints in others. As a result, structural sustainability imbalances remain insufficiently examined, particularly in community-managed mangrove systems. This study diagnoses structural sustainability imbalance in a community-managed mangrove ecosystem in Kartika Jaya Village, Central Java, Indonesia, using a cross-sectional, single-site design. A multidimensional assessment was conducted using the Rapid Appraisal for Mangrove Forest (RAP-MForest) method, applying Multidimensional Scaling, leverage analysis, and Monte Carlo simulation. Rather than functioning solely as an evaluative index, RAP-MForest was applied as a diagnostic framework to examine relative performance and sensitivity across ecological, economic, and social dimensions. The results indicate that the ecological (68.16) and social (73.87) dimensions exhibit fairly sustainable conditions, supported by moderate ecosystem resilience and strong community awareness and participation. In contrast, the economic dimension (41.93) shows substantially weaker performance, reflecting limited economic utilization, funding constraints, and weak integration with local development. This cross-dimensional disparity produces a clear structural sustainability imbalance, in which economic underperformance constrains overall system coherence. Conceptually, this study advances sustainability assessment by framing sustainability as a configuration of interacting dimensions rather than an average composite score. Practically, the findings highlight the need for management and policy interventions that prioritize economic leverage points to consolidate existing ecological recovery and social capital within community-based mangrove management.
Community-based management, mangrove, multidimensional sustainability, RAP-MForest, structural sustainability imbalance
Copyright (c) 2025 MALFA AMORITA IFTITANI, MARCELLA PARAMITHA SUSILO DEWI, MAULA SHERIN SHELIANA, MELATI HAPSARI, TITI WAHYUNI, CHEE KONG YAP, AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Waterbird diversity and ecological characteristics of montane wetlands in Dieng Plateau, Central Java, Indonesia
Abstract. Agustina AT, Nugroho CKA, Damayanti JT, Dewi R, Yap CK, Iskandar J, Setyawan AD. 2025. Waterbird diversity and ecological characteristics of montane wetlands in Dieng Plateau, Central Java, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 15: 103-120. This study examined waterbird diversity and habitat relationships across three montane wetlands of the Dieng Plateau, Central Java, Indonesia-Telaga Menjer, Telaga Merdada, and Telaga Cebong-during the dry season (June-September 2024), using standardized point count and transect walk methods to document species composition, habitat use, and foraging behavior. A total of 25 waterbird species belonging to 13 families were recorded, with assemblages dominated by Ardeidae, Rallidae, and Alcedinidae. Species richness varied among lakes, being highest at Telaga Menjer (21 species), followed by Telaga Merdada (18 species) and Telaga Cebong (15 species), reflecting gradients of habitat heterogeneity, lake size, and disturbance intensity. Diversity indices indicated moderate Shannon-Wiener values (H′ = 2.18-2.65) and high evenness (E = 0.83-0.91), suggesting relatively balanced community structures across sites. Piscivores (40%) and insectivores (36%) constituted the dominant feeding guilds, highlighting the importance of aquatic prey availability and structurally complex littoral zones. Community similarity analysis revealed moderate overlap among lakes, with Sørensen similarity values ranging from 0.61 to 0.72, and species turnover emerging as the primary component of beta diversity, driven by environmental filtering and spatial isolation. The presence of species of conservation concern, including Aerodramus vulcanorum (Near Threatened and endemic to Java) and Gallinula chloropus, underscores the ecological significance of these wetlands as refugia for both resident and migratory birds. Maintaining littoral vegetation, water quality, and habitat heterogeneity is therefore essential for sustaining avian diversity. Overall, these findings provide the first quantitative baseline for montane wetland avifauna in Java and offer a foundation for integrated management strategies that link habitat protection, sustainable tourism, and community-based monitoring to enhance long-term ecological resilience.
Conservation management, Dieng Plateau, habitat heterogeneity, montane wetland, waterbird diversity
Copyright (c) 2025 AULIA TSALATSA AGUSTINA, CANIA KUSUMA AJI NUGROHO, JULIANATASYA TANTRI DAMAYANTI, ROSITA DEWI, CHEE KONG YAP, JOHAN ISKANDAR, AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Diversity and potential utilization of macrofungi in the riparian area of the Samin River, Central Java, Indonesia
Abstract. Putri RRA, Fajri R, Rahmadhani SE, Salsabila S, Himawan W, Septiasari A, Yap CK, Setyawan AD. 2025. Diversity and potential utilization of macrofungi in the riparian area of the Samin River, Central Java, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 15: 86-102. Macrofungi play essential roles in decomposition, nutrient cycling, and ecosystem functioning, yet their diversity in the riparian habitats of Java (Indonesia) remains poorly documented. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of macrofungal communities along the Samin River, Central Java, covering upstream, middle, and downstream segments. Surveys were conducted in March-April 2024 using belt-transect observations (10 m × 100 m per station) across six locations. All encountered fruiting bodies were recorded, photographed, and identified based on macromorphological and microscopical features, with substrate type categorized into weathered logs (W), leaf litter (L), soil (S), tree bark (T), and animal dung (A). Diversity indices (Shannon–Wiener H', Simpson D, Margalef R, and Evenness E) and substrate distributions were analyzed to evaluate spatial patterns in community structure. A total of 98 macrofungal species belonging to 38 families, 13 orders, and two phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) were confirmed, with Basidiomycota predominating. The most species-rich families were Mycenaceae, Polyporaceae, Marasmiaceae, and Agaricaceae. Species richness was comparable between the upstream and middle sections (41 species each), but the upstream section exhibited the highest ecological diversity as reflected by diversity indices (H' = 3.03, R = 6.40), whereas downstream areas showed lower diversity values (H' = 2.29, R = 3.88). These patterns reflect environmental gradients in humidity, canopy cover, light intensity, and substrate availability along the river continuum. Weathered logs were the most frequently colonized substrate, supporting more than half of all species, including ecologically important lignicolous taxa (e.g., Xylaria, Crepidotus, Cerrena, Schizophyllum). Several species displayed multi-substrate flexibility (e.g., Marasmius elegans), indicating functional adaptability to riparian microhabitats. Edible and medicinal taxa—such as Auricularia auricula-judae, Termitomyces sp., and Schizophyllum commune —highlight the biocultural and biotechnological value of riparian macrofungi. The Samin River corridor serves as a biodiversity reservoir that merits greater conservation attention and provides promising opportunities for sustainable fungal utilization.
