Ritual plant diversity and traditional knowledge in the Aneuk Jamee Tribe, Aceh, Indonesia
Article Sidebar
Abstract Views: 277
File Views: 174
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract. Saudah, Rubiah, Zumaidar, Fitriyana L. 2025. Ritual plant diversity and traditional knowledge in the Aneuk Jamee Tribe, Aceh, Indonesia. Asian J Ethnobiol 8: 347-366. Ritual plants are essential in maintaining biocultural identity among indigenous communities. However, traditional knowledge related to ritual plant use is under threat from modernization and remains poorly documented. This study aimed to systematically document the diversity of ritual plants, analyze their cultural significance, and assess their conservation relevance among the Aneuk Jamee Tribe in South Aceh, Indonesia. Ethnobotanical data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 100 key informants selected via purposive snowball sampling. Use Value (UV), Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), and Index of Cultural Significance (ICS) were calculated to quantify the importance of each species. A total of 78 plant taxa belonging to 42 families were identified, with Poaceae being the most represented family (10 taxa). Two additional names were recognized as synonyms and therefore not counted as separate taxa. Herbaceous plants dominated (43.2%), and most species (77.2%) were cultivated, mainly in home gardens. Oryza sativa var. glutinosa (UV=0.86; RFC=0.86; ICS=179.5), Piper betle (UV=1.47; RFC=0.51; ICS=179.5), and Cocos nucifera (UV=1.54; RFC=0.76; ICS=179.5) emerged as the top three species, functioning as cultural keystone plants. These plants are used in various rituals, including weddings, births, circumcisions, agricultural rites, and mystical ceremonies. Findings emphasize the deep cultural embeddedness of ritual plant use and the urgent need to safeguard this knowledge. Home gardens serve as reservoirs of culturally significant plants, and engaging younger generations is vital for transmission and conservation.
Article Details
Issue
Section
How to Cite
References
Adinugraha F, Zubaidah S, Lestari SR, Chua KH. 2024. Ethnobiology of plants and animals used as ubarampe in the Kepungan tradition of the Javanese community of Somongari, Purworejo District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25 (8): 2521-2532. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250824.
Alamsyah F, Muliyadi MWLH, Fernando L. 2024. Kopi di dunia Islam: Antara sunnah, kesehatan, dan tradisi sosial. Jurnal Budi Pekerti Agama Islam 2 (6): 321-330. DOI: 10.61132/jbpai.v1i6.762. [Indonesian]
Albuquerque UP, da Cunha LVFC, De Lucena RFP, Alves RRN. 2014. Methods and Techniques in Ethnobiology and Ethnoecology. Springer, Berlin. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8636-7.
Apriani DT, Idris M, Idami Z. 2023. Studi etnobotani pada ritual adat masyarakat suku Karo di Kecamatan Merdeka Kabupaten Karo Sumatera Utara. BIOMA: Jurnal Biologi dan Pembelajarannya 5 (1): 1-16. DOI: 10.31605/bioma.v5i1.2479. [Indonesian]
Astuti TD, Nurjannah S, Hakim LDR. 2024. Makna Sirih Pinang Dalam Membangun Interaksi Dan Komunikasi Bagi Masyarakat. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Mahasiswa Sosiologi 2 (1): 309-322. [Indonesian]
Aswani S, Lemahieu A, Sauer WHH. 2018. Global trends of local ecological knowledge and future implications. PLoS One 13 (4): e0195440. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195440.
Baker JO, Martí G, Braunstein R, Whitehead AL, Yukich G. 2020. Religion in the age of social distancing: How COVID-19 presents new directions for research. Sociol Relig 81 (4): 357-370. DOI: 10.1093/socrel/sraa039.
Boonma T, Saensouk S, Saensouk P. 2023. Diversity and traditional utilization of the Zingiberaceae plants in Nakhon Nayok Province, Central Thailand. Diversity 15 (8): 904. DOI: 10.3390/d15080904.
BPS. 2024. Aceh Selatan Regency in Figures 2024. Badan Pusat Statistik, Aceh Selatan. [Indonesian]
Bria M, Kale MJ, Susilawati NM. 2023. Penyuluhan dan pemberdayaan kader tentang penyakit kecacingan di Desa Bone Kecamatan Nekamese Kabupaten Kupang. Jurnal Informasi Pengabdian Masyarakat 1 (4): 24-32. DOI: 10.47861/jipm-nalanda.v1i4.526. [Indonesian]
Chaachouay N, Douira A, Zidane L. 2021. COVID-19, prevention and treatment with herbal medicine in the herbal markets of Salé Prefecture, North-Western Morocco. Eur J Integr Med 42: 101285. DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2021.101285.
