Review: Iloilo’s Balut Industry (Philippines)-An exploration of the environment, social organizations, and consumer demands
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Abstract. Vergara TID, Alejandria MC, Lustanas B. 2020. Review: Iloilo’s Balut Industry (Philippines)-An exploration of the environment, social organizations, and consumer demands. Asian J Agric 4: 41-51. The province of Iloilo has one of the highest numbers of small-scale duck farms in the country. Its agricultural landscape has allowed the rise of farmers entering duck raising practices, mainly along with rice fields throughout the province. However, continuous interventions in the agricultural sector of Iloilo are directed at boosting economic growth. This paper provides a qualitative evaluation of the efficiency of current policies and implementation of rules and regulations on both the duck and duck egg industry of the Province of Iloilo. Findings revealed the need to address issues on the production, distribution, and marketing of the duck and duck egg products of the province. Environmental conditions such as climate and water access, along with the role of social organizations, and impact of existing policies play a key role in the current trajectory of the Iloilo duck industry.
2017-01-01
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References
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Sanceda, N., Ueda, K., Ibenez, J., Suzuki, E., Kasai, M., &Hatae, K. (2007). Some fine aspects boiled and historical fertilized background and of " Balut " and “Penoy”, boiled incubated fertilized and unfertilized duck eggs. Journal of Cookery Science of Japan, 40(4), 231–238.
Socheth, H. (2012). Foreign Investment in Agriculture in Cambodia: A survey of recent trends. International Institute for Sustainable Development.
Steyn, N. P., Labadarios, D., &Nel, J. H. (2011). Factors which influence the consumption of street foods and fast foods in South Africa - A national survey. Nutrition Journal, 10(1), 104. http://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-10-104
Su, S., No, Y., Wong, G., Gray, G., Gao, G., & Li, S. (2015). Epidemiology, Evolution, and Recent Outbreaks of Avian Influenza Virus in China. Journal of Virology, 89(17), 8671–8676.
Suh, J. (2014). Theory and reality of integrated rice-duck farming in Asian developing countries: A systematic review and SWOT analysis. Agricultural Systems, 125, 74–81.
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Adzitey, F., &Adzitey, S. P. (2011). Duck Production: Has a Potential to Reduce Poverty among Rural Households in Asian Communities – A Review. J. World’s Poult. Res. Journal Homepage: J. World’s Poult. Res, 1(11), 7–10.
Arthur, J., Wiseman, K., & Cheng, K. M. (2015). Salted and preserved duck eggs: A consumer market segmentation analysis. Poultry Science, 94(8), 1942–1956. http://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev118
Asç?, M. S., Çemberci, M., Civelek, M. E. C., &Gunel, D. (2015). Groups and Their Effects in Organizations. European Scientific Journal, 11(32), 1857–7881.
Boquet, Y. (2017). Farm Production and Rural Landscapes. Springer Geography.
Bruni, L., Gilli, M., &Pelligra, V. (2008). Reciprocity: Theory and facts. International Review of Economics, 55(1–2), 1–11. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12232-008-0042-9
Calderon, J. (2014). Balut--how to eat that fertilized duck egg of the Philippines. CNN.
Chang, H.-S., Dagaas, C., de Castro, N., Ranola, R., Lambio, A., &Malabayuabas, M. L. (2003). An overview of the Philippine duck industry. 47th Annual Conference Of the Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society. Retrieved from https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/57842/files/2003_chang1.pdf%0Ahttp://ideas.repec.org/p/ags/aare03/57842.html
Chang, H. S., &Villano, R. (2008). Technical and socio-economic constraints to duck production in the Philippines: A productivity analysis. International Journal of Poultry Science, 7(10), 940–948. http://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2008.940.948
Commission on Audit. (2018). Region 6 Executive Summary 2016-2017. Retrieved from https://www.coa.gov.ph/phocadownloadpap/userupload/annual_audit_report/GOCCs/2017/COA-Regional-Offices/Region-VI/MetroIloiloWD-R6_ES2016-2017.pdf
dela Torre, V. R. (2002). Cultural Icons of the Philippines.
Department of Environment and Natural Resources. (2019). Regional Profile. Retrieved February 20, 2019, from http://r6.denr.gov.ph/index.php/about-us/regional-profile
Dikitanan, R., Grosjean, G., Nowak, A., Leyte, J. (2017). Climate-Resilient Agriculture in the Philippines. Retrieved from https://cgspace.cgiar.org/rest/bitstreams/118716/retrieve
Dolan, R. E. (1991). Philippines: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress. Retrieved from http://countrystudies.us/philippines/
DOST-PCAARRD. (2017). ITIK PINAS: Development, promotion and utilization in building rural enterprises. Retrieved from http://www.pcaarrd.dost.gov.ph/home/portal/index.php/quick-information-dispatch/2970-itik-pinas-development-promotion-and-utilization-in-building-rural-enterprises
Escobin, R. J., Medialdia, M. T., &Caramihan, C. F. (2009). Quality of “Balut” (Fertilized Duck Egg) Produced in Four Rice-Duck Zones of Laguna. Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 35(1).