Lignicolous fungi, macrofungal diversity, riparian ecosystem, Samin River, substrate ecology
Copyright (c) 2025 RANI RACHMA ASTINING PUTRI, ROIFAH FAJRI, SAKINA ENOVA RAHMADHANI, SIBRINA SALSABILA, WIDHI HIMAWAN, ANISA SEPTIASARI, CHEE KONG YAP, AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Multidimensional sustainability assessment of mangrove forests in the Segara Anakan Lagoon, Central Java, Indonesia
Abstract. Ramadhani G, Wahyuningtyas J, Arifiandita DM, Ayuningtyas HR, Ashila J, Yap CK, Setyawan AD. 2025. Multidimensional sustainability assessment of mangrove forests in the Segara Anakan Lagoon, Central Java, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 15: 71-85. Mangrove ecosystems play a crucial role in supporting biodiversity, coastal protection, and community livelihoods in tropical regions, yet they remain vulnerable to multidimensional pressures. This study assesses the sustainability of mangrove forests in the Segara Anakan Lagoon, Central Java, Indonesia, using a modified Rapfish framework based on Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) across four dimensions: ecological, economic, socio-cultural, and institutional. Data were collected from 115 households in three coastal villages—Ujunggagak, Klaces, and Ujungalang—through structured surveys and field observations. Results show that while the ecological (55.99) and institutional (58.89) dimensions are moderately sustainable, the socio-cultural (42.79) and economic (27.74) aspects remain fairly unsustainable. Leverage analysis identified key sensitive attributes, including salinity regulation, livelihood diversification, community participation, and governance presence. Monte Carlo simulation confirmed model robustness, with an average deviation of only 0.67% across dimensions. The study highlights the imbalance among sustainability dimensions and emphasizes the importance of targeted interventions based on leverage points. These findings offer a practical roadmap for policymakers and coastal managers to enhance integrated mangrove management, potentially leading to significant improvements in the sustainability of mangrove ecosystems. The methodological approach also demonstrates the applicability of the Rapfish tool in complex socio-ecological systems, particularly in data-limited, community-based conservation settings.
Coastal management, leverage analysis, mangrove sustainability, Rapfish, Segara Anakan, socio-ecological systems
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Bonorowo Wetlands http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Wildlife encroachment and local coping strategies in Kampung Laut mangrove villages, Indonesia
Abstract. Azzam AK, Agustina AT, Maulana FA, De Wela SM, Lailasari M, Sugiyarto, Buot Jr. IE, Setyawan AD. 2025. Wildlife encroachment and local coping strategies in Kampung Laut mangrove villages, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 15: 61-70. Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) is an escalating concern in tropical coastal regions, where expanding settlements and agricultural activities increasingly overlap with wildlife habitats. This study examines the types, frequency, impacts, and community responses to wildlife disturbances in three mangrove-edge villages—Ujunggagak, Klaces, and Ujungalang—within Kampung Laut Sub-district, Cilacap, Indonesia. Using semi-structured interviews with 93 respondents, the research employed descriptive statistics and spatial comparisons to analyze patterns of conflict. Wild boars (Sus scrofa), rats (Rattus spp.), and monitor lizards (Varanus salvator) were identified as the most problematic species, frequently damaging crops and livestock and occasionally threatening human safety. Conflict intensity was highest in Klaces Village and peaked during the dry season. Local responses varied from passive tolerance and non-lethal deterrents to more aggressive measures, including poisoning and hunting. Response choices were influenced by gender, occupation, and prior experience. Although external support was limited, communities demonstrated adaptive strategies grounded in traditional knowledge. Nonetheless, the use of harmful methods such as indiscriminate poisoning remains a critical concern. These findings highlight the urgent need for community-based mitigation approaches that are ecologically sustainable and culturally appropriate. Strengthening local awareness, early warning systems, and participatory wildlife monitoring is essential to promote coexistence and biodiversity conservation in mangrove-dependent communities.
Community response, human-wildlife conflict, mangrove village, Sus scrofa
Spatial and temporal dynamics of mangrove cover change in five estuaries along the North Coast of Central Java, Indonesia (2014-2024)
Abstract. Candraningtyas CF, Hafiffah AS, Widowati D, Mardiyanto MB, Saputri AB, Setyawan AD. 2024. Spatial and temporal dynamics of mangrove cover change in five estuaries along the North Coast of Central Java, Indonesia (2014-2024). Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 15: 40-48. Mangrove ecosystems are critical coastal habitats that provide essential ecological services, including shoreline protection, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity support, yet they are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic pressures. This study investigates spatial and temporal changes in mangrove cover from 2014 to 2024 across five estuaries along the north coast of Central Java, Indonesia—Sriwulan, Pemali, Comal, Bodri, and Cisanggarung—using Landsat 8 satellite imagery processed via Google Earth Engine and ArcGIS. Mangrove extents were manually digitized and classified into zones of loss, gain, and stability, with field surveys and photographic documentation employed for validation. Results revealed significant mangrove loss in Sriwulan (-47.03%), Cisanggarung (-50.00%), Comal (-11.31%), and Bodri (-1.59%), driven by land conversion for aquaculture and settlements, destructive fishing practices, and hydrological disruptions. In contrast, the Pemali Estuary exhibited a notable 79.83% increase in mangrove cover, primarily due to sediment accretion and community-led restoration efforts, especially silvofishery-based rehabilitation. The study demonstrates that integrating remote sensing with ground truthing is a robust approach for monitoring mangrove dynamics and identifying localized drivers of change. The contrasting trends across estuaries highlight the heterogeneity of coastal ecosystem responses and underscore the importance of site-specific management strategies. While some estuaries face continued degradation, others show promising signs of recovery, illustrating both the challenges and potential in mangrove conservation. These findings emphasize the urgent need for adaptive coastal management that incorporates ecological monitoring, sustainable land-use planning, and active community participation. As mangrove loss continues globally, this research provides important insights into effective restoration and protection strategies for tropical estuarine environments, offering a model for balancing development and conservation in similar socio-ecological settings across Southeast Asia.
Aquatic insect diversity and spatial distribution in a tropical reservoir ecosystem of Kedungombo, Central Java, Indonesia
Abstract. Taqwim MHA, Mardiyanto MB, Wijayanti M, Wardha’adhlina WA, Putra YM, Mahajoeno E, Indrawan M, Yap CK, Setyawan AD. 2025. Aquatic insect diversity and spatial distribution in a tropical reservoir ecosystem of Kedungombo, Central Java, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 15: 40-48. Aquatic insects are essential components of freshwater ecosystems, functioning as bioindicators and key players in trophic interactions. This study evaluated the species richness, spatial distribution, and ecological roles of aquatic and semi-aquatic insects across three distinct habitat types—forested margins, rice field edges, and open unvegetated shores—within the Kedungombo Reservoir, Central Java, Indonesia. Sampling was carried out during the dry season (September–October 2024) using purposive random sampling and hand net techniques. A total of 16 species representing 4 insect orders and 13 families were identified, with dominant taxa including Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Diplonychus rusticus, Paederus fuscipes, and Chironomus striatipennis. Species richness and diversity indices (Shannon–Wiener, Pielou’s evenness, and Margalef’s richness) varied significantly across habitats, with the rice field edge (Station 2) exhibiting the highest diversity. Predatory insects were the most prevalent functional group, followed by detritivores and generalist omnivores. Several species showed station-specific occurrence, suggesting narrow habitat preferences and potential as ecological indicators. The open shoreline habitat had the lowest richness and was dominated by disturbance-tolerant taxa, while shaded and vegetated zones supported more diverse and specialized assemblages. These findings underscore the ecological significance of microhabitat heterogeneity in maintaining aquatic insect communities within artificial lentic systems. Conservation and management strategies for tropical reservoirs should prioritize habitat complexity and buffer zones to sustain insect-mediated ecosystem functions under increasing anthropogenic pressures.
