Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry
type: channel
description: Encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all important contributions to natural product chemistry, include bioactivity compounds of land and sea and of plants, microbes and animals; activities of antimicrobial, antiviral, antiparasite, anti-cancer, etc.; ethnopharmacology, ethnomedicines and medical application; plant-derived drugs and pharmaceutical formulations and evaluation; as well as biochemistry, chemistry, biotechnology, physiology, cell structures, pharmacology, toxicology , and chemical ecology of natural products. Scopus (Q4)
publisher: Smujo International
language: en
publication name: Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry
issn: 2775-4189
items: Chemometric-assisted Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) for agarwood quality assessment
items: Time-resolved volatile profiling and endpoint microbiome characterization in spontaneous Coffea arabica wet fermentation
items: Comparative HPLC fingerprinting of flavonoid profiles in Selaginella species
items: Natural dye plants in traditional batik production and their potential as plant-derived pigments
items: Hepatoprotective activity, phytochemical profile and molecular docking of flavonoids of Thesium viride
items: Polyisoprenoid-based chemotaxonomy and cluster analysis of mangrove reproductive tissues from North Sumatra, Indonesia
items: Natural lip tint formulation using beetroot (Beta vulgaris) and strawberry extracts (Fragaria vesca) for safe cosmetic use
items: Rosemary-loaded nanolipid carriers for multifunctional antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal therapy enhancement
items: Inhibition of a-amylase and a-glucosidase by raw and boiled garlic extracts for postprandial hyperglycemia management
items: Phytochemical composition, antioxidant, and anticancer potential of Etlingera hemisphaerica (Zingiberaceae) from the Gayo Highlands, Indonesia
items: Review: Biological activity and zoochemical analysis of anchovies (Stolephorus spp.)
items: Review: The potential of freshwater eels (Anguilla spp.) as a source of medicine and food
items: Effect of Momordica charantia and Ocimum basilicum on KRAS expression in AOM-induced colon cancer in rats
items: Elemental composition, chemical constituents, and DPPH antioxidant activity in Lasimorpha senegalensis
items: Steroidal glycosides from Mallotus philippensis induce apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells via MTT and DAPI assays
items: Therapeutic potential of combined Gongronema latifolium fruit and leaf extracts against oxidative stress and organ damage
items: Harnessing L-asparaginase from Solanaceae plants: Purification and molecular dynamics studies for cancer targeting
items: Chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating turmeric (Curcuma longa) extract for the management of Streptococcus agalactiae-associated breast cancer
items: Characterization of caffeinated facial creams with Diploknema butyracea butter as an emollient
items: Pharmacognostic characterization and biological activities of Aponogeton crispus and A. rigidifolius
items: Biochemical evaluation on amelioration of oxidative stress and cardiovascular risk markers in hyperlipidemic rats treated with Kalanchoe pinnata aqueous extract
items: Investigating the effect of ethanolic extract of Dioclea reflexa seeds on antioxidant defense, lipid profile, liver and kidney peroxidation in adult male Wistar rats
items: Bioactive compounds of seven seagrass species from the Western Indian Ocean identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
items: Antibacterial activities of combinations of areca nuts (Areca catechu), cardamon seeds (Amomum compactum), and green betel leaves (Piper betle) ethanol extracts against Staphylococcus aureus
items: Solanum anomalum leaf extract mitigated doxorubicin-induced kidney toxicity and oxidative stress in male rats
items: Hippocratea africana root extract and fractions ameliorated carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress and kidney injuries in rats
items: Ethanol leaf extract of Alchornea cordifolia (Euphorbiaceae) effects on reproductive dysfunctions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats
items: Ethnomedicine, improved traditional medicine from Cocos nucifera water and evaluation of antibacterial activity on four bacterial strains in Center, Cameroon
items: Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Salmonella, toxicity and biochemical effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts in mice
items: Medicinal plants used in the management of cancer and other diseases in Swat District, Pakistan

Chemometric-assisted Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) for agarwood quality assessment
type: item
description: Abstract. Kuek TZC, Wong LS, Samling B, Sim SF. 2026. Chemometric-assisted Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) for agarwood quality assessment. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 24 (1): f240101. https://doi.org/10.13057/biofar/f240101. Agarwood, the rare and fragrant resinous heartwood of Aquilaria species, is highly valued for medicinal, cultural, and perfumery uses, yet its quality is typically assessed through subjective sensory evaluation. This study aimed to establish an objective, data-driven approach for agarwood quality differentiation using large-scale chemical profiling combined with chemometric analysis. In this study, 304 agarwood samples from a local collector were analyzed using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS). The resulting large-scale profiling detected 1,036 chemical compounds, providing a database on the chemical characteristics of wild agarwood. Hierarchical clustering, supported by the Calinski-Harabasz Index and silhouette analysis, identified three optimal groups. After filtering for prevalent compounds, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed partial overlap among groups, while Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) achieved an average of 90.31% classification accuracy across 100 training-test splits. Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) scores highlighted key discriminatory compounds, including α-agarofuran, γ-eudesmol, (-)-aristolene, allo-khusiol, β-maaliene, and β-dihydroagarofuran. These findings demonstrate that integrating chemical profiling with multivariate analysis enables objective differentiation of agarwood samples. Although detailed species identity and provenance information were unavailable due to reliance on private collections, the results demonstrate that integrating HS-SPME-GC-MS with multivariate analysis enables reliable, relative classification of agarwood based on chemical composition. The study al…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Agarwood quality assessment, hierarchical clustering dendrogram, PCA, PLS-DA
  topic: keywords
creator: THOMAS ZUO CHEN KUEK
creator: LEONG SENG WONG
creator: BENEDICT SAMLING
creator: SIONG FONG SIM
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 THOMAS ZUO CHEN KUEK, LEONG SENG WONG, BENEDICT SAMLING, SIONG FONG SIM https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-07
publication date: 2026-04-07
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f240101

Time-resolved volatile profiling and endpoint microbiome characterization in spontaneous Coffea arabica wet fermentation
type: item
description: Abstract. Nova B, Wati L, Rizkyanto R, Wardi ES, Lubis P. 2026. Time-resolved volatile profiling and endpoint microbiome characterization in spontaneous Coffea arabica wet fermentation. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 24 (1): f240105. https://doi.org/10.13057/biofar/f240105. Spontaneous fermentation during wet coffee processing involves complex microbial communities that influence Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) profiles and aroma characteristics. However, time-resolved descriptions of VOC dynamics alongside endpoint microbial community composition in spontaneous Coffea arabica wet fermentation remain limited. This study combined GC-MS volatilomics with amplicon-based community profiling to characterize chemical and microbial changes during a single 36-hour spontaneous fermentation batch. VOC profiles were measured by GC-MS at 0, 12, 24, and 36 h, while bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS amplicon sequencing were performed only at 36 h to characterize the endpoint community. After contaminant curation, 32 unique volatile compounds were retained across timepoints. Temporal profiles indicated depletion of plant-derived compounds and appearance of fermentation-associated products. Eicosanoic acid decreased from 9.98% to 0.27% (Area%), and caryophyllene decreased from 6.24% to 1.07%. Linalool was detected only at 36 h (0.34%), whereas pentadecanal appeared at 12 h and persisted through 36 h. The 36-h bacterial community was dominated by Leuconostoc spp. (88.54% of reads; L. falkenbergense 47.3%, L. pseudomesenteroides 29.02%), while the fungal community was dominated by Hanseniaspora uvarum (73.0% of ITS reads). Microbiome characterization was performed only at the 36-h fermentation endpoint; no time-series microbiome sampling and no statistical association testing between microbial taxa and VOC data were conducted. Accordingly, all proposed microbe–metabolite relationships are derived solely from published literature and must be treated as hypothesis-generating rather than anal…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: 16S rRNA, amplicon sequencing, spontaneous fermentation, wet coffee processing, volatilomics
  topic: keywords
creator: BASTIAN NOVA
creator: LINDA WATI
creator: RIDWAN RIZKYANTO
creator: EPI SUPRI WARDI
creator: PADRIANSYAH LUBIS
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 BASTIAN NOVA, LINDA WATI, RIDWAN RIZKYANTO, EPI SUPRI WARDI, PADRIANSYAH LUBIS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-21
publication date: 2026-06-21
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f240105