David M, Kislev M, Melamed Y, Ben-Yosef E, Weiss E. 2022. Plant remains from Rothenberg’s excavations in Timna: Smelters’ food and cultic offerings at the turn of the first millennium BCE. Tel Aviv 49 (2): 230-249. DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2022.2102110.
de Grave JM. 2018. Javanese conceptions and socialisation of death: Death funerals as an active orientation of time and values. Moussons 32: 49-74. DOI: 10.4000/moussons.4302.
Djami MB. 2022. Ngopi: Memaknai aktivitas minum kopi dalam konteks budaya populer. Sola Gratia: Jurnal Teologi Bibika Praktika 1 (1): 82-98. DOI: 10.47596/solagratia.v1i1.113. [Indonesian]
Espinoza?Pérez J, Reyes C, Hernández?Ruíz J, Díaz?Bautista M, Ramos? López F, Pérez?García O. 2021. Uses, abundance, perception, and potential geographical distribution of Smilax aristolochiifolia Mill (Smilacaceae) on the Totonacapan Region of Puebla, Mexico. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 17: 52. DOI: 10.1186/ s13002? 021? 00477?6.
Fan CF. 2016. From Local Knowledge to Ecological Civilization: An Anthropological Investigation of Culture and Ecology in the Northeast Border of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. China Development Press, Beijing.
Farouk OY, Fahim JR, Attia EZ, Kamel MS. 2023. Phytochemical and biological profiles of the genus Phragmites (family Poaceae): A review. S Afr J Bot 163: 659-672. DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2023.11.012.
Fukagawa NK, Ziska LH. 2019. Rice: Importance for global nutrition. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 65 (Supplement): S2-S3. DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.65.S2.
Gebashe F, Aremu AO, Gruz J, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. 2020. Phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activity of grasses used in South African traditional medicine. Plants 9 (3): 371. DOI: 10.3390/plants9030371.
Geng Y, Hu G, Ranjitkar S, Shi Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y. 2017. The implications of ritual practices and ritual plant uses on nature conservation: A case study among the Naxi in Yunnan Province, Southwest China. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 13: 58. DOI: 10.1186/s13002-017-0186-3.
Gifawesen S, Kitaba FT, Senbeto DM. 2020. Review on role of home garden agroforestry practices to improve livelihood of small scale farmers and climate change adaptation and mitigation. J Plant Sci 8 (5): 134-145. DOI: 10.11648/j.jps.20200805.15.
Hakim L. 2014. Etnobotani dan Manajemen Kebun-Pekarangan Rumah: Ketahanan Pangan, Kesehatan dan Agrowisata. Selaras, Malang. [Indonesian]
Hanun Z, Athaya DN, Sholekha AM, Damayanti CE, Nazar IA, Cahyaningsih AP, Junaedi E, Buot JR, Setyawan AD. 2023. The use of non-medicinal plants by the community of Ayah Village in South Gombong Karst Area, Kebumen, Central Java, Indonesia. Nusantara Biosci 15 (1): 68-78. DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n150108.
Helmina S, Hidayah Y. 2021. Kajian etnobotani tumbuhan obat tradisional oleh masyarakat Kampung Padang Kecamatan Sukamara Kabupaten. Sukamara. Jurnal Pendidikan Hayati, 7(1): 20-28. [Indonesian]
Indaty N, Harun M, Subhayni S. 2018. Analisis struktur lahir dan fungsi puisi lisan pada tradisi manoe pucôk. JIM Pendidikan Bahasa Sastra Indonesia 3 (3): 264-272. [Indonesian]
Iskandar J, Iskandar BS. 2017. Various plants of traditional rituals: Ethnobotanical research among the Baduy community. Biosaintifika 9 (1): 114-125. DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i1.8117.
Ismail A, Ahmad WANW. 2019. Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp: A potential phytomedicine. Pharmacogn J 11 (2): 429-438. DOI: 10.5530/pj.2019.11.67.
Kapoor V, Belk R, Goulding C. 2022. Ritual revision during a crisis: The Case of Indian religious rituals during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Public Policy Mark 41 (3): 277–297. DOI: 10.1177/07439156221081485.