Aquatic insects, biodiversity, functional groups, habitat heterogeneity, Kedungombo, tropical reservoir
Diversity of aquatic and riparian macrophytes in oxbow streams of the upper Bengawan Solo River, Central Java, Indonesia
Abstract. Rahmawati D, Zahrani D, Naafi DA, Putri DS, Safira RN, Dewangga A, Setyawan AD. 2025. Diversity of aquatic and riparian macrophytes in oxbow streams of the upper Bengawan Solo River, Central Java, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 15: 28-39. Oxbow streams represent dynamic transitional habitats that support diverse aquatic and riparian plant communities. This study investigates the diversity and ecological structure of aquatic and riparian macrophytes in three oxbow streams of the upper Bengawan Solo River, Central Java, Indonesia. A total of 45 species representing 25 families were identified, dominated by amphibious and riparian life forms. Species richness and life form composition varied across sites, reflecting differences in hydrology and habitat heterogeneity. Diversity indices showed the highest richness and evenness in Sidowarno, while Kadokan exhibited lower richness but relatively balanced species distribution. The Importance Value Index (IVI) revealed site-specific dominance by taxa such as Ipomoea aquatica, Commelina diffusa, and Marsilea crenata. Several of these structurally dominant species, including Eichhornia crassipes and Colocasia esculenta, are also recognized as bioaccumulators of heavy metals, highlighting their functional relevance for phytoremediation. Moderate inter-site similarity values (Jaccard index 0.45-0.58) suggest that each oxbow supports a partially distinct macrophyte community. These findings underscore the importance of conserving multiple oxbow units as complementary reservoirs of biodiversity and ecological function in tropical river-floodplain systems.
Macrophyte diversity, oxbow streams, phytoremediation, riparian vegetation, river restoration, tropical wetlands
Spatial assessment of ecotourism potential in the mangrove area of Ujungalang Village, Cilacap District, Central Java, Indonesia
Abstract. Santika YE, Arlysia V, Astuti AR, Putri DS, Puspitosari A, Budiharta S, Yap CK, Setyawan AD. 2025. Spatial assessment of ecotourism potential in the mangrove area of Ujungalang Village, Cilacap District, Central Java, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 15: 7-19. Mangrove ecosystem, with its diverse ecological and economic functions, is a vital provider of ecosystem services that benefit coastal communities, including the potential for ecotourism development, which is considered as win-win solution for conservation and sustainable utilization of natural resources. Ujungalang Village, located in Kampung Laut Sub-district, Cilacap District, Central Java, is one area with significant mangrove potential that can be developed as an ecotourism destination. This study aims to identify potential mangrove ecotourism locations in Ujungalang Village and analyze the physical and social conditions that support the development of mangrove ecotourism in the region. The research was conducted using a quantitative method with a spatial approach, employing Geographic Information System tools and remote sensing data. The spatial analysis technique utilized is overlay, involving scoring and weighting several factors influencing ecotourism potential including slope, temperature, land use, conservation status, population density, elevation, as well as facilities and infrastructure. The study results show that the Ecotourism Potential Index of Ujungalang Village ranges from 3.03 to 156.16, which can be divided into three categories: non-potential, with values of 3.03-33.66 (174.02 ha); low potential, with values of 33.67-64.30 (1,292.52 ha); and highly potential, with values of 125.59-156.16 (5,290.43 ha). The findings of this study can assist tourism planners and government authorities in identifying appropriate locations for ecotourism development, instilling a sense of optimism and hope.
Diversity and morphometry of mangrove species and it’s relation to environmental factors in Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Philippines
Abstract. Punong A, Pentason J, Amores A. 2025. Diversity and morphometry of mangrove species and it’s relation to environmental factors in Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Philippines. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 15: 20-27. Mangroves are a vital component of sustainable marine ecosystems, providing numerous ecosystem services that promote coastal protection, biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration, and water quality improvement. This study focuses on the mangrove species found in Sitio Cabugan, Barangay Busaon, Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Philippines. Result shows that there were seven species in the studied area namely, Avicennia marina, Nypa fruticans, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Sonneratia alba, and Avicennia rumphiana. Avicennia marina had the highest population, with a total of 567, a relative abundance of 70.79% and a cumulative distribution of 74.51, while A. rumphiana had the lowest number with only two individuals and a relative abundance of 0.25% with a cumulative distribution of 74.77. Moreover, it revealed poor species diversity and uneven distribution across the sampling stations. Environmental factors such as water temperature, salinity, and pH were within the normal range for growth and development, with station-specific variations influencing species distribution. Trunk size plays a significant role in structuring site-species interactions, indicating favorable environmental conditions to particular species. Sonneratia alba, R. mucronata, and A. marina showed a preference for stable environments, while B. gymnorhiza and N. fruticans demonstrate adaptability to contrasting conditions. This research underscores the need for conservation strategies and ongoing monitoring to ensure mangrove ecosystem stability and biodiversity preservation.
Community structure, mangrove species vegetation, morphometry, sustainable marine ecosystem, Tagum City
Spatio-temporal changes in mangrove density and cover in Sriwulan and Pasar Banggi-Tireman, Central Java, Indonesia
Abstract. Khawarizmi IA, Syahrani LPW, Luthfia, Fadhilah RN, Hapsari KS, Pradhan P, Sutomo, Setyawan AD. 2025. Spatio-temporal changes in mangrove density and cover in Sriwulan and Pasar Banggi-Tireman, Central Java, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 15: 121-129. Mangrove ecosystems play a critical role in maintaining coastal stability and supporting ecological functions in tropical regions. However, mangrove dynamics often involve subtle internal changes that may not be captured by area-based assessments alone. This study analyzed spatio-temporal changes in mangrove density and land cover in Sriwulan Village (Demak District) and Pasar Banggi-Tireman Villages (Rembang District), Central Java, Indonesia, during the period 2019-2024 using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. Mangrove distribution and density were assessed through Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) classification, and changes were quantified by overlaying spatial data from both observation years. Mangrove density was categorized into low, medium, and high classes, and classification accuracy was supported by ground observations. The results show that total mangrove area in Sriwulan Village increased slightly from 16.75762 ha in 2019 to 16.77258 ha in 2024, representing a net gain of 0.01496 ha (0.09%). This change was accompanied by a marked increase in medium-density mangrove, while low- and high-density classes declined. In contrast, total mangrove area in Pasar Banggi-Tireman Villages decreased marginally from 51.13480 ha to 51.05880 ha, corresponding to a net loss of 0.07600 ha (0.15%). Despite this slight decline, medium- and high-density mangrove areas increased, whereas low-density mangrove decreased substantially. These findings indicate that mangrove ecosystems in both study sites remained spatially stable but underwent internal restructuring of canopy density. The study demonstrates that density-based analysis provides critical additional insight beyond total area change and offers a robust approach for evaluating mangrove dynamics and supporting local-scale monitoring and management.