Comparative HPLC fingerprinting of flavonoid profiles in Selaginella species
type: item
description: Abstract. Setyawan AD, Chikmawati T, Miftahudin, Lotulung PDN, Sutarno, Sugiyarto, Sunarto. 2025. Comparative HPLC fingerprinting of flavonoid profiles in Selaginella species. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 23: 131-145. Flavonoids are among the most prominent secondary metabolites in Selaginella, yet comparative information on flavonoid composition across multiple species remains limited. Most existing phytochemical studies focus on individual species or isolated compounds, providing little insight into interspecific chemical relationships within the genus. This study applies RT-based HPLC fingerprinting to comparatively assess flavonoid profile variation among 20 samples representing 17 Selaginella species collected from diverse ecological and geographical settings in Indonesia. Methanolic extracts were analyzed under standardized chromatographic conditions, and flavonoid-related peaks were aligned using a retention time tolerance of ±0.2 min to construct a binary presence-absence fingerprint matrix comprising 11 RT-defined features. Interspecific similarity was evaluated using Sørensen and Jaccard coefficients, followed by hierarchical clustering (UPGMA) and complementary ordination to visualize chemical relationships among samples. The results reveal pronounced qualitative differences in flavonoid fingerprints among species, characterized by both shared and species-specific chromatographic features. Conspecific samples collected from different localities exhibited stable core flavonoid profiles with additional site-related variation, while interspecific comparisons showed substantial heterogeneity. Similarity patterns were not strictly associated with geographic proximity, suggesting that flavonoid composition primarily reflects intrinsic biochemical traits rather than purely environmental effects. This study provides an effective qualitative framework for interspecific discrimination and chemotaxonomic assessment in Selaginella. Although compound identity and abundanc…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Chemotaxonomy, flavonoids, HPLC fingerprinting, retention time, Selaginella
  topic: keywords
creator: AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
creator: TATIK CHIKMAWATI
creator: MIFTAHUDIN MIFTAHUDIN
creator: PUSPA DEWI N. LOTULUNG
creator: SUTARNO SUTARNO
creator: SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO
creator: SUNARTO SUNARTO
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry
date: 2026-01-29
publication date: 2026-01-29
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f230205

Natural dye plants in traditional batik production and their potential as plant-derived pigments
type: item
description: Abstract. Hapsari AN, Nurrizqi AY, Nurrosidah AN, Maharani AC, Indrawan M, Saensouk S, Setyawan AD. 2025. Natural dye plants in traditional batik production and their potential as plant-derived pigments. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 23: 153-163. Plant-derived natural dyes have attracted renewed interest as alternative pigment sources due to growing concerns over the environmental and health implications of synthetic dyes. Traditional dyeing practices offer process-based systems in which pigment extraction, transformation, and application are achieved using low-input operational controls. This study documents plant species used as natural dyes in traditional batik production at Batik Tjap Tiga Negeri, Laweyan Batik Village, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia, and discusses their relevance as plant-derived pigment sources within a natural product and biochemical context. Observations were conducted during active dye production to record plant species utilized, plant parts used, extraction methods, dye application procedures, and handling of residual materials. A total of seven plant species were identified as components of the dyeing system, including Indigofera tinctoria, Caesalpinia sappan, Cudrania javanensis, Swietenia mahagoni, Symplocos fasciculata, Tectona grandis, and Acacia spp. Dye extraction involved fermentation or aqueous heat-based processes, while dye application relied on repeated dipping and drying cycles. Variation in color intensity was associated with differences in dyeing duration and the number of application cycles. The results indicate that traditional dyeing systems function as low-input pigment processing frameworks in which color outcomes are regulated through process variables such as fermentation, pH adjustment, and repeated application. Literature-based synthesis further shows that the documented dye plants are associated with reported pigment classes, including indigoids, homoisoflavonoids, flavonoid-related pigments, and tannin-rich polyphe…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Batik dyeing, natural pigments, plant-derived dyes, process-controlled coloration, traditional dyeing systems
  topic: keywords
creator: ANDARA NADIEN HAPSARI
creator: ANGGITA YULIA NURRIZQI
creator: ANIS NABILA NURROSIDAH
creator: AYU CITRA MAHARANI
creator: MUHAMMAD INDRAWAN
creator: SURAPON SAENSOUK
creator: AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry
date: 2026-02-07
publication date: 2026-02-07
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f230207

Hepatoprotective activity, phytochemical profile and molecular docking of flavonoids of Thesium viride
type: item
description: Abstract. Shehu S, Abdullahi M, Iliyasu U, Hamdy AA, Hadi YM, Danmalam UH, Star H, Shahadha KM, Aliyu A, Dogara AM, Al-Zahrani AA, Alghamdi MS. 2026. Hepatoprotective activity, phytochemical profile and molecular docking of flavonoids of Thesium viride. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 24 (1): f240104. https://doi.org/10.13057/biofar/f240104. Liver disease is a major global health challenge. Medicinal plants such as Thesium viride can be used as alternatives, considering the traditional use of T. viride in liver management and the considerable drawbacks of current conventional therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of the T. viride fraction in vivo and in silico to confirm its traditional usage. Wistar rats (140-180 g) were pretreated with a flavonoid-rich fraction (200 or 400 mg/kg) seven days before carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity, and liver function (ALT, AST, and ALP), oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, CAT, and SOD), and histopathology (using a semi-quantitative scoring technique) were then evaluated to determine hepatoprotective efficacy. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (HPLC/MS) analysis of the fraction was performed, and molecular docking was performed on the fraction. Pretreatment increased liver indices in a dose-dependent manner, decreased liver enzymes and lipid peroxidation (MDA), and promoted the recovery of antioxidant defenses (CAT and SOD). There was a significant reduction in necrosis, ballooning, and congestion, as observed via histology. Molecular docking against the Keap1 protein (PDB: 4L7B) revealed that all 11 identified compounds formed highly stable ligand‒protein complexes; in particular, isorhamnetin-3-galactoside-7-rhamnoside had higher binding affinities than the reference ligand did, suggesting its predicted hepatoprotective activity. The flavonoid-rich fraction of T. viride has significant hepatoprotective potential, making it an attractive candidate for future biological v…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Antioxidant, carbon tetrachloride, flavonoids, liver, Thesium viride
  topic: keywords
creator: SANI SHEHU
creator: MUSTAPHA ABDULLAHI
creator: UWAISU ILIYASU
creator: ALAA AHMAD HAMDY
creator: YUSHAU MUSA HADI
creator: UMAR HABIB DANMALAM
creator: HEMN STAR
creator: KHALIS MOHAMMED SHAHADHA
creator: ABDULLAHI ALIYU
creator: ABDULRAHMAN MAHMOUD DOGARA
creator: ATEEQ AHMED AL-ZAHRANI
creator: MARIAM SALEH ALGHAMDI
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 SANI SHEHU, MUSTAPHA ABDULLAHI, UWAISU ILIYASU, ALAA AHMAD HAMDY, YUSHAU MUSA HADI, UMAR HABIB DANMALAM, HEMN STAR, KHALIS MOHAMMED SHAHADHA, ABDULLAHI ALIYU, ABDULRAHMAN MAHMOUD DOGARA, ATEEQ AHMED AL-ZAHRANI, MARIAM SALEH ALGHAMDI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-21
publication date: 2026-06-21
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f240104

Polyisoprenoid-based chemotaxonomy and cluster analysis of mangrove reproductive tissues from North Sumatra, Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract. Basyuni M, Pulungan W, Al Mustaniroh SS, Baba S. 2025. Polyisoprenoid-based chemotaxonomy and cluster analysis of mangrove reproductive tissues from North Sumatra, Indonesia. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 23: 110-121. This study investigates the chemotaxonomic significance of polyisoprenoids—specifically polyprenols and dolichols—in the reproductive organs (flowers and fruits) of fourteen mangrove species from North Sumatra, Indonesia. Employing Two-Dimensional Thin-Layer Chromatography (2D-TLC) as a high-resolution analytical tool and Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering as a classification approach, we profiled the polyisoprenoid compounds in flowers. We classified them into three types based on their relative abundance. Type I, with a predominance of dolichols over polyprenols (more than ninefold), was observed in Barringtonia asiatica, Lumnitzera racemosa, Ricinus communis, and Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea. Type II, with the occurrence of both polyprenols and dolichols, was observed in Acanthus ilicifolius, Excoecaria agallocha, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Melastoma candidum, and Sonneratia alba. Type III, with a predominance of polyprenols over dolichols, was observed in Avicennia officinalis, Bruguiera sexangula, Rhizophora apiculata, and Rhizophora mucronata. However, in the fruits, a type-I distribution was observed in nine species. In comparison, five species, Acanthus illicifolius, A. officinalis, H. tiliaceus, Lumnitzera littorea, and M. candidum, corresponded to a type II distribution and were not type III. Quantitative analyses revealed that dolichols were dominant in 64% of the fruit tissues, while floral tissues showed more diversity. Hierarchical cluster analysis using /UPGMA grouped species based on polyisoprenoid similarity, demonstrating their value as chemotaxonomic markers. These findings provide a significant foundation for mangrove conservation strategies by linking biochemical markers to species resilience in the co…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: 2D-TLC, chemotaxonomy, generative tissues, mangrove, polyisoprenoid
  topic: keywords
creator: MOHAMMAD BASYUNI
creator: WAHYUNI PULUNGAN
creator: , SHOFIYAH SABILAH AL MUSTANIROH
creator: SHIGEYUKI BABA
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry
date: 2025-10-23
publication date: 2025-10-23
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f230203