Karimuddin K. 2022. Pendampingan masyarakat dalam prosesi tradisi menginjak tanah pertama bagi bayi. Pengmasku 2 (1): 43–47. DOI: 10.54957/pengmasku.v2i1.144. [Indonesian]
Kholifah K, Tavita GE, Indrayani Y. 2020. Etnobotani ritual adat suku Dayak di sekitar hutan di Desa Datah Dian Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu. Jurnal Hutan Lestari 8 (2): 379-395. DOI: 10.26418/jhl.v8i2.40720. [Indonesian]
Lestari T, Muhammad F, Alkatiri R, Ismail R, Febriyadi F, Saudi W, Manoy NA. 2023. Khitan massal dan pemeriksaan kesehatan gratis di Desa Balbar Sofifia. Jurnal Inovasi dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia 2 (3): 9-13. DOI: 10.26714/jipmi.v2i3.116. [Indonesian]
Li C, Lou H, Yang S, Pan Z, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Li X. 2022. The response of plant diversity to human dominance in the meta-watershed ecosystem of Southwest China. Ecol Indic 143: 109389. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109389.
Liu GS, Li HL, Grierson D, Fu DQ. 2022. NAC transcription factor family regulation of fruit ripening and quality: A review. Cells 11 (3): 525. DOI: 10.3390/cells11030525.
López-Patiño EJ, Vibrans H, Moctezuma-Pérez S, Chávez?Mejía MC. 2022. Ecological apparency, ethnobotanical importance and perceptions of population status of wild-growing medicinal plants in a reserve of south-central Mexico. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 18: 66. DOI: 10.1186/s13002-022-00563-3.
Losapio G, Genes L, Knight CJ, McFadden TN, Pavan L. 2024. Monitoring and modelling the effects of ecosystem engineers on ecosystem functioning. Funct Ecol 38 (1): 8-21. DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14315.
Lulekal E, Asfaw Z, Kelbessa E, van Damme P. 2014. Ethnoveterinary plants of Ankober Regency, North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 10: 21. DOI: 1186/1746-4269-10-21.
Ma X, Luo D, Xiong Y, Huang C, Li G. 2024. Ethnobotanical study on ritual plants used by Hani people in Yunnan, China. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 20 (1): 17. DOI: 10.1186/s13002-024-00659-y.
Maharani D, Fitri A. 2022. Makna tradisi malam bainai dalam pernikahan adat Minangkabau di Desa Padang Laweh Kecamatan Sungai Tarab Kota Batusangkar. Jurnal Komunikasi dan Budaya 3 (1): 51-58. DOI: 10.54895/jkb.v3i1.1374. [Indonesian]
Mailin M, Firmansyah, Amiruddin, Dalimunthe MA, Abdurrahman, Zein A. 2023. Exploring intercultural communication in Indonesia: Cultural values, challenges, and strategies. J Namib Stud: Hist Polit Cult 33: 2804-2816. DOI: 10.59670/jns.v33i.657.
Mardudi S, Selviyanti E, Suwardi AB. 2020. Etnobotani tanaman obat keluarga di Desa Ujong Gunong Rayeuk, Kota Bahagia, Aceh Selatan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan 2 (1): 137-144. [Indonesian]
Moricca C, Nigro L, Spagnoli F, Sabatini S, Sadori L. 2023. Plant assemblage of the Phoenician sacrificial pit by the Temple of Melqart/Herakles (Motya, Sicily, Italy). Environ Archaeol 28 (5): 383-395. DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1852757.
Mufti F, Ismail N, Umar M. 2017. Trend analysis of extreme rainfall (1982-2013) and projection (2014-2050) in Banda Aceh and Meulaboh. J Nat 17 (2): 122-127. DOI: 10.24815/jn.v17i2.7012.
Musmuliadi M, Sisillia L, Kartikawati SM. 2022. Etnobotani ritual adat suku Dayak Kanayatn Desa Nyayum Kecamatan Kuala Behe Kabupaten Landak. Jurnal Lingkungan Hutan Tropis 1 (2): 357-375. [Indonesian]
Mutaqin AZ, Astriani W, Husodo T, Partasasmita R. 2018. Pemanfaatan tumbuhan untuk beberapa upacara adat oleh masyarakat Desa Pangandaran Kecamatan Pangandaran Kabupaten Pangandaran. J Pro-Life 5 (1): 496-505. [Indonesian]
Navia ZI, Audira D, Afifah N, Turnip K, Nuraini, Suwardi AB. 2020a. Ethnobotanical investigation of spice and condiment plants used by the Taming tribe in Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21 (10): 4467-4473. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211001.