Mangrove density, NDVI, remote sensing, Sentinel-2, Spatio-temporal analysis
Copyright (c) 2025 IKHLASUL AQMAL KHAWARIZMI, LATHIFA PUTRI WIEDHYA SYAHRANI, LUTHFIA, RIRIN NUR FADHILAH, KARINA SINDY HAPSARI, PRAKASH PRADHAN, SUTOMO, AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Impact of distance from the water body on the point of zero charge of Dutsin-Ma Dam floodplain soils, Katsina State, Nigeria
Abstract. Abdulkadir A, Manne IZ, Sani S. 2025. Impact of distance from the water body on the point of zero charge of Dutsin-Ma Dam floodplain soils, Katsina State, Nigeria. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 15: 1-6. This study investigates the point of zero charge (ZPC) and its influence on soil chemical properties in the floodplain around the Dutsin-Ma Dam. The report rigorously examines how proximity to the dam influences critical soil parameters such as pH changes (?pH), ZPC, and surface potential (?0) across three zones: Onshore, Mid-shore, and Offshore. Soil samples from these three zones were meticulously analyzed to assess variations in these parameters, which are vital for understanding soil fertility and nutrient availability. The results show that ?pH decreases with increasing distance from the dam, indicating reduced pH fluctuation in offshore soils. ZPC values increase from onshore to offshore, suggesting that soils farther from the dam reach zero net charge at higher pH levels. Additionally, the surface potential (?0) becomes increasingly negative with distance from the dam, indicating a lower offshore cation exchange capacity (CEC). These findings underscore the significant influence of dam proximity on soil chemical properties, which has practical implications for soil management and agricultural practices. Understanding ZPC and related parameters is essential for optimizing soil fertility and promoting sustainability in floodplain environments. This research provides actionable insights that can empower practitioners to improve agricultural practices and long-term soil health in regions impacted by dam-induced flooding.
Dutsin-Ma Dam floodplains, electrical conductivity, point of zero charge, soil fertility, soil management, soil pH
Freshwater fish diversity and habitat assessment with a focus on Pethia reval in Pusweli Oya, Kelani River Basin, Sri Lanka
Abstract. Priyadarshana PHMGC, Vijethilaka ULNL, Fernando MT, Paranagama SD. 2024. Freshwater fish diversity and habitat assessment with a focus on Pethia reval in Pusweli Oya, Kelani River Basin, Sri Lanka. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 14: 105-111. The Pusweli Oya, a tributary in the Kelani River Basin was investigated preliminary to assess the freshwater fish diversity with a particular focus on the endangered endemic species Pethia reval. This study highlights the urgent need for conservation actions to protect these unique ecosystems. Five distinct sites were selected for the study, and sampling was conducted from August to October 2024 using snorkeling, hand nets, and trawl nets complemented by measurements of physio-chemical parameters, including temperature, pH, and flow rate with anthropogenic activities. A total of 29 freshwater fish species were recorded, representing eight orders and 12 families, with Cyprinidae being the most dominant family. Among these, 10 species were endemic, highlighting the area's ecological importance. Pethia reval was recorded at most of the selected sampling sites but was absent in one sampling site, which displayed a lower pH and increased anthropogenic activities than other sites. These conditions and the presence of aquatic plants likely impacted the species' distribution, emphasizing its sensitivity to habitat disturbances. Findings reveal that sites with stable water quality and minimal anthropogenic influence are essential for sustaining diverse fish populations and conserving P. reval and other endemics. This research underscores the need for immediate area-based conservation actions to mitigate human impacts and maintain ecological balance within the Kelani River basin. Those area-based conservation activities will contribute to broader conservation throughout the country with a special focus on range-restricted and nationally important freshwater fish fauna on the island. Future studies should focus on longitudinal assessments to strengthen conservation strategies for Sri Lanka's endemic and native freshwater fish.
Endemic, freshwater fish, Kelani River Basin, Pethia reval, preliminary study
Diversity of Ficus (Moraceae) along the riparian zone of Samin River, Central Java, Indonesia
Abstract. Kusuma AN, Zaky FA, Pribady TR, Agustin YS, Nugroho GD, Dewangga A, Setyawan AD. 2024. Diversity of Ficus (Moraceae) along the riparian zone of Samin River, Central Java, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 14: 96-104. Riparian vegetation plays an immense role in maintaining the hydrological and ecological functions of a river. One eminent vegetation species with great importance in riparian zone is the group of Ficus or figs. Many Ficus species occur in riparian ecosystems including in the Samin River, which stretches from Karanganyar to Sukoharjo Districts, Central Java, Indonesia and empties into the Bengawan Solo River. This study aimed to determine the diversity of Ficus along the riparian zone of Samin River from the upstream to the downstream. Data collection used a survey method at six stations by cruising a path with length of 1 km at each station and observing the right and left side of the river with a radius of 5-10 meters. All Ficus species, abiotic factors, altitude, and coordinates of the location point were recorded. Data was analysed to calculate Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H'), Evenness index (E) and Margalef species richness index (R). The results of the study documented 7 Ficus species, namely F. racemosa (34 individuals), F. septica (32 individuals), F. fistulosa (22 individuals), F. benjamina (11 individuals), F. elastica (1 individual), F. microcarpa (1 individual) and F. virens (1 individual). Species diversity index, evenness index and richness index at the upstream, middlestream and downstream sections ranged 0.54-0.88 (low diversity), 0.41-0.80 (uneven-almost even), and 0.52-0.61 (low richness), respectively. Ficus in the Samin River occurred in the habitat with air temperature of 21-38.4°C, humidity of 73-97%, and soil pH of 7-7.2. The findings of this study imply that riparian zone along the Samin River comprises a considerable diversity of Ficus which can maintain river sustainability.