Natural lip tint formulation using beetroot (Beta vulgaris) and strawberry extracts (Fragaria vesca) for safe cosmetic use
type: item
description: Abstract. Naziihah S, Ainurofiq A. 2026. Natural lip tint formulation using beetroot (Beta vulgaris) and strawberry extracts (Fragaria vesca) for safe cosmetic use. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 24 (1): f240103. https://doi.org/10.13057/biofar/f240103. Public awareness of the harmful effects of synthetic ingredients, especially in lip products, has driven demand for safe and natural cosmetics. The Indonesian Food and Drug Authority has found many unauthorized cosmetic products containing hazardous substances, such as mercury and rhodamine B, which are banned. Natural pigments from red beet and strawberry offer a promising alternative. These fruits contain betanin and anthocyanin, respectively, which are natural colorants. They also have strong antioxidant properties that can benefit lip health and protect against environmental stressors. This study evaluates lip tint products with varying ratios of beet and strawberry extracts. Formulated three variations of extract concentration; the tests included organoleptic observations, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, irritation, panelist preference, and anthocyanin levels and stability analysis for three weeks. Formula F2 (50% Beetroot, 10% Strawberry) exhibited the highest anthocyanin content (22.634 mg/L) among the formulations. Additionally, its pH of 4.49 closely aligns with the physiological range of the lips (4.5-6.5). Notably, all formulations met the adhesive strength standard (>1 second) and demonstrated satisfactory homogeneity. The novelty of this research lies in the synergistic combination of beet and strawberry extracts as natural dyes. Beets provide a robust, stable purplish-red pigment, while strawberries contribute brightness and antioxidant benefits. This combination offers a safe, stable, and aesthetically pleasing alternative to hazardous synthetic dyes. Two of the three formulas maintained a pH within the physiological range (4.5-6.5), while one deviated slightly below the standard. Notably, the entire formula…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Beetroot, characterization, lip tint, natural colorant, strawberry
  topic: keywords
creator: SHOFI NAZIIHAH
creator: AHMAD AINUROFIQ
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 SHOFI NAZIIHAH, AHMAD AINUROFIQ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-07
publication date: 2026-04-07
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f240103

Rosemary-loaded nanolipid carriers for multifunctional antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal therapy enhancement
type: item
description: Abstract. Padmanabhan S, Dharshini BP, Vasugi S, Dilipan E. 2025. Rosemary-loaded nanolipid carriers for multifunctional antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal therapy enhancement. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 23: 146-152. We developed and characterized rosemary-loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) and evaluated their multifunctional bioactivity. Rosemary extract (Soxhlet, 80% methanol) was incorporated into a lipid matrix via a microemulsion route. Physicochemical analyses confirmed successful encapsulation and stability: X-ray diffraction showed a semi-crystalline/disordered matrix consistent with efficient loading, and FTIR revealed characteristic bands (O–H, C–H, C=O/C–O–C) indicating compatible interactions between extract and lipids. In vitro bioassays demonstrated strong, concentration-dependent effects. Anti-inflammatory activity (protein-denaturation model) rose from 44% inhibition at 50 µg to 94% at 200 µg. Antioxidant capacity (DPPH) increased from 52.32% at 50 µg to 89.47% at 200 µg. Antifungal testing against Candida albicans showed dose-dependent zones of inhibition, with maximal effects at the highest tested volume (100 µL). Collectively, these data indicate that NLC encapsulation enhances the functional performance of rosemary bioactive across complementary therapeutic axes anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antifungal while maintaining structural integrity of the carrier system. The eco-friendly formulation strategy, relying on biocompatible lipids and surfactants, supports improved bioavailability and stability and is well-suited for translation to topical wound care, infection control, and targeted drug-delivery applications. Future work will optimize particle attributes and release kinetics and benchmark efficacy against standard comparators in relevant preclinical models.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bioactive compounds, drug delivery system, lipid-based nanocarriers, rosemary extract, therapeutic potential
  topic: keywords
creator: SADHANA PADMANABHAN
creator: BOOPATHI PRIYA DHARSHINI
creator: SURESH VASUGI
creator: ELANGOVAN DILIPAN
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry
date: 2026-02-07
publication date: 2026-02-07
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f230206

Inhibition of a-amylase and a-glucosidase by raw and boiled garlic extracts for postprandial hyperglycemia management
type: item
description: Abstract. Alam MJ, Rahman NSS. 2025. Inhibition of a-amylase and a-glucosidase by raw and boiled garlic extracts for postprandial hyperglycemia management. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 23: 122-130. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a severe metabolic disorder that causes hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin function. Inhibition of carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, such as a-amylase and a-glucosidase, can reduce postprandial blood glucose levels. This study investigated the ability of garlic extracts (Allium sativum) to inhibit these important enzymes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Raw and boiled Deshi and Indian garlic extracts were prepared and assessed for their ability to inhibit a-amylase and a-glucosidase activities using standard in vitro enzyme inhibition assays. The types of enzyme inhibition were analyzed through Lineweaver-Burk plots. Deshi raw garlic extract at 20 mg/mL inhibited the ?-amylase enzyme by 52.49%, with an IC50 value of 17.62 mg/mL, while Deshi boiled garlic extract exhibited the lowest inhibition at the lowest concentration. Similarly, Deshi raw garlic extract showed the highest inhibition of a-glucosidase at the maximum concentration tested, whereas Indian boiled garlic extract demonstrated the lowest inhibition at the minimum tested concentration. Notably, raw and boiled garlic extracts inhibited a-amylase and a-glucosidase activities by 70% at concentrations comparable to acarbose, a commercial antidiabetic medication and the mode of inhibition for both enzymes by both types of garlic extracts was evaluated as competitive inhibition. The findings demonstrate that both raw and boiled garlic extracts exhibit inhibitory action against a-glucosidase and a-amylase, indicating their potential for managing postprandial hyperglycemia. These results support the development of garlic-based nutraceuticals or dietary interventions for the management of T2DM.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Acarbose, Allium sativum, antidiabetic activity, enzyme inhibition activity, nutraceuticals
  topic: keywords
creator: MD JAHANGIR ALAM
creator: NISHAT SALSABIL SUMAIYA RAHMAN
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry
date: 2025-12-11
publication date: 2025-12-11
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f230204

Phytochemical composition, antioxidant, and anticancer potential of Etlingera hemisphaerica (Zingiberaceae) from the Gayo Highlands, Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract. Ridhwan M, Saudah, Nurman S, Masyudi, Fitriyana L, Yusnaini R. 2025. Phytochemical composition, antioxidant, and anticancer potential of Etlingera hemisphaerica (Zingiberaceae) from the Gayo Highlands, Indonesia. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 23: 101-109. The increasing global incidence of cancer underscores the urgent need for sefar and more effective alternative therapies. Etlingera hemisphaerica (Blume) R.M.Sm. (Zingiberaceae), an andemic medicinal plant from the Gayo Highlands of Indonesia, has traditional uses but remains underexplored for its pharmacological potential. This study investigated the phytochemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and anticancer of E. hemisphaerica leaf extracts using methanol, ethyl acetate, and aquadest. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined spectrophotometrically. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay, and anticancer activity was evaluated via the MTT assay against the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line (ATCC HTB-22), with IC?? values calculated through linear regression analysis. Qualitative screening revealed the presence of major phytochemicals including flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, and steroids. Quantitative analysis showed that the methanol extract contained the highest total phenolic content (506.4 ± 15.41 mg GAE/g), while the ethyl acetate extract had the highest flavonoid content (471.5 ± 20.55 mg QE/g). Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay, with the methanol extract exhibiting the strongest radical scavenging capacity IC?? (0.40 ppm). Cytotoxic effects were determined by MTT assay against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells (ATCC HTB-22), where the methanol extract showed the most potent activity (IC?? = 0.446 ppm; 43.47% inhibition at 200 ppm), outperforming ethyl acetate (IC?? (10.45 ppm) and aquadest IC?? (4.12 ppm) extracts. These results suggest that E. hemisphaerica, part…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cancer MCF-7, Etlingera hemisphaerica, Gayo Highland, herb medicine, Zingiberaceae
  topic: keywords
creator: MUHAMMAD RIDHWAN
creator: SAUDAH SAUDAH
creator: SALFAUQI NURMAN
creator: MASYUDI MASYUDI
creator: LIYA FITRIYANA
creator: RIKA YUSNAINI
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry
date: 2025-09-03
publication date: 2025-09-03
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f230202