Navia ZI, Suwardi AB, Harmawan T, Syamsuardi, Mukhtar E. 2020a. The diversity and contribution of indigenous edible fruit plants to the rural community in the Gayo Highlands, Indonesia. J Agric Rural Dev Trop Subtrop 121 (1): 89-98. DOI: 10.17170/kobra-202004061145.
Nehru N, Nurkomaria, Ardianto, Rismayana I, Azmin N. 2024. Studi etnobotani tumbuhan obat masyarakat Bumi Pajo. JUSTER: Jurnal Sains dan Terapan 3 (1): 25-28. DOI: 10.57218/juster.v3i1.1012. [Indonesian]
Nurchayati N, Ardiyansyah F. 2018. Kajian etnobotani masyarakat suku Using Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Bioma Jurnal Biologi dan Pembelajaran Biologi 3 (2): 87-101. DOI: 10.32528/bioma.v3i2.1608. [Indonesian]
Nurfajri DP, Selian RS, Nurlaili. 2016. Upacara petroen aneuk di Gampong Meunasah Manyang Kecamatan Krueng Barona Jaya Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Seni Drama, Tari dan Musik 1 (2): 93-100. [Indonesian]
Nurlina F, Ratni N, Suhartini T, Falah M, Pebriyani MN, Hermawan S, Rahmawati A. 2023. Edukasi kesehatan perawatan luka setelah khitan. Balarea: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 2 (2): 44-46. DOI: 10.35568/balarea.v2i2.4205. [Indonesian]
Nursamsu N, Nuraini N, Sarjani TM, Mardudi M. 2024. The use of medicinal plants in the Aneuk Jamee Tribe in Kota Bahagia, South Aceh District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 2 5(6): 2524-2540. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250622.
Nursita DC, Amalia D, Minarno EB. 2020. Ethnobotanical study of plants used for the wedding ceremony in the Boyolangu Sub-district, Tulungagung District, East Java Province. El-Hayah: Jurnal Biologi 7 (4): 167-177. DOI: 10.18860/elha.v7i4.10830. [Indonesian]
Pagnocca TS, Zank S, Hanazaki N. 2020. “The plants have axé”: Investigating the use of plants in Afro-Brazilian religions of Santa Catarina Island. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 16: 20. DOI: 10.1186/s13002-020-00372-6.
Perrina NO. 2022. Malam bainai di Daerah Paraklaweh Kecamatan Lubuk. Begalung, Kota Padang, Padan. Semesta: J Sci Educ Teach 5 (1): 8-12. [Indonesian]
Phillips O, Gentry AH. 1993. The useful plants of Tambopata, Peru: I. Statistical hypotheses tests with a new quantitative technique. Econ Bot 47 (1): 15-32. DOI: 10.1007/BF02862203.
POWO. 2025. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/.
Putri NS, Dewi R, Fitriana. 2017. Proses upacara berinai pada pengantin di Desa Teubang Phui Baru Kecamatan Montasik Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pendidikan Kesejahteraan Keluarga 2 (4): 42-57. [Indonesian]
Quiroz D, Sosef M, Andel T. 2016. Why ritual plant use has ethnopharmacological relevance. J Ethnopharmacol 188: 48-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.006.
Rahayu SM, Batoro J, Sukenti K, Hakim L. 2023. Ethnobotanical study of peraq api ritual in Sasak Tribe of Lombok Island, Indonesia and its potential for sustainable tourism. Biodiversitas 24 (10): 5485-5494. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241030.
Raihandhany R, Purnomo. 2025. Quantitative ethnobotany approach on local food plants in Banceuy Traditional Village, Subang Regency, West Java. Media Konservasi 30 (1): 172-183. DOI: 10.29244/medkon.30.1.172.
Ramaidani, Navia ZI. 2022. Documentation of the traditional Gayo food in Lokop Village, East Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23 (4): 2017-2024. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230437.
Ramli MR, Milow P, Malek S. 2021. Species composition, diversity and traditional uses of plants in homegardens in Kampung Masjid Ijok, Perak, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 22 (4): 1902-1911. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220437.
