Comprehensive phytochemical analysis of Momordica charantia ethanol extract: Insights from Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy and in-silico ADMET studies

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##

PDF
Issue
Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025)
Section
Articles

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

SANJIB KUMAR MOHANTY
Department of Zoology, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management. Bhubaneshwar Campus, Jatni, PO-Ramchandrapur, Odisha 752050, India
YASHASWI NAYAK ♥
Department of Zoology, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management. Bhubaneshwar Campus, Jatni, PO-Ramchandrapur, Odisha 752050, India
LOPAMUDRA SAHOO
Department of Zoology, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management. Bhubaneshwar Campus, Jatni, PO-Ramchandrapur, Odisha 752050, India

Abstract

Abstract. Mohanty SK, Nayak Y, Sahoo L. 2024. Comprehensive phytochemical analysis of Momordica charantia ethanol extract: Insights from Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy and in-silico ADMET studies. Asian J Agric 8: 1-9. The Momordica charantia L. plant, also known as bitter gourd or bitter melon, is a crucial herbal remedy with a wide range of medicinal properties. It contains various essential phytocompounds, which contribute to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective. The study investigates the phytochemical profile of M. charantia (bitter melon) ethanol extract using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, coupled with an in-silico ADMET assessment of the identified compounds. GC-MS analysis revealed a diverse range of phytoconstituents, including bioactive compounds such as Vitamin E, gentisic acid, cucurbitacin B dihydro, and various fatty acid esters, known for their potential therapeutic benefits. These compounds were further analysed using in-silico ADMET tools to predict their pharmacokinetic & Physiochemistry profiles. The results indicated that the majority of the identified compounds possess favourable ADMET properties, including good oral bioavailability and moderate toxicity levels, suggesting their potential as candidates for drug development. However, certain compounds, such as cucurbitacin, dihydro, and gentesic acid exhibited potential toxicity, necessitating careful consideration in therapeutic applications. The integration of GC-MS with in-silico ADMET analysis provides a data of the pharmacological potential and safety of M. charantia ethanol extract, supporting its traditional use and encouraging further exploration as a source of bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical development.