Review: Biological activity and zoochemical analysis of anchovies (Stolephorus spp.)
type: item
description: Abstrak. Anchovies (Stolephorus sp.) are small fish that usually live in herds and belong to the family Engraulidae. They originate from warm waters along the coasts of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, and are commonly found in shallow waters near coastlines and river streams. Ecologically, anchovies play an important role as prey and predators in the food networks in the sea, supporting the food needs of larger fish, birds, and marine mammals while also controlling plankton populations. For humans, anchovies have significant nutritional benefits, rich in high-quality protein, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals such as calcium and iron. These nutrients provide a variety of health benefits, including cardiovascular health, bone strength, and anemia prevention. In addition, anchovies are also used in medicine because of their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Anchovies are often consumed in various culinary traditions, whether fresh, dried, or processed into products such as fish sauce and fish pasta. The purpose of this paper is to present a summary of the biological activity or bioactivity of anchovies (Stolephorus sp.), highlighting their ecologically important benefits and their diverse benefits for human health. This review covers the nutritional composition, potential medicinal properties, and environmental significance of anchovies, providing a comprehensive overview of their contribution to the marine ecosystem and human well-being.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bioactive peptides, functional food, marine nutraceuticals, omega-3 fatty acids, Stolephorus, sustainable fisheries
  topic: keywords
creator: DIAN WIDOWATI
creator: DAIVA A. NIRWASITA HARTONO
creator: FAUZAN RAFI WICAKSONO
creator: EDRIC FARREL SAPUTRA
creator: RAISA NOOR SAFIRA
creator: CHEE KONG YAP
creator: DARLINA MD. NAIM
creator: AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry
date: 2025-07-21
publication date: 2025-07-21
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f230108

Review: The potential of freshwater eels (Anguilla spp.) as a source of medicine and food
type: item
description: Abstract. Arifiandita DM, Ramadhan FA, Paramita FS, Purnamassari F, Sholiqin M, Naim DMd, Setyawan AD. 2025. Review: The potential of freshwater eels (Anguilla spp.) as a source of medicine and food. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 23: 52-69. Freshwater eels (Anguilla spp.) possess exceptional nutritional and pharmacological properties that position them as a promising yet underutilized resource for functional foods and biomedicine. This review synthesizes current knowledge of their taxonomy, ecology, and life history traits, linking these to their biochemical composition and health benefits. Eel tissues are rich in high-quality proteins, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA), fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E), and unique bioactive compounds such as glycosaminoglycans, peptides, and antimicrobial proteins. These constituents contribute to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anticoagulant, cardiovascular, and antimicrobial effects, with additional potential in neuroprotection, reproductive health, and skin repair. Comparative data across species and environments reveal substantial variability in nutrient profiles influenced by taxonomy, life stage, and habitat. The review also explores traditional and modern processing techniques that affect nutrient retention and bioavailability and discusses emerging applications in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics. Recognizing the ecological threats to wild eel populations, the paper emphasizes the crucial role of sustainable utilization strategies, including aquaculture and value-added product development, in ensuring the conservation of this valuable resource. By integrating biological, nutritional, medicinal, and cultural perspectives, this review provides a comprehensive foundation for future research and innovation in eel-based health products.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Anguilla, bioactive compounds, functional food, pharmacological properties, omega-3 fatty acids
  topic: keywords
creator: DIO MEILANA ARIFIANDITA
creator: FARIE AIMAR RAMADHAN
creator: FENINTA SETYANING PARAMITA
creator: FITRIA PURNAMASARI
creator: MUCHAMMAD SHOLIQIN
creator: DARLINA MD. NAIM
creator: AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry
date: 2025-07-21
publication date: 2025-07-21
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f230107

Effect of Momordica charantia and Ocimum basilicum on KRAS expression in AOM-induced colon cancer in rats
type: item
description: Abstract. Okelola CA, Odufuwa KT, Ezima EN, Adegbesan BO, Bello TH. 2025. Effect of Momordica charantia and Ocimum basilicum on KRAS expression in aom-induced colon cancer in rats. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 23: 93-100. KRAS is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes in colorectal cancer (CRC), contributing to tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. In light of increasing interest in phytotherapy, this study investigated the modulatory effects of aqueous extracts of Momordica charantia and Ocimum basilicum on KRAS gene expression in azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon cancer in rats. Forty adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into five groups (n = 8 per group): three treatment groups (receiving 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day of the extract), an AOM-only negative control, and a distilled water-treated normal control. AOM was administered at 20 mg/kg/week for four weeks to induce colon carcinogenesis. After treatment, colon tissues were harvested for histological examination and KRAS gene expression analysis using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and phenols in the extracts. Histological evaluation revealed dose-dependent protection in extract-treated groups, with restoration of mucosal structure and reduced atypical features. qRT-PCR showed significant downregulation of KRAS gene expression in the high-dose group (200 mg/kg), with a 2.8-fold reduction compared to the AOM-only group (p < 0.01). The medium-dose group showed a moderate 1.6-fold reduction, while the low-dose group exhibited slight upregulation of KRAS expression. These findings suggest that aqueous extracts of M. charantia and O. basilicum exert chemopreventive effects in AOM-induced colon cancer, likely through phytochemical-mediated downregulation of oncogenic KRAS expression and preservation of colon histoarchitecture. The study supports the potential use of these plants as complementary agents in colore…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: AOM, colon cancer, KRAS, Momordica charantia, Ocimum basilicum, qPCR
  topic: keywords
creator: CHRISTOPHER AKINWANDE OKELOLA
creator: KUBURAT TEMITOPE ODUFUWA
creator: ESTHER NKECHI EZIMA
creator: BUKUNOLA OLUYEMISI ADEGBESAN
creator: TAIWO HASSAN BELLO
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry
date: 2025-07-25
publication date: 2025-07-25
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f230201

Elemental composition, chemical constituents, and DPPH antioxidant activity in Lasimorpha senegalensis
type: item
description: Abstract. Owaba ADC, Eboh AS, Ugwuabor PU, Uzoefunam CP. 2026. Elemental composition, chemical constituents, and DPPH antioxidant activity in Lasimorpha senegalensis. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 24 (1): f240102. https://doi.org/10.13057/biofar/f240102. Lasimorpha senegalensis is an underutilized medicinal plant whose fruits have received little attention despite their potential nutritional and biological value. This study investigated the elemental composition, chemical constituents, and antioxidant activity of L. senegalensis fruits to evaluate their suitability as a nutraceutical resource. Elemental analysis using atomic absorption spectrophotometry revealed the presence of essential macro- and microelements, including potassium, magnesium, calcium, sodium, iron, zinc, manganese, phosphorus, copper, selenium, chromium, and boron, all occurring at concentrations below recommended daily intake and permissible limits, indicating minimal risk of mineral toxicity. High-performance liquid chromatography profiling identified several phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and alkaloids, notably ellagic acid, gallic acid, naringin, naringenin, rutin, kaempferol, and quinolone alkaloids, which are known to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and protective biological activities. The antioxidant potential of the fruit extract was evaluated using the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, showing concentration-dependent inhibition with an IC50 value of 25.07±4.00 µg/mL. Although the extract was less potent than ascorbic acid, it demonstrated substantial free radical scavenging activity and higher antioxidant capacity than previously reported leaf extracts of the same species. The observed antioxidant activity is likely attributable to the combined synergistic effects of the phenolic acids, flavonoids, and alkaloids present in the fruits. Overall, this study provides baseline scientific evidence supporting the nutritional safety and antioxidant potential of L. seneg…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Antioxidant, chemical profiling, DPPH, Lasimorpha senegalensis, nutraceutical
  topic: keywords
creator: AZIBANASAMESA D. C. OWABA
creator: ABRAHAM S. EBOH
creator: PAUL U. UGWUABOR
creator: CHISOM P. UZOEFUNAM
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AZIBANASAMESA D. C. OWABA, ABRAHAM S. EBOH, PAUL U. UGWUABOR, CHISOM P. UZOEFUNAM https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-07
publication date: 2026-04-07
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f240102