Rismawati KJ, Cahyuni KF. 2023. Filosofi canang sari sebagai simbol Padma Astadala. PRAMANA: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian 3 (2): 162-173. DOI: 10.55115/jp.v3i2.3778. [Indonesian]
Roslaili Y. 2019. Kajian 'Urf tentang Adat Ranub Kong Haba dan Akibat Pembatalannya di Aceh. Samarah 3 (2): 2549-3167. DOI: 10.22373/sjhk.v3i2.5192.
Roth-Nebelsick A, Krause M. 2023. The plant leaf: A biomimetic resource for multifunctional and economic design. Biomimetics 8 (2): 145. DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020145.
Sada M, Jumari. 2018. Ethnobotany plants ethnic Ngadha Traditional ceremony in Jerebu'u District, Ngada Regency, Nusa Tenggara Timur Province. Jurnal Saintek Lahan Kering 1 (2): 19-21. DOI: 10.32938/slk.v1i2.503. [Indonesian]
Samad SAA. 2015. Pengaruh agama dalam tradisi mendidik anak di Aceh: Telaah terhadap masa sebelum dan pasca kelahiran. Gender Equal 1 (1): 111-123. [Indonesian]
Sarkar BC, Manohar A, Shukla G, Pala NA, Vineeta CS. 2019. Ecosystem services provided by home garden. Agric Food: E-Newsletter 1 (6): 39-41.
Saudah, Fitmawati, Roslim DI, Zumaidar, Darusman, Ernilasari. 2021. Ethnobotany Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Smith (Cikala) in Ethnic Gayo. Kobicinc 2020: 205-209. DOI: 10.2991/absr.k.210621.034.
Saudah, Zumaidar, Darusman, Fitmawati, Roslim DI, Ernilasari. 2022. Ethnobotanical knowledge of Etlingera elatior for medicinal and food uses among ethnic groups in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23 (8): 4361-4370. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230862.
Sefriyono S, Ashadi A, Zulfis Z. 2024. Integrating faith and tradition: The Baralek Tuanku ceremony in Minangkabau. Khazanah Sosial 6 (2): 321-333. DOI: 10.15575/ks.v6i2.34054.
Sen S, Chakraborty R, Kalita P. 2020. Rice – not just a staple food: A comprehensive review on its phytochemicals and therapeutic potential. Trends Food Sci Technol 97: 265-285. DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.022.
Sharif MK, Butt MS, Anjum FM, Khan SH. 2014. Rice bran: A novel functional ingredient. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 54 (6): 807-816. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.608586.
Sholeh HM, Zahiroh L. 2017. Hukum & Panduan Khitan: Laki-Laki & Perempuan. Erlangga, Jakarta. [Indonesian]
Sikumbang MAH, Ridho MA, Lubis A, Al-Rasyid H. 2024. Mencari hikmah di balik tradisi: Makna dan tujuan Aqiqah dalam perspektif Al-Qur’an. Al-Tarbiyah: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Islam 2 (2): 216-225. DOI: 10.59059/al-tarbiyah.v2i2.975. [Indonesian]
Siregar I, Siregar MH. 2024. Hikmah dan tujuan aqiqah dalam perspektif hadis. Tashdiq: Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Dakwah 4 (3): 61-70. DOI: 10.4236/tashdiq.v4i3.3746. [Indonesian]
Suparman S, Nuruahmad M. 2023. Budaya mappacci dan rangkaian pelaksanaan perkawinan orang Bugis. DEIKTIS: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra 3 (4): 219-225. DOI: 10.53769/deiktis.v3i4.559. [Indonesian]
Sutrisno IH, Akob B, Navia ZI, Nuraini, Suwardi AB. 2020. Documentation of ritual plants used among the Aceh Tribe in Peureulak Sub-district, East Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21 (11): 4990-4998. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211102.
Suwardi AB, Navia ZI, Harmawan T, Syamsuardi, Mukhtar E. 2020a. Wild edible fruits generate substantial income for local people of the Gunung Leuser National Park, Aceh Tamiang Region. Ethnobot Res Appl 20: 1-13. DOI: 10.32859/era.20.11.1-13.
Suwardi AB, Navia ZI, Harmawan T, Syamsuardi, Mukhtar E. 2020b. Ethnobotany and conservation of indigenous edible fruit plants in South Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21 (5): 1850-1860. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210511.