Biodiversity, Ficus, riparian zone, Samin River
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Bonorowo Wetlands http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Diversity of gastropods (Animalia: Mollusca) in the upper Bengawan Solo River, Central Java, Indonesia: Native versus alien species
Abstract. Reza AD, Mahendra AS, Riadi AA, Aryanto AEP, Agustin HN, Dewangga A, Indrawan M, Dadiono MS, Setyawan AD. 2024. Diversity of gastropods (Animalia: Mollusca) in the upper Bengawan Solo River, Central Java, Indonesia: Native versus alien species. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 14: 83-95. Bengawan Solo River in Java Island, Indonesia, is important habitat for aquatic organisms, one of which is gastropods. However, there is indication of the presence of invasive alien gastropods in this river, which might pose threat to native species. This study aimed to identify the diversity of gastropod species in the upper Bengawan Solo River, Central Java, Indonesia and assess the presence of invasive species measured. Data collection was conducted in December 2023 at five stations representing varying habitat conditions. Data was collected using the transect plot method and analyzed by calculating the Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson's dominance index and density. The invasive status of species was determined based on literature studies. The study revealed 23 gastropod species from 9 families. There were 16 invasive species found, including Tarebia granifera, Sulcospira testudinaria, Faunus ater, Achatina immaculata, Pomacea canaliculata, Sermyla riquetii, Limicolaria flammea, Littorina littorea, Perpolita hammonis, Viviparus glacialis, Viviparus viviparus, Viviparus intertextus, Semisulcospira libertina, Brotia costula, Zebrina detrita, and Melanoides tuberculata. There were 7 native species found, namely Pila scutata, Pila ampullacea, Filopaludina javanica, Stenomelania punctata, Stenomelania denisoniensis, Cipangopaludina chinensis and Acavus phoenix. The level of diversity of gastropod species in the upper Bengawan Solo River was in the medium category while the dominance index was low, indicating that there was no dominant gastropod in the upper Bengawan Solo River. Some invasive gastropod species had high density compared to other species, implying a threat to the native ones. This finding warrants attention since the dominance of invasive alien species can affect the ecological system balance and lead to the loss of native species.
Diversity, dominance, gastropods, invasive, upper Bengawan Solo River
The status of wetlands in seasonally flooded plains in eastern part of Lake Tana, Ethiopia
Abstract. Agidie A, Wondie A, Beneberu G. 2024. The status of wetlands in seasonally flooded plains in eastern part of Lake Tana, Ethiopia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 14: 74-82. Understanding the challenges and conditions of wetland ecosystems has become more critical. Wetland area coverage has gone through dramatic change, and multiple anthropogenic and natural processes threaten it ever so now. To this end, the study aims to evaluate the changes in wetland area coverage from 1990 to 2022, assess their current status based on multi-influencing factors, and analyze the drivers and pressures within a Driving-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework. Data were gathered through transect walks, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and household surveys. The wetland area's land cover change was examined using the Landsat photos retrieved from Google Earth Engine. The result indicated that wetlands were lost at a higher rate, from 0.55 to 0.17%, while cultivated land expansion has substantially increased from 87.35 to 89.71%, respectively. The primary reason for the area's changing land cover was the population's explosive growth. Decreased production, the loss of biodiversity, and land scarcity were the main drivers. To encourage soil and water conservation, farmers must be trained in sustainable land management techniques, native vegetation plantation, and the restoration of wetlands and riverbanks through thoughtful land use planning.
Agricultural expansion, climate change, human pressure, land conversion
Diversity of butterfly species (Order: Lepidoptera) in riparian ecosystems of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, Indonesia
Abstract. Fahlefi AR, Prasetya KN, Firdhausi NF, Bahri S. 2024. Diversity of butterfly species (Order: Lepidoptera) in riparian ecosystems of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 14: 66-73. The existence of Bromo Tengger Semeru National (BTSN) Park, Indonesia is of utmost importance, as the function of the national park is to manage, convert, and preserve all flora and fauna and protect all ecosystems within the National Park Area. Forest fires have unfortunately occurred in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, leading to the destruction of several areas and causing habitat loss for various species, such as butterflies. This study, therefore, holds significant value as it aims to identify and analyze the diversity of butterfly species (Order: Lepidoptera) in BTSN Park Area, Indonesia, using the transect method combined with the Visual Encounter Survey method. The research location was divided into five locations: Ireng-ireng Area, Ranu Pani, Ranu Regulo, Ranu Darungan, and Trisula Riverbank; the measurement of factors supporting the presence of butterflies, such as temperature, humidity, and light intensity. Based on the research conducted, 46 butterfly species were found, with a total of 465 individuals from 5 families. Of the 46 species, 9 species were found to be endemic species and protected species. To determine the value of butterfly species diversity, it is calculated using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. The results of the index analysis obtained from the five locations are: (Location 1) diversity index H'=3.32, (Location 2) diversity index H'=1.21, (Location 3) diversity index H'=1.39, (Location 4) diversity index H'=1.91, (Location 5) diversity index H'=2.55. These findings are crucial for understanding and conserving the biodiversity of this unique national park.
Butterflies, endemic, forest fire, transect
Morphological identification of mosquito species in Takur Adu'a and Yakasai, Dutse Local Government Area, Jigawa State, Nigeria
Abstract. Umar SA, Dhakar R, Usman HS, Sulaiman M, Sa’idu M, Yahaya MS, Shitu AS, Usman HM. 2024. Morphological identification of mosquito species in Takur Adu'a and Yakasai, Dutse Local Government Area, Jigawa State, Nigeria. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 14: 57-65. Mosquitoes, major vectors for various diseases, pose significant public health challenges worldwide. This study focuses on identifying and analyzing mosquito species in Takur Adu’a and Yakasai Areas of Jigawa State, Nigeria. Located in Northwestern Nigeria with Dutse as its capital, Jigawa State borders Kano, Katsina, Bauchi, Yobe, and the Zinder Region in Niger, facilitating cross-border trade. The major tribes are Hausa, Fulani, and Kanuri. Mosquito collection was conducted early in the morning using a prepared environment and spraying method. Morphological identification of differentiating species of mosquito are by palps, proboscis, wing patterns, body shape, and resting positions. In Takur Adu'a and Yakasai, a total of 449 mosquitoes were collected, 278 from Takur Adu'a and 171 from Yakasai. Aedes species included 21 females and 29 males; Culex had 82 females and 52 males; Anopheles had 35 females and 24 males; Anopheles gambiae had 7 females and 4 males; and non A. gambiae had 8 females and 16 males. Culex mosquitoes were the most dominant, followed by Aedes and Anopheles, with 71.2% being fed, indicating significant feeding activity and potential disease transmission. In Yakasai, Aedes species included 17 females and 12 males, Culex had 42 females and 50 males, Anopheles had 12 females and 16 males, A. gambiae had 8 females and 6 males, and non A. gambiae had 5 females and 3 males. The study identify only morphospecies but A. gambiae and non A. gambiae are different morphospecies but in the same genus. Culex was the most prevalent species, with 57.9% fed, highlighting a substantial risk of disease transmission. The study also assessed respondents' knowledge of mosquito bite prevention, finding significant awareness levels, though gaps remained, and necessitating targeted educational campaigns. Identifying multiple mosquito genera and species emphasizes the value of molecular methods for mosquito identification. The findings reveal a dominant presence of Culex mosquitoes and a high percentage of fed mosquitoes, indicating significant disease transmission risks. Continuous education and effective vector control strategies are crucial to mitigate health risks in Jigawa State.