Steroidal glycosides from Mallotus philippensis induce apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells via MTT and DAPI assays
type: item
description: Abstract. Manikyam HK, Joshi SK, Patil SB, Vakadi S, Patil AR. 2025. Steroidal glycosides from Mallotus philippensis induce apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells via MTT and DAPI assays. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 23: 47-51. Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Müll.Arg., commonly referred to as the kamala tree, is a widely known ethnomedicinal plant possessing diverse pharmacological activities. Despite its traditional applications, modern research into its anticancer properties remains underexplored. The present study investigates the in vitro anticancer activity of steroidal glycoside-enriched fractions derived from the aerial parts of M. philippensis against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Ethanolic extraction followed by acetone precipitation was employed to obtain the glycoside-rich fraction. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of steroidal glycosides using Liebermann–Burchard and Salkowski tests. To evaluate cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction, MTT cell viability assay and DAPI nuclear staining assay were performed. The MTT assay results revealed a concentration-dependent inhibition of cell growth, achieving complete (100%) growth inhibition at 200 µg/mL. DAPI staining further confirmed the pro-apoptotic activity of the extract, showing prominent nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation, with an apoptotic index of 67.87 ± 6.13%. These effects were comparable to the standard positive control, sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS), suggesting a potent anticancer potential. The findings support the hypothesis that steroidal glycosides present in M. philippensis can significantly induce apoptosis in hormone-dependent breast cancer cells. The anticancer effect is likely mediated through mitochondrial apoptotic pathways, characteristic of steroidal compounds. This study provides a strong rationale for further investigation into the bioactive constituents of M. philippensis, including isolation, molecular mechanism elucidation, and in vivo validation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Apoptosis, cytotoxicity, DAPI staining, Mallotus philippensis, MCF-7 cell line, MTT assay steroidal glycoside
  topic: keywords
creator: HEMANTH KUMAR MANIKYAM
creator: SUNIL K. JOSHI
creator: SANDEEP BALVANT PATIL
creator: SPANDANA VAKADI
creator: ABHINANDAN RAVSAHEB PATIL
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry
date: 2025-06-29
publication date: 2025-06-29
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f230106

Therapeutic potential of combined Gongronema latifolium fruit and leaf extracts against oxidative stress and organ damage
type: item
description: Abstract. Okochi CV, Udedi SC, Asogwa KK, Otovbo EJ, Obi MS, Ezeaku UA. 2025. Therapeutic potential of combined Gongronema latifolium fruit and leaf extracts against oxidative stress and organ damage. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 23: 38-46. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of combined extracts of the fruit and leaves of Gongronema latifolium in managing oxidative stress and protecting against liver and kidney damage. Forty albino rats were randomly assigned to eight groups (A-H), each consisting of 5 rats. Groups A-C served as the control groups, with Group B as the positive control group, receiving silymarin. Groups D-H were administered different ratios of G. latifolium fruit and leaf extracts at 100 mg/kg BW. The biochemical analysis and histological study of the liver were conducted using standard procedures. Results from the acute toxicity study showed that the LD50 value of the extract was >5000 mg/kg BW, categorized as relatively harmless; the combined extracts significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, GSH, SOD) and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Most combined extracts demonstrated anti-hepatotoxic effects by lowering ALT, AST, and ALP levels. The combined extracts of fruit and leaf of G. latifolium demonstrated potential for renal protection, as evidenced by reduced urea and creatinine levels, particularly in groups receiving a higher ratio of fruit extract. Histological analysis showed normal liver tissue, indicating no adverse effects from the extracts. In conclusion, these combinations of fruit and leaf extracts of G. latifolium could be natural antioxidants and protective agents against environmental toxins, with possible applications in traditional medicine and therapeutic strategies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Anti-hepatotoxicity, anti-nephrotoxicity, antioxidant, drug discovery, Gongronema latifolium, oxidative stress
  topic: keywords
creator: CHIAMAKA VIVIAN OKOCHI
creator: S. C. UDEDI
creator: K. K. ASOGWA
creator: E. J. OTOVBO
creator: M. S. OBI
creator: U. A. EZEAKU
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f230105

Harnessing L-asparaginase from Solanaceae plants: Purification and molecular dynamics studies for cancer targeting
type: item
description: Abstract. Aisha A, Sajjad A, Munawar N, Azam HMH, Ishtiaq U, Nawaz S. 2025. Harnessing L-asparaginase from Solanaceae plants: Purification and molecular dynamics studies for cancer targeting. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 23: 27-37. Conventional chemotherapeutic regimens have their adverse effects. Our research, however, offers a potential breakthrough in cancer treatment. We have discovered that l-asparaginase from plant sources can selectively target L-asparagine, the nutritional requirement of cancer cells. The aim was to elucidate the function and mechanism of action of anticancer and bactericidal plant-sourced L-asparaginase protein via proteomics. Biochemical, chromatographic techniques and SDS PAGE were employed for purifying L-asparaginase from Solanaceae plants, including Datura innoxia, Atropa belladonna, Hyoscyamus niger (leaves), Lycopersicum esculentum (fruit), Solanum tuberosum (roots), and Ipomoea batatas (roots). Michaelis-Menten and Lineweaver Burk's plot demonstrated the characterization of the extracted protein from D. innoxia, which exhibited the maximum enzyme activity. Further, molecular dynamics simulations were employed to establish antimicrobial efficiency (through potato disc assays) and to determine the antitumor efficiency. Kinetic studies of L-asparaginase from D. innoxia revealed optimal activity at pH 8-8.5 and 37°C with [S]=8 ?g/mL, Km 0.1766 ?mol provided 1/2V max 0.525 ?mol/min, while the protein band of approximately 30 kDa. Ethanolic extracts inhibited growth 54.5, 33.30, and 45.65% among Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis, respectively, with MIC 6.25 mg/dL. L-asparaginase anticancer mediation was validated using molecular dynamics simulations (InterPro Scan), identifying novel domain IPR027474 and active sites IPR020827 and IPR027475. This mechanism provided insights into anticancer action and potential sources for combinational therapies in clinical oncology.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Characterization L-asparaginase, chemotherapeutic, chromatography, conventional pharmaceuticals, extraction, purification
  topic: keywords
creator: AMBREEN AISHA
creator: AYESHA SAJJAD
creator: NAYLA MUNAWAR
creator: HGAFIZ MUHAMMAD HUSNAIN AZAM
creator: UZAIR ISHTIAQ
creator: SHAISTA NAWAZ
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry
date: 2025-03-14
publication date: 2025-03-14
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f230104

Chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating turmeric (Curcuma longa) extract for the management of Streptococcus agalactiae-associated breast cancer
type: item
description: Abstract. Ukwubile CA, Menkiti ND, Otalu Jr O. 2023. Chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating turmeric (Curcuma longa) extract for the management of Streptococcus agalactiae-associated breast cancer. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 23: 19-26. Breast cancer associated with Streptococcus agalactiae Lehmann & Neumann, 1896 infection poses complex therapeutic challenges, often exacerbating inflammatory responses and impacting tumor progression. Despite the use of various anticancer drugs, the development of resistance by cancer cells against these is still prevalent, hence, the need for an appropriate drug delivery strategy in the form of chitosan nanoparticles for effective treatment against breast cancer. This study investigates the antibacterial and anticancer effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) extract encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) against S. agalactiae-associated breast cancer, assessing its influence on key bacterial and cancer biomarkers. Curcuma longa extract-loaded chitosan NPs were synthesized via ionic gelation and characterized for stability and particle size. Breast cancer cells and S. agalactiae cultures were treated with these NPs, and bacterial growth inhibition assays quantified antibacterial activity. Anticancer effects were evaluated using cell viability assays and measurements of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, including Tumor Necrotic Factor-alpha (TNF-a), interleukin-1beta (1L-1B), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-) and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels. Curcuma longa-loaded chitosan NPs exhibited a significant antibacterial effect, reducing S. agalactiae counts by 87% compared to the control (p < 0.01). In cancer cells, the NPs decreased TNF-? and IL-1? levels by 52% and 48%, respectively, and significantly reduced COX-2 expression by 43% (p < 0.01). Additionally, ROS levels in treated cancer cells were reduced by 60% compared to control, highlighting the potent antioxidative activity of the NPs. These findings demonstrated the enhanc…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biomarkers, breast cancer, chitosan nanoparticles, Curcuma longa, Streptococcus agalactiae
  topic: keywords
creator: CLETUS ANES UKWUBILE
creator: NNAMDI DAVID MENKITI
creator: OTALU OTALU JR
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry
date: 2025-02-05
publication date: 2025-02-05
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f230103