Suwardi AB, Navia ZI, Mubarak A, Mardudi M. 2023. Diversity of home garden plants and their contribution to promoting sustainable livelihoods for local communities living near Serbajadi protected forest in Aceh Timur region, Indonesia. Biol Agric Hortic 39 (3): 170-182. DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2023.2182233.
Tardio J, Pardo-de Santayana M. 2008. Cultural importance indices: A comparative analysis based on the useful wild plants of southern Cantabria (Northern Spain). Econ Bot 62 (1): 24-39. DOI: 10.1007/s12231-007-9004-5.
Teixidor-Toneu I, Jordan FM, Hawkins JA. 2018. Comparative phylogenetic methods and the cultural evolution of medicinal plant use. Nat Plants 4: 754-761. DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0226-6.
Touwely S, Kakiay ACH, Makulua K. 2020. Sirih pinang sebagai simbol pemersatu keluarga (suatu kajian pemaknaan budaya sirih pinang dalam konteks masyarakat Riring, Kecamatan Taniwel). NOUMENA: J Ilmu Sosial Keagamaan 1 (1): 12-27. DOI: 10.37196/nojisok.v1i1.168. [Indonesian]
Turner NJ. 1988. The importance of a rose: Evaluating the cultural significance of plants in Thompson and Lillooet Interior Salish. Am Anthropol 90 (2): 272-290. DOI: 10.1525/aa.1988.90.2.02a00020.
Wang HF. 2023. Local ecological knowledge and its development in traditional pastoral production in the Hexi Corridor. J Ethn Cult 15 (3): 34-45. DOI: 10.1186/s13002-024-00659-y.
Whitney CK, Bennett NJ, Ban NC, Allison EH, Armitage D, Blythe JL, Burt JM, Cheung W, Finkbeiner EM, Kaplan-Hallam M, Perry I, Turner NJ, Yumagulova L. 2017. Adaptive capacity: from assessment to action in coastal social-ecological systems. Ecol Soc 22 (2): art22. DOI: 10.5751/ES-09325-220222.
Wijaya S. 2019. Indonesian food culture mapping: A starter contribution to promote Indonesian culinary tourism. J Ethn Food 6: 9. DOI: 10.1186/s42779-019-0009-3.
Wiryono W, Puteri VNU, Senoaji G. 2016. The diversity of plant species, the types of plant uses and the estimate of carbon stock in agroforestry system in Harapan Makmur Village, Bengkulu, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 17 (1): 249-255. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d170136.
Wulanda D, Santoso HR, Septanti D. 2021. Aceh cultural elements in the settlement context. IPTEK J Proc Ser 6: 275-278. DOI: 10.12962/j23546026.y2020i6.11107.
Yadav RP, Gupta B, Bhutia PL, Bisht JK, Pattanayak A. 2018. Sustainable agroforestry systems and their structural components as livelihood options along elevation gradient in central Himalaya. Biol Agric Hortic 35 (2): 73-95. DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2018.1457982.
Yani NF, Bungatang B, Filawati F. 2024. Korelasi bahasa dan budaya dalam konteks ritual uang panai pada film Uang Panai Maha(R)L sutradara Halim Gani Safia. DEIKTIS: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra 4 (4): 665-674. DOI: 10.53769/deiktis.v4i4.1071. [Indonesian]
Zemede J, Mekuria T, Ochieng CO, Onjalalaina GE, Hu GW. 2024. Ethnobotanical study of traditional medicinal plants used by the local Gamo people in Boreda Abaya Regency, Gamo Zone, southern Ethiopia. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 20: 28. DOI: 10.1186/s13002-024-00666-z.
Zhou C. 2024. The prophet's day in China: A study of the inculturation of Mawlid al-Nabi in three muslim communities. Religions 15 (6): 630. DOI: 10.3390/rel15060630.
Zumaidar Z, Saudah S, Rasnovi S, Harnelly E. 2019a. Indigenous knowledge of postnatal mother care using plants by Acehnese. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 364 (1): 012025. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/364/1/012025.
Zumaidar Z, Saudah S, Rasnovi S, Harnelly E. 2019b. Tumbuhan sebagai obat tradisonal pasca melahirkan oleh suku Aceh di Kabupaten Pidie. Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi 12 (2): 157-163. DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v12i2.9991. [Indonesian]