Blood-feeding insect, mosquito classifications, physical characterization, vector-borne illness
Modeling the future distributions of Centropus bengalensis (Lesser coucal) in Muara Gembong Wetlands, West Java, Indonesia, related to CMIP5 climate change scenarios
Abstract. Wibowo AA, Meylani V, Pratiwi NA, Febriani DN, Suryawati NN. 2024. Modeling the future distributions of Centropus bengalensis (Lesser coucal) in Muara Gembong Wetlands, West Java, Indonesia, related to CMIP5 climate change scenarios. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 14: 49-56. Wetlands and their water birds have been threatened recently due to climate change. In West Java, Muara Gembong is a threatened wetland along with lesser coucal (Centropus bengalensis, Gmelin 1788). This study aimed to model and forecast the distribution of Lesser coucal in the remaining wetland habitats to support species conservation. The novelty of this study is that it uses future Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) based on climate change scenarios. Modeling was performed based on SDM using R platforms incorporating 19 bioclimatic variables. The climate change scenarios used trajectories based on the 5th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) using RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 trajectories for 2050 and 2070. A multicollinearity test was performed, and the coucal occurrences were recorded at five sampling points. The results show climate change scenarios will significantly alter the suitable habitats for coucal, and the Area Under the Curve (AUC) is 0.75. The distribution of the species is mostly affected by isothermality (Bio 3), temperature annual range (Bio 7), and precipitation seasonality (Bio 15). In the low emission scenario, or RCP 2.6, from 2050 to 2070, it is predicted that the suitable habitats for coucals will be increased and expanded to the east and the north in coastal areas. Habitats classified in 2050 as less suitable will become moderately suitable in 2070 under the RCP 2.6 scenario. This condition is contrary to the high emission scenario under RCP 8.5. In this scenario, the habitats with high suitability only increased slightly. At the same time, and opposite to the low emission scenario, the RCP 8.5 scenario will cause moderately suitable habitats to become less suitable or have low suitability. This study provides empirical evidence of how a climate change scenario with high emissions can impact the water birds living in the wetlands.
Climate change, coucal, RCP, SDM, wetlands
Invasive and non-invasive macro aquatic plants in the Upper Bengawan Solo River, Indonesia
Abstract. Pramono CL, Alyodya DA, Restuti EJ, Meilani F, Sholiqin M, Yap CK, Setyawan AD. 2024. Invasive and non-invasive macro aquatic plants in the Upper Bengawan Solo River, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 14: 37-48. Macrophytes or aquatic plants are plants that have habitats in water. The uncontrolled growth of macrophytes causes the invasion of alien plant species in the Bengawan Solo River, Indonesia. This study aimed to identify the diversity of invasive and non-invasive macrophytes in the upstream, midstream and downstream of Bengawan Solo River. The methods used were a combination of cruising survey and purposive sampling using line transects. Vegetation data was collected in December 2023 and subject to the analysis of the Shannon-Wiener Species Diversity Index, Simpson Diversity Index, Evenness Index, and Margalef Species Richness Index. The results showed there were 23 macrophyte species with 2,391 individuals spread across three observation stations. There were two types of growth, i.e., free-floating and emergent growth, and they were divided into aquatic and semi-aquatic species. There were 17 invasive plant species, with the most common being Eichhornia crassipes, and 6 non-invasive species, with the most common being Digitaria nuda. Based on the results of the vegetation analysis, invasive plants had an index of 2.11 (medium), and non-invasive plants had a 0.82 (low). The total Simpson Diversity Index was 0.74 (high), with invasive plants at 0.73 (high) and non-invasive plants at 0.73 (high). The total Evenness Index was 0.69 (high), with invasive plants at 0.74 (high) and non-invasive at 0.46 (medium). The total Margalef Species Richness Index was 1.69 (low), with invasive plants at 1.30 (low) and non-invasive at 0.76 (low). The uncontrolled growth of invasive macrophytes can lead to reduced integrity of the aquatic ecosystem. Thus, invasive alien species must be managed with effective strategies to control their growth.
Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by local communities in the Upper Bengawan Solo River, Central Java, Indonesia
Abstract. Nurcahyo FD, Zen HM, Rahma HS, Triyanto A, Yasa A, MD Naim D, Setyawan AD. 2024. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by local communities in the Upper Bengawan Solo River, Central Java, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 14: 25-36. Medicinal plants are all plants with properties that can cure certain diseases. World Health Organization (WHO) states that more than 80% of the world's population still uses medicinal plants, including the communities living around Bengawan Solo River, Indonesia. This river is the longest river in Java, and it is significant in maintaining biodiversity, including the surrounding fauna and flora, particularly medicinal plants. This study aims to explore the diversity and uses of medicinal plants in three subdistricts along the Upper Bengawan Solo River (Sidodadi, Ngringo and Palur), focusing on documentation and understanding of medicinal plants used by local communities. Ninety informants, including 5 key and 85 general respondents (aged 21-78), were selected using purposive and snowball samplings. Semi-structured interviews and participatory observations gathered ethnobotanical data to be presented descriptively and analyzed quantitatively, including demographics, use values and informant consensus factor. Villagers in the three sub-districts utilize 88 medicinal plant species for various ailments. The majority of medicinal practices rely on traditional methods and oral transmission for knowledge transfer. Leaves (51.1%) and fruits (25%) are the primary plant parts used, processed mainly through boiling (68.5%) and direct consumption (23.9%). Boiling is the most preferred method for combining multiple plants since it is considered the easiest and most cost-effective method. Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Alpinia galanga (L.) Wild., and Curcuma longa L. are the most commonly utilized plants. This study highlights the importance of preserving traditional medicinal plant knowledge along the Bengawan Solo River to inform conservation efforts, support community health, and guide policy for mutual benefits and biodiversity conservation.
Informant consensus factor, local knowledge, medicinal plants, use value
Physico-chemical properties and mycoflora profile in some coastal wetlands of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria: Potential challenges for agro-ecological and public health
Abstract. Toby AT, Bassey IN, Effiong ME, Iduseri EO, Enyiukwu DN, Osu SR. 2024. Physico-chemical properties and mycoflora profile in some coastal wetlands of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria: Potential challenges for agro-ecological and public health. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 14: 9-18. This study assessed physico-chemical properties as it affects the distribution and diversity of mycoflora in different wetlands (Ibeno, Itu, Nsit-Ibom and Uyo) of Akwa Ibom State. The sediments and water samples were collected and cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). Pure cultures of the mycotic isolates were identified using a molecular technique based on PCR amplification, sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer, and phylogenic analysis. At the same time, the physico-chemical properties of the specimens were determined using standard analytical methods. The results of the physico-chemical analysis showed that temperature and pH ranged from 27.27±0.33-29.21±003oC and 5.17±009-7.30±0.17 respectively per samples per locations. The presence of Cr, Cd, Pb, Mn, Zn, Fe, Ca, nitrates, sulfates, phosphates, vanadium, suspended solids, and dissolved solids amongst other variables were detected in the water bodies, thus indicating possible agro-anthropogenic pollution. The results also showed that Candida tropicalis, Aspergillus niger, A. terreus, A. aculeatus, A. tamarii, Penicillium citrinum, P. rolsfi, A. flavus, A. nominus and Trametes polyzona were associated with the wetlands. The most commonly isolated fungi from the four locations were species of the genera Aspergillus. For the sediment, Nsit Ibom was dominated by T. polyzona (60%) while Ibeno was dominated by C. tropicalis (40%), Aspergillus and P. citrinum dominated Nsit Ibom (60%) and Uyo (60%) for water samples respectively. The fungal isolates showed differential affinity and adaptation to the ecosystem’s heavy metals, ions and physical properties. Recent medical evidence, however, has associated these mycotic species with life threatening health conditions in both immuno-competent and immuno-compromized individuals and, as such, pose a serious menace to agro-ecological and public health. Therefore, this study lends credence to mycoflora diversity to aquatic habitat quality and as well provides baseline information that could spur conservation and proper management of the wetlands.