Characterization of caffeinated facial creams with Diploknema butyracea butter as an emollient
type: item
description: Abstract. Subedi S, Koirala S, Pokharel P, Bhandari DR. 2025. Characterization of caffeinated facial creams with Diploknema butyracea butter as an emollient. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 23: 11-18. Caffeine, a versatile ingredient in cosmetics, is known for its vasoconstrictive, anti-inflammatory, UV protective, and anti-aging properties. The plant Diploknema butyracea, a medium-sized tree belonging to the Sapotaceae family, native to Nepal, India, and Bhutan, is known as chyuri, and its seeds contain about 55% fat, known as chyuri butter. Chyuri butter is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins (A and E) to hydrate, nourish, soften skin and serve as an effective emollient. In this study, we formulated caffeinated facial creams with D. butyracea butter and meticulously evaluated their physical and chemical properties. Caffeine was extracted via liquid-liquid extraction. Four formulations (F1 to F4) with varying concentrations of chyuri butter and caffeine were assessed for pH, stability, acid and saponification values, spreadability, in-vitro occlusivity, centrifugation, after-feel, smear type, removal, and dilution. The pH of the creams ranged from 6.7 to 7.6. All formulations, except F1, remained stable and homogeneous at different temperatures. Acid values (9.5-11.2) and saponification values (23.5-26.8) were satisfactory. The creams demonstrated good spreadability (4.3-4.5 cm) and improved water retention due to chyuri butter. No phase separation occurred during centrifugation. The creams formed a non-greasy film, were easily removable with tap water, and were confirmed as O/W (oil in water) type. Our findings not only validate the efficacy of caffeine and chyuri butter in cosmetic cream formulations but also open up new possibilities for their use in skincare products.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Caffeine, chyuri, cosmetics, Diploknema butyracea, facial cream
  topic: keywords
creator: SAPANA SUBEDI
creator: SANTOSH KOIRALA
creator: PRAYAN POKHAREL
creator: DHAKA RAM BHANDARI
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry
date: 2025-01-19
publication date: 2025-01-19
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f230102

Pharmacognostic characterization and biological activities of Aponogeton crispus and A. rigidifolius
type: item
description: Abstract. Sarveswaran R, Jayasuriya WJAB, Dias B, Kariyawasam I, Hettiarachchi P, Suresh S. 2025. Pharmacognostic characterization and biological activities of Aponogeton crispus and A. rigidifolius. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 23: 1-10. The potential anti-inflammatory effects of the plant family Aponogetonaceae have yet to be widely studied despite the existing ethnomedicinal evidence. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacognostic characteristics and pharmacological activities of Aponogeton crispus Thunb. and Aponogeton rigidifolius H.Bruggen plants. Anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycemia-related bioactivities of these plants were evaluated using well-established in vivo and in vitro methods. The safety profiles of the aqueous plant extracts were investigated in acute and chronic toxicity studies. Significance among different test groups in each assay was analyzed statistically. Reducing sugars, amino acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and polyphenols were found in the preliminary phytochemical screening. In pharmacological assessments, aqueous extracts of A. crispus at 120 mg/kg showed the highest inhibition of carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, indicating its significant therapeutic potential. The percentage reduction in acetic acid-induced writhes was 46.48±3.46% for A. crispus and 54.22±2.10% for A. rigidifolius. Both extracts significantly reduced the body temperature of test rats at the third and fourth hour in brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia. Moreover, both plants showed appreciable safety profiles in 2,000 mg/kg dose. The study concludes that both A. crispus and A. rigidifolius plants possess explicit pharmacognostic characteristics, show significant therapeutic effects against the cardinal signs of inflammation and hyperglycemia, also exhibit no in vivo toxicities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, aquatic plants, in vivo, pharmacognosy
  topic: keywords
creator: RANUJA SARVESWARAN
creator: W. J. A. BANUKIE JAYASURIYA
creator: BHAVANTHA DIAS
creator: ISURU KARIYAWASAM
creator: PRIYANI HETTIARACHCHI
creator: SUGANDHIKA SURESH
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry
date: 2025-01-19
publication date: 2025-01-19
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f230101

Biochemical evaluation on amelioration of oxidative stress and cardiovascular risk markers in hyperlipidemic rats treated with Kalanchoe pinnata aqueous extract
type: item
description: Abstract. Odinga-Israel TB, Lemii BC, Gabriel-Brisibe CU, Daka IR, Enebeli SK, Austin-Asomeji I, Ucheawaji F, Nodi CC. 2024. Biochemical evaluation on amelioration of oxidative stress and cardiovascular risk markers in hyperlipidemic rats treated with Kalanchoe pinnata aqueous extract. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 22: 98-105. The continuous use of plants as a raw material for medicines has gained wide acceptance due to their pharmacological bioactive compounds. Metabolic disorders such as hyperlipidemia could result in cardiovascular diseases. This study evaluated the effect of the aqueous extract of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. on the antioxidant, lipid profile, and clinical indices in hyperlipidemic female albino rats. The female albino rats were induced with hyperlipidemia using a high-fat diet mixture consisting of 68% powdered rat feed (standard rat chow pellet), 20% instant milk powder (peak milk), 6% corn oil (Mazola), and 6% ghee. Thirty female albino rats were grouped into 5, with 6 rats in each group. Group 1 served as normal control, group 2 was positive control, and group 3 was negative control, while groups 4 and 5 were administered 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg aqueous K. pinnata extract for 21 days. The body weight of the rats was recorded after 21 days. The rats were then sacrificed, and blood samples were collected to determine the antioxidant status, lipid profile, troponin, CK, and myoglobin levels of the rats using standard laboratory procedures. K. pinnata extract showed significant antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activities, with the most at 400 mg/kg, evidenced by a decrease in the TC, TG, and LDLC serum levels with a corresponding increase in the HDLC serum level for anti-hyperlipidemia. An increase in the GSH, GST, GPx, catalase, and SOD levels was observed with a corresponding decrease in MDA serum levels in the experimental rats. Although myoglobin, troponin, and CK are not acutely evaluated for myocardial infarction, they can be used for deduc…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Antioxidant status, anti-hyperlipidemia, creatine kinase, Kalanchoe pinnata, myoglobin, troponin
  topic: keywords
creator: TAMUNO-BOMA ODINGA-ISRAEL
creator: BARIZOGE CLETUS LEMII
creator: CHRISTINE U. GABRIEL-BRISIBE
creator: IYAENEOMI RANSOME DAKA
creator: SARAH K. ENEBELI
creator: IYINGIALA AUSTIN-ASOMEJI
creator: FELICIA UCHEAWAJI
creator: CONQUEST C. NODI
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry
date: 2024-11-18
publication date: 2024-11-18
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f220206

Investigating the effect of ethanolic extract of Dioclea reflexa seeds on antioxidant defense, lipid profile, liver and kidney peroxidation in adult male Wistar rats
type: item
description: Abstract. Adegbesan BO, Ezima EN, Adefuye AO, Osonuga IO. 2024. Investigating the effect of ethanolic extract of Dioclea reflexa seeds on antioxidant defense, lipid profile, liver and kidney peroxidation in adult male Wistar rats. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 22: 89-97. Several synthetic agents have been developed to combat oxidative stress associated with degenerative diseases, but factors including high cost, side effects, and lack of availability pose major setbacks in achieving the desired goal. Thus, it is therefore of utmost importance to explore the use of natural products that are less expensive and abundant in many plant sources to circumvent the alarming rates of these diseases. This study assessed the phytochemical content, the antioxidant properties of the ethanolic extract of Dioclea reflexa (Hook.f.) C.Wright seeds, and the e?ects of the extract on the lipid profile, liver, and kidney peroxidative systems of adult male Wistar rats. Therefore, 32 matured male Wistar rats (160-180) g were divided randomly into four treatment groups containing eight (8) rats each. Animals in the normal control group were treated with diluted ethanol, while those in the other three groups received an ethanolic seed extract of D. reflexa, 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 15 mg/kg, respectively. After two weeks of experimental study, the animals were allowed to fast overnight before sacrifice. After that, their whole blood, kidney, and liver tissues were taken for further analysis. Assays for lipid peroxidation (liver and kidney), antioxidants, and serum lipid profile were evaluated. Our results revealed that D. reflexa seeds ethanolic extract contains considerable amounts of phytochemicals; signi?cantly possesses antioxidant activities, repressed LDL and total cholesterol levels with a concomitant increase in HDL levels in Wistar rats; significantly reduced liver and lipid peroxidative damage, especially at 10 and 15 mg/kg doses relative to the control rats. This study suggests that the …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Antioxidants, cholesterol, Dioclea, lipid peroxidation, lipoprotein
  topic: keywords
creator: BUKUNOLA OLUYEMISI ADEGBESAN
creator: ESTHER NKECHI EZIMA
creator: ADEFEMI OLUWASEGUN ADEFUYE
creator: IFABUNMI ODUYEMI OSONUGA
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry
date: 2024-09-04
publication date: 2024-09-04
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f220205