2017-01-01

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

References
Aherne SA, O'Brien NM. 2002. Dietary flavonols: Chemistry, food content, and metabolism. Nutrition 79 (3): 228-245. DOI: 10.1016/S0899-9007(01)00695-5.
Barua R, Talukder MEU, Islam MS, Yesmin F, Chakma K, Kabir MG, Bhuiyan RH. 2020. Nutritional analysis and phytochemical evaluation of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) from Bangladesh. Asian J Agric Food Sci 8 (2): 11-17. DOI: 10.24203/ajafs.v8i2.6094.
Bortolotti M, Mercatelli D, Polito L. 2019. Momordica charantia, a nutraceutical approach for inflammatory related diseases. Front Pharmacol 10: 486. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00486.
Chan AE, Laskowski RA, Selwood DL. 2010. Chemical fragments that hydrogen bond to asp, glu, arg, and his side chains in protein binding sites. J Med Chem 53 (8): 3086-3094. DOI: 10.1021/jm901696w.
Çiçek SS. 2022. Momordica charantia L.—diabetes-related bioactivities, quality control, and safety considerations. Front Pharmacol 13: 904643. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.904643.
Cortez-Navarrete M, Méndez-del Villar M, Ramos-González EJ, Pérez-Rubio KG. 2021. Momordica charantia: A review of its effects on metabolic diseases and mechanisms of action. J Med Food 24 (10): 1017-1027. DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0206.
Daina A, Michielin O, Zoete V. 2017. SwissADME: A free web tool to evaluate pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness and medicinal chemistry friendliness of small molecules. Sci Rep 7 (1): 42717. DOI: 10.1038/srep42717.
Deepa S, Suresh D, Prasad PS. 2021. In silico and in vitro analysis of antioxidant potential of phenolic acids. J Antioxid Res 9 (2): 112-120.
Hussain R, Zubair H, Pursell S, Shahab M. 2018. Neurodegenerative diseases: Regenerative mechanisms and novel therapeutic approaches. Brain Sc 8 (9): 177. DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8090177.
Jia S, Shen M, Zhang F, Xie J. 2017. Recent advances in Momordica charantia: functional components and biological activities. Intl J Mol Sci 18 (12): 2555. DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122555.
Johari NA, Sapi’i NA, Hieng ALJ, Ab Latif N, Amran SI, Hasham R, Jemon K. 2024. In vitro and in silico evaluation of andrographis paniculata ethanolic crude extracts on fatty acid synthase expression on breast cancer cells. Biomedicine 14 (2): 60. DOI: 10.37796/2211-8039.1444.
Kim K, Lee S, Kang I, Kim JH. 2018. Momordica charantia ethanol extract attenuates H2O2- induced cell death by its antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties in human neuroblastoma SK-N-MC Cells. Nutrients 10 (10): 1368-1368. DOI: 10.3390/nu10101368.
Lipinski CA. 2004. Lead- and drug-like compounds: The rule-of-five revolution. Drug Discov Today: Technol 1 (4): 337-341. DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2004.11.007.
Mohanty SK, Nayak Y. 2024. A review on: Nutraceutical and neuropotective approaches of Momordica charantia L. fruits against neurodegenerative disease. Intl J Basic Clin Pharmacol 13: 739-745. DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20242440.
Nirupama KV, Nesalin JAJ, Mani TT. 2018. Extraction, isolation and characterization of charantin from Momordica charantia fruit. Eur J Pharm Med Res 5 (12): 370-374.
Paredes-López O, Cervantes-Ceja ML, Vigna-Pérez M. 2018. Phenolic acids: Antioxidant properties and their role in disease prevention. Current Topics Med Chem 18 (3): 1-15.
Poolperm S, Jiraungkoorskul W. 2017. An update review on the anthelmintic activity of bitter gourd, Momordica charantia. Pharmacogn Rev 11 (21): 31-34. DOI: 10.4103/phrev.phrev_52_16.
Pradhan B, Saha M, Das K. 2022. Toxicity and therapeutic evaluation of gentisic acid in oxidative stress-induced models. J Pharmacol Toxicol 17 (5): 305-315.
Pukrittayakamee S, Chanthavanich P, Tanomsing N et al. 2018. Quinine and its adverse effects in malaria treatment. Trop Med Intl Health 23 (9): 980-987.
Saeed F, Afzaal M, Niaz B, Arshad MU, Tufail T, Hussain MB, Javed A. 2018. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia): A natural healthy vegetable. Intl J Food Prop 21 (1): 1270-1290. DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2018.1446023.
Sarkar P, Das S, Dey R. 2020. Neuroprotective role of gentisic acid in Alzheimer's disease models. J Neurosci Res 98 (12): 2550-2560.
Sorifa AM. 2018. Nutritional compositions, health promoting phytochemicals and value added products of bitter gourd: A review. Intl Food Res J 25 (5): 1763-1772.
Stettin D, Poulin RX, Pohnert G. 2020. Metabolomics benefits from orbitrap GC-MS—comparison of low-and high-resolution GC-MS. Metabolites 10 (4): 143-159. DOI: 10.3390/metabo10040143.
Sun L, Zhang X, Dong L, Zhang C, Guo P, Wu C. 2021. The triterpenoids of the bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) and their pharmacological activities: A review. J Food Compos Anal 96: 103726. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103726.
Thakur V. 2018. Yield and yield contributing traits of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) genotypes. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 7 (3): 844-846.
Tupe SB, Patil PD, Thoke RB, Aparadh VT. 2013. Phytochemical Screening in some Cucurbitaceae members. Intl Res J Pharm Appl Sci 3 (1): 49-51.
Zhang F, Lin L, Xie J. 2016. A mini-review of chemical and biological properties of polysaccharides from Momordica charantia. Intl J Biol Macromol 92: 246-253. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.101.
Zhang Q, Zheng L, Luo D, Zhao M. 2023. In vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion stability of a neuroprotective octapeptide WCPFSRSF and prediction of potential bioactive peptides in its digestive fragments by multiple bioinformatics tools. J Agric Food Chem 71 (18): 6987-6998. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00221.