Farmers’ perceptions of fall armyworm pest management practices in Bali, Indonesia
Article Sidebar
Abstract Views: 0
File Views: 0
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract. Dewi RK, Ustriyana ING, Zulazmi, Yudha IKW. 2026. Farmers’ perceptions of fall armyworm pest management practices in Bali, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100171. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100171. Maize crops in Bali, Indonesia, are widely affected by the fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda), causing significant economic losses. This study aimed to assess farmers’ perceptions of fall armyworm infestation and its perceived economic impacts, and to document pest management practices among maize farmers in Bali. This study used survey data obtained from 200 farmers from April 2024 to May 2025 across 9 districts and 1 city in Bali and was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Farmers’ education levels ranged from elementary school to bachelor’s degree, with most farmers having more than 10 years of farming experience. Approximately 52% of farmers reported 50-75% crop losses due to fall armyworm infestation during the dry season, which is perceived to affect farmers’ income. Most farmers perceived fall armyworm as a major threat to maize production. A total of 78% of farmers were able to correctly identify FAW, and 77% agreed that infestation reduces income. Emamectin benzoate was the most commonly used pesticide (28%) in pest management practices. The widespread use of synthetic pesticides was reported, often without adequate personal protective equipment, and pesticide application was not always aligned with recommended guidelines. These findings suggest the need for practical interventions, including farmer training and extension programs that can be implemented by the local government to improve pest management practices and reduce the impact of fall armyworm in Bali.
Article Details
Issue
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Baudron F, Zaman-Allah MA, Chaipa I, Chari N, Chinwada P. 2019. Understanding the factors influencing fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) damage in African smallholder maize fields and quantifying its impact on yield. Crop Prot 120: 141-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2019.01.028.
Day R, Abrahams P, Bateman M, Beale T, Clottey V, Cock M, Colmenarez Y, Corniani N, Early R, Godwin J, Gomez J, Moreno PG, Murphy ST, Oppong-Mensah B, Phiri N, Pratt C, Silvestri S, Witt A. 2017. Fall armyworm: Impacts and implications for Africa. Outlooks on Pest Manag 28 (5): 196-201. https://doi.org/10.1564/v28_oct_02.
Early R, González-Moreno P, Murphy ST, Day R. 2018. Forecasting the global extent of invasion of the cereal pest Spodoptera frugiperda. NeoBiota 40: 25-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.40.28165.
Ihdhinashta I, Yunus L, Zani M. 2023. The productivity and income analysis of corn farming in Lalodati Sub-District, Puuwatu District, Kendari City. Buletin Penelitian Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian 25 (1): 19-25. https://doi.org/10.37149/bpsosek.v25i1.154.
Kalyebi A, Otim MH, Walsh T, Tay WT. 2023. Farmer perception of impacts of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) and transferability of its management practices in Uganda. CABI Agri Bios 4: 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43170-023-00150-w.
Kansiime MK, Mugambi I, Rwomushana I, Nunda W, Lamontagne-Godwin J, Rware H, Phiri NA, Chipabika G, Ndlovu M, Day R. 2019. Farmer perception of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiderda J.E. Smith) and farm-level management practices in Zambia. Pest Manag Sci 75 (10): 2840-2850. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5504.
Kusano E, Poapongsakorn N, Jantarasiri U, Pantakua K, Tran CH, Khin Akari Tar, Kong T, Phimphachanhvongsod VV, Kobori Y. 2025. Government and farmer responses to the fall armyworm outbreak in mainland Southeast Asia. Front Insect Sci 4: 1455585. https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2024.1455585.
Li Y, Qin G, He F, Zou K, Zuo B, Liu R, Zhang W, Yang B, Zhao G, Jia G. 2022. Investigation and analysis of pesticide residues in edible fungi produced in the mid-western region of China. Food Cont 136: 108857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108857.