Bioactive compounds of seven seagrass species from the Western Indian Ocean identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
type: item
description: Abstract. Maganga PY, Mbusi LD, Hamisi MI, Mgina CA, Lyimo TJ. 2024. Bioactive compounds of seven seagrass species from the Western Indian Ocean identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 22: 74-91. Seven seagrass species from the coast of Tanzania, namely Cymodocea serrulata, Halodule uninervis, Enhalus acoroides, Cymodocea rotundata, Syringodium isoetifolium, Thalassia hemprichii, and Thalassodendron ciliatum, were previously reported to have antibacterial activity against pathogenic microorganisms. This study presents the results of quantitative analysis of the phytocompound composition of hexane extracts of these seagrass species using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry technique. Overall, 24 known biologically active phytocompounds were revealed, with commonly found compounds being steroids, namely stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol acetate and 3? sitosterol acetate. On the other hand, 3?-cholest-5-en-3-ol tetradecanoate was found only in C. rotundata and T. ciliatum. Hydrocarbons (1-nonadecene and tetracosane) and a diterpene (phytol acetate) were found only in H. uninervis and T. ciliatum. In addition, pentadecanal and n-hexadecanoic acid were found in C. rotundata and T. hemprichii, respectively, while heneicosane and hexadecanoic acid methyl ester were found in T. ciliatum only. Moreover, T. ciliatum was found to contain more compounds than other seagrass species. This study reports for the first time the occurrence of fourteen compounds from seagrass species. All seven seagrass species are rich sources of phytocompounds with various pharmacological properties, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory activities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biological activities, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, hexane extracts, phytocompounds, seagrass roots and leaves
  topic: keywords
creator: PHILIPO Y. MAGANGA
creator: LUCY D. MBUSI
creator: MARIAM I. HAMISI
creator: CLARENCE A. MGINA
creator: THOMAS J. LYIMO
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry
date: 2024-08-12
publication date: 2024-08-12
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f220204

Antibacterial activities of combinations of areca nuts (Areca catechu), cardamon seeds (Amomum compactum), and green betel leaves (Piper betle) ethanol extracts against Staphylococcus aureus
type: item
description: Abstract. Prasetya AA, Etikawati N, Susilowati A. 2024. Antibacterial activities of combinations of areca nuts (Areca catechu), cardamon seeds (Amomum compactum), and green betel leaves (Piper betle) ethanol extracts against Staphylococcus aureus. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 22: 67-73. Areca nut (Areca catechu L.), Javanese cardamom seed (Amomum compactum Soland. ex Maton), and betel leaf (Piper betle L.) are well-known as the formulas for betel quid chewing in Indonesia. According to tradition, betel quid chewing can prevent tooth decay, gum diseases, and lousy breath. This study investigated the antibacterial activity of the single extract with various concentrations (10 mg/mL, 15 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL, and 25 mg/mL) and combined extracts with ratios (1:1:1, 2:1:1, 1:2:1, and 1:1:2) against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 using the disc diffusion method based on EUCAST. Data was analyzed on the inhibition zones using one-way ANOVA and Duncan multiple-range tests. The antibacterial activity of each ethanol extract has an optimal concentration of 20 mg/mL against S. aureus. The extracts of areca nut, betel leaves, and Javanese cardamom seed obtained inhibitory zone diameters of 8.70±0.570 mm, 7.50±0.395 mm, and 7.35±0.379 mm, respectively. The combinations of three extracts obtained inhibitory zone diameters of 9.60±0.379 mm and 9.90±0.675 mm in 1:1:1 and 2:1:1 ratios, demonstrating a significant effect of the inhibition zone (p<0.05) compared to other ratio combinations and single extracts. These combinations of extracts also show a synergistic effect against S. aureus.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Amomum compactum, antimicrobial agents, Areca catechu, combinations extract, dental plaque, Piper betle
  topic: keywords
creator: AKSAL ANGGARA PRASETYA
creator: NITA ETIKAWATI
creator: ARI SUSILOWATI
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry
date: 2024-07-23
publication date: 2024-07-23
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f220203

Solanum anomalum leaf extract mitigated doxorubicin-induced kidney toxicity and oxidative stress in male rats
type: item
description: Abstract. Okokon JE, Onunkun JA, Anagboso MO, Udobang JA. 2024. Solanum anomalum leaf extract mitigated doxorubicin-induced kidney toxicity and oxidative stress in male rats. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 22: 59-66. Solanum anomalum Thonn. ex Schumach (family Solanaceae) is a shrub whose leaves are used locally to treat various diseases. Evaluation of the antidotal activity of leaf extract of S. anomalum was carried out to ascertain its uses in traditional medicine. The leaf extract (70-210 mg/kg) of S. anomalum was investigated for nephroprotective activity against doxorubicin-induced kidney toxicity in rats. Kidney function parameters, kidney histology, and kidney oxidative stress markers were used to assess the kidney protective effect of the extract. The leaf extract (70-210 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05-0.01) reduced the levels of creatinine, urea, and electrolytes that were elevated by doxorubicin. Also, the MDA level elevated by doxorubicin was reduced by the extract co-administration, while the levels of GSH, GST, SOD, GPx, and CAT that were decreased by doxorubicin were significantly (p<0.01) elevated by the leaf extract. Histology of the kidney sections of extract-treated animals showed reductions in the pathological features compared to the organotoxic-treated animals. The chemical pathological changes were consistent with histopathological observations, suggesting marked nephroprotective potential. The anti-toxic effect of this plant may, in part, be mediated through the plant's chemical constituents. S. anomalum possesses anti-toxicant properties that can be exploited in treating doxorubicin-related toxicities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Doxorubicin, oxidative stress, renoprotective, Solanum anomalum
  topic: keywords
creator: JUDE E. OKOKON
creator: JOHN AYOOLA ONUNKUN
creator: MARTIN OSITA ANAGBOSO
creator: JOHN A. UDOBANG
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry
date: 2024-07-02
publication date: 2024-07-02
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f220202

Hippocratea africana root extract and fractions ameliorated carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress and kidney injuries in rats
type: item
description: Abstract. Noah K, Edem UA, Iyanyi UL, Ajaghaku DL, Okokon JE. 2024. Hippocratea africana root extract and fractions ameliorated carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress and kidney injuries in rats. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 22: 51-58. A common cause of renal failure with potential side effects is drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Renal damage in experiments is frequently induced chemically using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), a well-known environmental contaminant with nephrotoxic effects. Intoxicated animals to CCl4 experience experimental oxidative stress in various physiological conditions that promote peroxidative degeneration in different tissues by binding to lipids, proteins, and DNA. The root of Hippocratea africana (Willd.) Loes. was investigated to confirm its nephron-protective potential in CCl4-induced kidney injury in rats. The root extract at the concentrations range of 200-600 mg/kg and its fractions, dichloromethane (DCM) and aqueous at the concentration of 400 mg/kg, was evaluated concerning the kidney damage in the rats induced with carbon tetrachloride (1.5 mL/kg). The anti-oxidative stress and reno-protective potentials of root extract and fractions in rats were determined by observing histological alterations, parameters of kidney function, and oxidative stress markers. The administration of root extract and fractions caused a significant (p < 0.05-0.001) increase in oxidative stress markers (SOD, CAT, GPx, SOD, and GSH) in the kidney, while the MDA level was decreased. The root extract/fractions also caused a significant (p<0.05-0.001) reduction in serum levels of creatinine, urea, and electrolytes in the rats significantly (p<0.05). The kidney histology of the rats treated with H. africana extract showed fewer abnormal characteristics than the organotoxic group. The findings demonstrated that the H. africana root extract and fractions could preserve the nephron and prevent oxidative stress. They also prevented CCl4-induced renal damage in rats, p…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Antioxidant, anti-toxicant, Hippocratea africana, kidney protective, oxidative stress
  topic: keywords
creator: KUFRE NOAH
creator: UTIBE A. EDEM
creator: UCHECHUKWU L. IYANYI
creator: DANIEL L. AJAGHAKU
creator: JUDE E. OKOKON
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry
date: 2024-07-02
publication date: 2024-07-02
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f220201