Coastal sediments, myco-contaminants, mycoflora, public health, water quality
Characteristics of mangroves and carbon stocks estimation in Sampang and Pamekasan Districts, Madura Island, Indonesia
Abstract. Ainindya DG, Rarasti KA, Farikha KN, Wiraatmaja MF, Yap CK, Setyawan AD. 2024. Characteristics of mangroves and carbon stocks estimation in Sampang and Pamekasan Districts, Madura Island, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 14: 19-24. Mangrove forests represent unique coastal ecosystems with inherent characteristics and substantial biological diversity. Flourishing in tidal regions submerged during high tide yet devoid of puddles during low tide, mangroves exhibit remarkable salt tolerance. This complex, diverse, and heterogeneous ecosystem serves diverse functions concerning physical, biological, and socio-economic aspects. Madura Island, Indonesia has extensive mangrove forests, especially along the southern coasts of Sampang and Pamekasan, which serve as centers of robust economic activity. This study aims to elucidate the characteristics and assess the carbon storage and absorption capacity of mangroves in Sampang and Pamekasan Districts, Madura, Indonesia. Employing direct observational methods, this study established plots measuring 10×10 m at four stations in December 2023. The average carbon stock in the study area stands at 42,605 tons/ha, with an estimated sequestration value averaging 1,5625 tons/ha. These findings align with the range prescribed by the IPCC for tropical wet areas, falling between 8.7 and 384 tons/ha. Among the three extant mangrove species, Sonneratia alba Sm. emerged as the primary contributor to the high carbon sequestration observed in the region. The study area hosts three mangrove species: Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh., Rhizophora stylosa Griffith, and S. alba. The Importance Value Index (IVI) of R. stylosa was 111.91%, S. alba was 56.52% and A. marina was 25.32%. Mangrove stands with a Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) of less than 10 cm predominate across all stations, comprising 80% of A. marina, 98% of R. stylosa, and 63% of S. alba.
Allometric equations, Avicennia marina, biomass, carbon sequestration, IVI, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia alba
Dragonfly (Odonata) diversity in Kedung Klurak Waterfall Area, Mojokerto District, East Java, Indonesia
Abstract. Zahro’ DM, Rani TE, Agustin EP, Permatasari ASD, Susanto MAD. 2024. Dragonfly (Odonata) diversity in Kedung Klurak Waterfall Area, Mojokerto District, East Java, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 14: 1-8. Kedung Klurak is a tourist spot in Mojokerto District, East Java, Indonesia with a waterfall dominated by pine trees. Furthermore, using Kedung Klurak as a tourist spot increases human activity. This can affect the natural habitat of dragonflies; therefore, this study was conducted to identify the diversity of dragonfly species in the Kedung Klurak Waterfall Area. The sampling method used sweep net and path determination method using transects. The observation location was divided into three stations: waterfall, open area, and pine forest. The results of the study obtained 15 species from seven families. The Diversity Index in Kedung Klurak Waterfall Area is H': 1.605 in the medium diversity category. The highest diversity index is at the waterfall station with H': 1.678, followed by the open area station with H': 1.446, and the lowest diversity index at the pine forest station with H': 1.095. Several factors can affect species diversity differences at the three stations because each station has different environmental conditions, including temperature, light intensity, humidity, and vegetation. Based on the study's results, it can be concluded that the Waterfall station has a habitat following the natural habitat of dragonflies. Some species tolerate the environment and human disturbances, namely Vestalis luctuosa and Euphaea variegata. Therefore, using Kedung Klurak Waterfall as a tourist attraction can cause a loss of dragonfly diversity due to loss of vegetation, environmental pollution, and human disturbance. These factors cause dragonflies to move away from their habitat, as in the open area station where only five species of dragonflies were found.
Anisoptera, habitat, tourism site, Zygoptera
Traditional ecological knowledge and utilization of rice in Sukoharjo District, Central Java, Indonesia
Abstract. Kusuma LA, Damayanti K, Damayanti JT, Nisa J, Nurwulandari M, Nazar IA, Yap CK, Md. Naim D, Setyawan AD. 2023. Traditional ecological knowledge and utilization of rice in Sukoharjo District, Central Java, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 13: 78-85. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of Indonesia's staple foods and a source of income for some communities. Sukoharjo District is one of Central Java's most promising rice producing areas. In managing rice farming, the community incorporates local knowledge and discovers collective understanding about rice plants. The research was conducted to determine the existence of TEK (Traditional Ecological Knowledge) in Sukoharjo District, Central Java, Indonesia in managing rice varieties and influencing factors, as well as to learn about the community's perception of rice plants; the research employs a qualitative and quantitative ethnobiological approach. The results showed that although agriculture in Sukoharjo District is included in semi-modern agriculture, the community has TEK, which includes various rice varieties and paddy fields. Farmers in Sukoharjo District still use Inpari 32 rice varieties to manage their paddy fields instead of other varieties. Rice is widely used in various traditions, such as syukuran, weddings, kenduren, bersih desa, and rasulan. Many parts of the rice plant are also used, such as rice stems (straw), grain, husks, bran, and rice. A small part of the Sukoharjo community uses rice as an important role in cultural behavior and in maintaining the rice varieties' biodiversity well. In managing agriculture, some communities still use traditional techniques and adjustments to modern technology, such as using modern tools and human labor to plant seeds. The application of rice in every activity of the people of Sukoharjo District shows a complex relationship between humans and nature.
Agriculture, ethnobiology, local wisdom, rice, rice fields
Short Communication: First record of Crow-billed Drongo (Dicrurus annectens (Hodgson, 1836)) in East Java Province, Indonesia
Abstract. Siddiq AM, Kurnianto AS. 2023. Short Communication: First record of Crow-billed Drongo (Dicrurus annectens (Hodgson, 1836)) in East Java Province, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 13: 73-77. Crow-billed Drongo (Dicrurus annectens (Hodgson, 1836)) is a migratory bird that breeds in the Himalayas and Southern China. It has a range of distributions for migration to Indonesia (Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Java Island). However, on Java Island, this species was only found distributed in West Java. During migration, species D. annectens have a stopover habitat in mangrove and coastal forests. This study records D. annectens in the mangrove forest of Jatipapak Block, Kucur Resort, Alas Purwo National Park (APNP) on 29 October and 31 October 2020. The species was observed by the using morphology characteristics documentary: the tail is split like a scissor with the ends curved upwards, the body is about 25-30 cm long, has a broad chest, and narrows to the belly direction. In addition, this bird has a thick-sharp bill and a shiny, bluish-black body. The species was observed resting in the crown of the outer side of the mangrove vegetation and then fleeing to other mangrove vegetation (the crown of the outer side). The occurrence of D. annectens in the APNP has not previously been reported. Therefore, the encounter of this species in the Jatipapak mangrove forest is the first record in APNP. On the other hand, this report also provides information that D. annectens has an extended migration range to the East Java Region.