Fernandez, D. G. (2002). Street Food in Manila. Budhi: A Journal of Ideas and Culture.
Food and Agriculture Organization. (2009a). Investigation of duck production and hatcheries and duckling supply in Cambodia. Rome.
Food and Agriculture Organization. (2009b). Street foods. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fcit/food-processing/street-foods/en/
Forssell, S. (2008). Rice Price Policy in Thailand-Policy Making and Recent Developments.
Funtecha, H. F. (1981). Iloilo’s Weaving Industry During The 19th Century. Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society, 9(4), 301–308.
Galopez, C., Herbalega, C. M., Canonicato, C., Españo, M., & Francisco, A. J. (2017). Food Safety Awareness and Practices of Street Food Vendors in Iloilo City. In 2017 CEBU International Conference on Studies in Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities. Retrieved from http://uruae.org/siteadmin/upload/UH0117430.pdf
Gilbert, M., Xiao, X., Chaitaweesub, P., Kalpravidh, W., Premashthira, S., & Boles, S. (2007). Avian influenza, domestic ducks, and rice agriculture in Thailand. Jan Slingenbergh, 119(3–4), 409–115.
Greenpeace. (2007). The state of water resources in the Philippines. Greenpeace Southeast Asia. Quezon. http://doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.2001.035
Hui-Shung, C., &Dagaas, C. (2004). The Philippine Duck Industry?: Issues and Research Needs. University of New England.
Iloilo City Government. (2019). Iloilo City Attractions. Retrieved from https://iloilocity.gov.ph/main/attractions/
Iloilo Economic Development Foundation Inc. (2018). Agribusiness. Retrieved from https://investiniloilo.com/invest-in-iloilo/agribusiness/
Iloilo Metropolitan Times. (2016). Landmarks of History in the Sweet City of Passi. Retrieved from https://www.iloilometropolitantimes.com/landmarks-of-history-in-the-sweet-city-of-passi/
Iloilo Metropolitan Times. (2018). WV economy grows faster by 8.4%. Retrieved February 20, 2019, from https://www.iloilometropolitantimes.com/wv-economy-grows-faster-by-8-4/
Jha, B. K., &Chakrabarti, A. (2017). Duck Farming?: A Potential Source of Livelihood in Tribal Village. Journal of Animal Health and Production, 5(2), 39–43. http://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.jahp/2017/5.2.39.43
Karsavuran, Z., &Ozdemir, B. (2017). Understanding Street Food Consumption: A Theoretical Model Including Atmosphere and Hedonism. In International Conference on Tourism Dynamics and Trends.
Khan, M. A., Ahmed, G. J. U., Magor, N. P., &Salahuddin, A. (2001). Integrated Rice-Duck: A new farming for Bangladesh, 143–156.
Kwon, J.-H., Lee, D.-H., Swayne, D. E., NOh, J.-Y., Seong-Su-Sak, Ochir, T., … Factong, C.-S. (2016). Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Viruses Reintroduced into South Korea by Migratory Waterfowl-2014-2015. Emerging Infectious Disease, 22(3), 507–510.
Lavega, C. P. (2007). Characterization and evaluation of smallholder duck production systems in Iloilo Province, Philippines. University of the Philippines Los Baños.
Magat, M. (2002). Balut?: “Fertilized Duck Eggs and Their Role in Filipino Culture.” Western Folklore, 61(1), 63–96. http://doi.org/10.2307/1500289
Mangahas, J. V. (2006). The Philippines. In Urbanization and Sustainability in Asia: Case Studies of Good Practice (pp. 273–287). Asian Development Bank.
Matejowsky, T. (2013). The Incredible, Edible Balut. Food, Culture, and Society, 16(3), 387–404.
Metro Pacific Water. (2017). Metro Iloilo Bulk Water Supply Corporation (MIB). Retrieved from https://metropacificwater.com/metro-iloilo-bulk-water-supply-corporation-mib/
Metzer, J. (2012). The Advantages of Ducks and Their Eggs. The American Livestock Breeds Conservancy, 29(3), 1–3.
National Economic and Development Authority. (2017). Western Visayas Regional Development Plan 2017-2022. Iloilo City.