Ethanol leaf extract of Alchornea cordifolia (Euphorbiaceae) effects on reproductive dysfunctions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats
type: item
description: Abstract. Ejeh SA, Abu HA, Onyeyili PA, Abenga JN, Abalaka SE, Enefe NG, Eugiene I. 2024. Ethanol leaf extract of Alchornea cordifolia (Euphorbiaceae) effects on reproductive dysfunctions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 22: 35-42. Diabetes and some of its treatment agents reportedly induce male reproductive dysfunction in male Wistar rats. Therefore, the study investigated the therapeutic effects of ethanol leaf extract of Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Müll. Arg. on diabetic male Wistar rats. Twenty-five male Wistar rats were used, and 50 mg/kg freshly prepared streptozotocin in cool citrate buffer single intraperitoneal injection was used to induce diabetes mellitus. The rats were grouped into 5 of 5 rats each. Group 1 was normal + distilled water; group II was diabetic untreated; group III was diabetic + 100 mg/kg metformin HCl; and IV and V rats were diabetic and received 100 and 200 mg/kg of the extract orally, respectively. Treatment was done for 28 days; after that, reproductive parameters such as extrapyramidal sperm parameters (sperm motility, count, concentrations, viability, morphology, and acrosome integrity) and hormonal assay (FSH, LH, and Testosterone) were evaluated using a standard protocol. Testicular and epididymal histopathological changes were analyzed using standard procedure. The results revealed a marked impairment in all the parameters evaluated in the untreated diabetic group. However, groups exposed to the ethanol leaf extract of A. cordifolia recorded a significant (p <0.05) improvement in the above-mentioned reproductive parameters, including the restorations of the collapsed epididymal tubules observed in the diabetic untreated group. Therefore, the ethanol leaf extract of A. cordifolia can potentially facilitate and restore reproductive dysfunctions associated with diabetes mellitus complications, hence a possible alternative to synthetic antidiabetic agents.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Alchornea cordifolia, diabetes mellitus, histopathology, morphometry, sperm parameters
  topic: keywords
creator: SUNDAY AUGUSTINE EJEH
creator: HYACINTH ADAKOLE ABU
creator: PATRICK AZUIBIKE ONYEYILI
creator: JERRY NGUTOR ABENGA
creator: SAMSON ENEOJO ABALAKA
creator: NDIDI GLORY ENEFE
creator: ISHAKU EUGIENE
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry
date: 2024-06-10
publication date: 2024-06-10
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f220105

Ethnomedicine, improved traditional medicine from Cocos nucifera water and evaluation of antibacterial activity on four bacterial strains in Center, Cameroon
type: item
description: Abstract. Lamy GML, Likeng JLN, Ndjib RC, Ndounga SEN, Elomo LB, Mbuh SM, Nnanga LS, Mahama, Biyon JBN, Harmsen K, Nga EN, Tchinda AT. 2024. Ethnomedicine, improved traditional medicine from Cocos nucifera water and evaluation of antibacterial activity on four bacterial strains in Center, Cameroon. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 22: 27-34. In 2017, the WHO published its first list of “priority pathogens” resistant to antibiotics to combat growing antimicrobial resistance globally. These include bacteria that are multi-resistant to several antibiotics (Acinetobacter, Escherichia, etc.) and others (Salmonella, Shigella, etc.). Currently, research is focused on new antibiotics and medicinal plants are among the favored natural resources. Worldwide, Cocos nucifera water (Arecaceae) or coconut water, is traditionally reported to fight bacterial diseases. Unfortunately, information is lacking on its antibacterial potential in Center, Cameroon. The aim is to determine the traditional antibacterial uses of this water in Central, Cameroon. Then, transform this water into Improved Traditional Medicine (ITM). Finally, evaluate the antibacterial activity of ITM on 4 bacterial strains following the respective Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of 0.015 and 0.25 µg/mL. The methods were ethnomedicinal surveys, the pre-formulation protocol of medicinal syrup, and sensitivity tests in liquid and solid media. Therefore, 76 informants belonging to several ethnolinguistic groups participated. Women (55.27%) exceed men (44.73%) traditionally used coconut water more to treat digestive disorders (stomachache and constipation). An antibacterial ITM named Coco Water Cure (CWC) was manufactured. The more sensitive Salmonella enteritidis and Shigella dysenteriae bacteria with CWC had an MIC of 0.25 µL/mL, respectively. In conclusion, coconut water containing actives compounds such as lauric acid is eligible among the natural antibiotic resources from…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Antibiotic resistance, coconut water, MIC, pathogens, traditional medicine
  topic: keywords
creator: GEORGES MAXIME LAMY LAMY
creator: JULIENNE LOUISE NGO LIKENG
creator: ROSETTE CHRISTELLE NDJIB
creator: SANDRINE EMILIE NGO NDOUNGA
creator: L’AFRICAINE BLANCHE ELOMO
creator: SALIOH M. MBUH
creator: LEILA SANDRA NNANGA
creator: MAHAMA MAHAMA
creator: JACQUES BRUNO NGOTTA BIYON
creator: KARL HARMSEN
creator: EMMANUEL NNANGA NGA
creator: ALEMBERT TIABOU TCHINDA
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry
date: 2024-06-01
publication date: 2024-06-01
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f220104

Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Salmonella, toxicity and biochemical effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts in mice
type: item
description: Abstract. Ngemenya MN, Itoe LO, Awah LA, Asongana R, Ndip RA. 2024. Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Salmonella, toxicity and biochemical effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts in mice. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 22: 43-50. The emergence of multidrug resistance has significantly compromised the treatment of Salmonella infections. The anti-Salmonella activity, toxicity, and biochemical effects of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf crude extracts were studied by disc diffusion and microdilution against Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) strains. Cytotoxicity was investigated on monkey kidney epithelial cells (LLCMK2) and acute toxicity in BALB/c mice. Both hexane (MOHEX) and methanol (MOMET) extracts produced small zones of inhibition of 8mm at 1 mg and 2 mg per disc, indicating weak activity, but the minimum inhibitory concentration showed high (0.0625 mg/mL) to low activity (10 mg/mL) activity. No minimum bactericidal concentration was recorded at the concentrations tested. The 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) for methanol and hexane extracts were 2524 µg/mL and 5004 µg/mL, respectively, indicating a low risk of toxicity. No mortality or adverse effects were recorded in the acute toxicity test. Both extracts had no significant effects (p < 0.05) on renal function and one liver enzyme (alanine aminotransferase), but MOMET significantly increased aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.04), suggesting possible liver toxicity. The study shows that M. oleifera leaves possess bacteriostatic activity against multidrug-resistant Salmonella and are non-toxic; hence, it is a potential alternative treatment against multidrug-resistant Salmonella. Further studies of fractions and pure natural products of the extracts should be pursued.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Antibacterial, biochemical, Moringa oleifera, multidrug-resistance, Salmonella, toxicity
  topic: keywords
creator: MOSES NJUTAIN NGEMENYA
creator: LAMSON OTTOTOH ITOE
creator: LAUPY ANNE AWAH
creator: RODOLPH ASONGANA
creator: RITA AYUK NDIP
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry
date: 2024-06-10
publication date: 2024-06-10
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f220106

Medicinal plants used in the management of cancer and other diseases in Swat District, Pakistan
type: item
description: Abstract. Ali S, Munazir M. 2024. Medicinal?plants used?in the management of?cancer?and other diseases in Swat District, Pakistan. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 22: 8-18. The provision of healthcare in impoverished nations is significantly influenced by traditional medicine. It has been revealed that many cancer patients use traditional medicine, either as a complementary therapy or as a primary treatment. Among noncontagious infections, cancer is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aimed to determine the plants that people in the Swat regions, Pakistan used to treat cancer through traditional medicine. Interviewing consenting individuals about the ethno-medicinal plants they use to treat cancer was done using a structured questionnaire. Also, an assessment of the literature published on the mentioned plants was done. Questions about plants used to cure cancer, parts of plants used, the form of cancer cured, therapeutic applications of the plants, and the preparation and administration of the plant parts were posed to the practitioners and the locals. About 12 plants in all, comprising five herbs, three climbers, three trees, and one shrub, were used to treat cancer. About 50% of plants contain flavonoids, compounds with various anticancer properties. Fruits accounted for 41% of all the parts used in the documented species, with leaves coming in second at 25%, bark at 17%, roots at 17%, and the entire plant at 8%. However, the highest RFC was shown by Vitis vinifera L. (0.56), the lowest was shown by Viola biflora L. (0.03), while the highest FL was shown by Hedera nepalensis K.Koch (83), and the lowest was shown by V. biflora (30). According to the study, the gathered plants were used to treat a variety of malignancies: general tumors were treated by 75% of the plants, breast cancer was treated by 17%, and lung cancer was treated by 8%. The reported uses of the medicinal plants from prior ethno-pharmacological studies conducted in Swa…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bioactive compounds, cancer, local people, medicinal plants, Swat
  topic: keywords
creator: SHUJAT ALI
creator: MEHMOODA MUNAZIR
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry
date: 2024-03-17
publication date: 2024-03-17
doi: 10.13057/biofar/f220102