Crow-billed Drongo, East Java, first record
Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Bonorowo Wetlands http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Paludicola turfosa (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta), a new record from Sebangau National Park, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Abstract. Adam C, Segah H, Kawamura K, Pitoyo D, Adiwijaya S, Damanik Z, Sustiyah, Pidjath C, Rafsanjani MA. 2023. Paludicola turfosa (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta), a new record from Sebangau National Park, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 13: 66-72. Paludicola is a genus of red algae that inhabits freshwater environments. Based on initial observations, this genus was found in peat waters associated with the Rasau plant (Pandanus helicopus Kurz ex Miq.) in the peat swamp forest, Sebangau National Park. Of the many studies related to biodiversity in Sebangau National Park, none have reported the presence and description of algae, including members of the freshwater red algae Paludicola. The current status of red algae diversity in Indonesia has mostly been reported from marine ecosystems with only two species of freshwater red algae known from Indonesia. In this study, we report the preliminary description of the freshwater red algae Paludicola turfosa (Bory) M.L.Vis & Necchi, previously known as Batrachospermum turfosum Bory de Saint-Vincent from the peat water of Sebangau River, Sebangau National Park, as a new record for Indonesia. The P. turfosa was mainly found attached to the leaves of Rasau (P. helicopus) forming hair-like tufts representing its filamentous appearance. The descriptions include the recently updated taxonomy, general ecological macroscopic characteristics, and microscopic appearance of this algae.
Batrachospermum, Black Water, Paludicola, Peat Swamp Forest, Rhodophyta, Sebangau National Park
Lesser spiny eel (Macrognathus aculeatus) feeding preferences in the Progo River, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Abstract. Djumanto. 2023. Lesser spiny eel (Macrognathus aculeatus) feeding preferences in the Progo River, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 13: 36-42. Lesser spiny eel (Macrognathus aculeatus Bloch, 1786) is a highly valued fish species in the Progo River, Yogyakarta, due to its delectable taste, high nutritional value, and attractive aquarium filler. Therefore, this study aims to identify the dietary preferences of M. aculeatus collected between September 2020 and March 2021. Each fish was measured for individual length and weight, followed by an abdomen examination and digestive tract extraction. The intestinal length was also measured, and the digestive tract contents were classified based on the type and volume. Other parameters examined included relative gut length, the proportion of each kind of feed, the index of the largest portion, and the trophic level. The results showed that the ratio of gut length to total length ranged between 0.51 and 0.67, indicating that M. aculeatus were carnivorous. Their diet's six categories of organisms included crustaceans, annelids, insects, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and detritus. Female M. aculeatus was found to primarily consume shrimp (77.88%), followed by additional detritus feed (19.53%) and complementary feed (3%). Meanwhile, the males consumed 99.04% shrimp as their primary diet, and the remaining 0.9% were complementary. The feed niche area for female and male M. aculeatus was 0.137 and 0.005, respectively, indicating a minimal diet selection. Based on the results, the larger the fish, the more limited the feed options available. That indicates domestication and reintroduction should be made to preserve genetic diversity through food formulation and spawning from natural stocks.
Composition and feeding guilds bird community in tropical peatland of Orang Kayo Hitam Forest Park buffer area, Jambi, Indonesia
Abstract. Pangestu PG, Iswandaru D, Wulandari C, Novriyanti, Prasetia H. 2023. Composition and feeding guilds bird community in tropical peatland of Orang Kayo Hitam Forest Park buffer area, Jambi, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 13: 57-65. Tropical peat ecosystems are vulnerable to fire damage and conversion, including in the Orang Kayo Hitam (OKH) Forest Park buffer villages, Jambi Province, Indonesia. The peat ecosystem is a habitat for various birds. In the ecosystem, birds act as seed dispersers, pest controllers, and pollinators, so their presence can be used as bioindicators of environmental quality. This study aims to analyze the composition and feed guilds of the bird community. The line transect method is used to explore the path in bird watching. The data were then analyzed using descriptively and qualitatively. In total, 29 species from 18 families comprised five species of waterbirds and 25 species of land birds. The families with the highest number of species were Alcedinidae, with a percentage of 13.79% each (4 species). At the same time, the lowest were Apodidae, Bucerotidae, Hirundinidae, Laniidae, Meropidae, Psittacidae, Rallidae, Cisticolidae, Turnicidae, Ploceidae, and Passeridae, with only one species (3.45%) identified per family. Based on the feed guild, there were nine types of guilds, with the highest rate being granivore (24,14%), while the lowest was insectivore on the forest floor (3.45%). The presence of bird species based on the feed guild indicates that shrubs or weeds dominate the land cover of the buffer village around the OKH Forest Park.
Bioindicators, bird, foraging ecology, peat ecosystem, wetland
Analysis of riparian vegetation in the Siwaluh River, Karanganyar District, Central Java, Indonesia
Abstract. Pramadaningtyas PS, Chandrasari N, Izdihar RS, Iqbal WM, Cahyaningsih AP, Setyawan AD. 2023. Analysis of riparian vegetation in the Siwaluh River, Karanganyar District, Central Java, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 13: 45-56. This research was conducted in the Siwaluh River Basin region, Karanganyar District, Central Java, Indonesia. Land conversion into residential areas has lowered infiltration capacity, particularly in the Siwaluh River riparian vegetation, in the form of reduced or even lost vegetation that should serve as a water catchment area and habitat for riparian plants. The research was done to analyze riparian vegetation in the Siwaluh River to collect data for the conservation of the riparian zone, which plays a vital role in ecology and the ecosystem. Calculating the maximum IVI value and the existence of plant species from the diversity of riparian vegetation could determine the dominant vegetation type in a given area. The quadratic plot method employed was used; square plots of 20mx20m for trees, 10mx10m for poles, 5mx5m for saplings, and 2mx2m for seedlings were established at each sampling location. After that, the vegetation investigation comprised density, dominance, frequency, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and IVI. The survey identified 209 plant species; Kigelia africana dominated the highest IVI value in tree habitus. Practically, in each upstream, middle, and downstream location, Bambusa sp. dominated the highest IVI in the pole habitus, Manihot esculenta controlled the highest IVI in the sapling habitus, and Ageratum conyzoides dominated the seedling habitus. Variations in the diversity index (H') of tree, pole, sapling, and seedling habitus result from reduced or even disappearing vegetation due to land changes. Therefore, it changes the distribution pattern of riparian vegetation.
Riparian, Siwaluh River, vegetation analysis