Maharani Y, Dewi VK, Puspasari LT, Rizkie L, Hidayat Y, Dono D. 2019. Cases of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda attack on maize in Bandung, Garut, and Sumedang District, West Java. J Cropsaver 2 (1): 38-46. https://doi.org/10.24198/cropsaver.v2i1.23013.
Midega CAO, Pittchara JO, Pickettb JA, Hailua GW, Khana ZR. 2018. A climate-adapted push-pull system effectively controls fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J E Smith), in maize in East Africa. Crop Protec 105: 10-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2017.11.003.
Montezano DG, Specht A, Sosa-Gómez DR, Roque-Specht VF, Sousa-Silva JC, Paula-Moraes SV, Peterson JA, Hun TE. 2018. Host plants of Spodoptera frugiperda in the Americas. Afr Entomol 26 (2): 286-300. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.026.0286.
Paredes-Sánchez FA, Rivera G, Bocanegra-García V, Martínez-Padrón HY, Berrones-Morales M, Niño-García N, Herrera-Mayorga V. 2021. Advances in control strategies against Spodoptera frugiperda. Molecules 26 (18): 5587. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185587.
Pathak VM, Verma VK, Rawat BS, Kaur B, Babu N, Sharma A, Dewali S, Yadav M, Kumari R, Singh S, Mohapatra A, Pandey V, Rana N, Cunill JM. 2022. Current status of pesticide effects on environment, human health, and its eco-friendly management as bioremediation: A comprehensive review. Front Microbiol 13: 962619. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.962619.
Rai PK, Singh JS. 2020. Invasive alien plant species: Their impact on environment, ecosystem services and human health. Ecol Indic 111: 106020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.106020.
Rane R, Walsh TK, Lenancker P et al.2023. Complex multiple introductions drive fall armyworm invasions into Asia and Australia. Sci Rep 13: 660. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-27501-x.
Sartiami D, Dadang, Harahap IS, Kusumah YM, Anwar R. 2020. First record fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Indonesia and its occurrence in three provinces. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 468: 012021. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/468/1/012021.
Schreinemachers P, Balasubramaniam S, Boopathi NM, Ha CV, Kenyon L, Praneetvatakul S, Sirijinda A, Le NT, Srinivasan R, Wu M-H. 2015. Farmers' perceptions and management of plant viruses in vegetables and legumes in tropical and subtropical Asia. Crop Prot 75: 115-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2015.05.012.
Sesay, Victor RE, Sesay F, Azizi MI, Rahmani, B. 2024. Invasive species and biodiversity: Mechanisms, impacts, and strategic management for ecological preservation. Asian J Environ Ecol 23 (9): 82-95. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i9600.
Supartha IW, Susila IW, Sunari AAAAS, Mahaputra IGF, Yudha IKW, Wiradana PA. 2021. Damage characteristics and distribution patterns of invasive pest, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize crop in Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22 (6): 3378-3389. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d220645.
Togola A, Beyene Y, Bocco R, Tepa-Yotto G, Gowda M, Too A, Boddupalli P. 2025. Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Africa: Insights into biology, ecology and impact on staple crops, food systems and management approaches. Front Agron 7: 1538198. https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2025.1538198.
Yudha IKW, Supartha IW, Susila IW, Sudiarta P, Wijaya IN, Wiradana PA. 2024. New occurrence of corn and rice strains of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Bali and Lesser Sunda (Indonesia): Genetic diversity, distribution, and damage. Biodiversitas 25 (5): 1890-1900. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d250505.
Zhou W, Arcot Y, Medina RF, Bernal J, Cisneros-Zevallos L, Akbulut MES. 2024. Integrated pest management: An update on the sustainability approach to crop protection. ACS Omega 9 (40): 41130-41147. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c06628.
Zhou W, Li M, Achal V. 2025. A comprehensive review on environmental and human health impacts of chemical pesticide usage. Emerging Cont 11 (1): 100410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100410.