National Nutritional Council. (2019). Region 6 Profile. Retrieved from http://www.nnc.gov.ph/~ziamelinbe/regional-offices/region-vi-western-visayas/290-western-visayas
Pacamalan, J. (2001). Duck-Powered Organic Rice and Duck Value Chain Development for Sustainable Food Production, Environmental Protection, and Inclusive Growth in the Philippines.
PCARRD. (1991). Philippine recommends for duck raising.
Philippine Information Agency. (2019). Iloilo. Retrieved from https://pia.gov.ph/provinces/iloilo
Philippine Institute for Development Studies. (2017). Tougher Policies Needed To Fight Bird Flu. Retrieved from https://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/webportal/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidspn1409.pdf
Philippine Institute for Development Studies, & Bureau of Agricultural Research. (2004). Special Issues in Agriculture. (E. R. Ponce, Ed.). Makati.
Philippine Star Global. (2011). Behind other Region 6 provinces Iloilo lags in organic agriculture. Retrieved from https://www.philstar.com/region/2011/11/24/751163/behind-other-region-6-provinces-iloilo-lags-organic-agriculture
Philippine Statistics Authority. (2004). A Review of the Agriculture Sector in Western Visayas. Retrieved February 20, 2019, from https://psa.gov.ph/content/review-agriculture-sector-western-visayas
Philippine Statistics Authority. (2016a). Chicken Industry Performance Report January-June 2016.
Philippine Statistics Authority. (2016b). Duck Industry Performance Report January-December 2015.
Philippine Statistics Authority. (2018a). Duck Situation Report October-December 2018. Retrieved from https://psa.gov.ph/livestock-poultry-iprs/duck/production
Philippine Statistics Authority. (2018b). Fisheries Statistics of the Philippines 2015-2017, 26.
Philippine Statistics Authority. (2019). Regional Profile: Western Visayas. Retrieved February 20, 2019, from http://countrystat.psa.gov.ph/?cont=16&r=6
Province of Iloilo. (2018). History: Province of Iloilo. Retrieved February 20, 2019, from http://www.iloilo.gov.ph/history
Relief Web. (2017). World Risk Report 2017. Retrieved from https://reliefweb.int/report/world/world-risk-report-2017
Rijke, V. de. (2008). Duck. Reaktion Books Ltd.
Rola, A. C., Pulhin, J. M., Tabios, G. Q. I., Lizada, J. C., &Dayo, M. H. F. (2015). Challenges of water governance in the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science, 144(2), 197–208.
Sanceda, N., Ueda, K., Ibenez, J., Suzuki, E., Kasai, M., &Hatae, K. (2007). Some fine aspects boiled and historical fertilized background and of " Balut " and “Penoy”, boiled incubated fertilized and unfertilized duck eggs. Journal of Cookery Science of Japan, 40(4), 231–238.
Socheth, H. (2012). Foreign Investment in Agriculture in Cambodia: A survey of recent trends. International Institute for Sustainable Development.
Steyn, N. P., Labadarios, D., &Nel, J. H. (2011). Factors which influence the consumption of street foods and fast foods in South Africa - A national survey. Nutrition Journal, 10(1), 104. http://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-10-104
Su, S., No, Y., Wong, G., Gray, G., Gao, G., & Li, S. (2015). Epidemiology, Evolution, and Recent Outbreaks of Avian Influenza Virus in China. Journal of Virology, 89(17), 8671–8676.
Suh, J. (2014). Theory and reality of integrated rice-duck farming in Asian developing countries: A systematic review and SWOT analysis. Agricultural Systems, 125, 74–81.
SunStar Bacolod. (2018). W. Visayas 4th fastest growing regional economy - SUNSTAR. Retrieved February 20, 2019, from https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1692129
SunStar Philippines. (2014). Philippines hosts 8th international rice-duck farming confab. Retrieved from https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/334015
The LAWPhil Project. (2010). Republic Act No. 10068. Retrieved from https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2010/ra_10068_2010.html
The Manila Times Online. (2017). Cooperatives as ‘catalyst of change.’ Retrieved February 20, 2019, from https://www.manilatimes.net/cooperatives-catalyst-change/316279/
The Philippine Star. (2018). Western Visayas posts 8.4% economic growth. Retrieved February 20, 2019, from https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/region/2018/05/10/1813809/western-visayas-posts-84-economic-growth
Vogel, J. M., Smith, J. B., Brown, P. E., Troell, J., & Ray, A. (2013). An Assessment of Water Security, Development, and Climate Change in Iloilo, Philippines and the Tigum-Aganan Watershed.
World Bank. (2016). Transforming Vietnamese Agriculture: Gaining More From Less.
World Vision. (2013). 2013 Typhoon Haiyan: Facts, FAQs, and how to help. Retrieved from http://www.worldvision.org/disaster-relief-news-stories/typhoon-haiyan-facts