Ethnobotanical memory of Cinchona among the Sundanese in the highland of West Java, Indonesia
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Abstract. Wiranova A, Mulyanto D, Iskandar BS. 2025. Ethnobotanical memory of Cinchona among the Sundanese in the highland of West Java, Indonesia. Asian J Ethnobiol 8: 332-346. Following the decline of Cinchona as a commodity after the discovery of synthetic malaria drugs after the World War II, its plantations in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) experienced a drastic downturn. Some were converted into upland agricultural fields producing subtropical vegetables, causing cultural ties to the species to largely diminish. Therefore, this study examines the ethnobotanical memory of Cinchona among Sundanese communities in West Java, Indonesia, within a post-plantation landscape that has undergone significant land-use transformation into upland subtropical vegetable fields. Using oral history supported by archival research, interviews were conducted with 29 residents divided into two groups: those who experienced the operational period of the plantation and those without direct exposure to it. Ethnobotanical memory is conceptualized as the dynamic interaction of emotional, sensory, and bodily recollections of plants within a community. Three categories of memory narratives were identified. The first reflects emotional memory, in which Cinchona is associated with childhood experiences and nostalgia. The second highlights bodily memory, represented by recollections of plantation production processes, from seed selection and grafting to bark harvesting and drying. The third emphasizes sensory memory, expressed through the bitter taste of decoctions once consumed for medicinal purposes. These memories reveal the intertwined relationship between biological species and cultural practices, yet intergenerational transmission has been limited, particularly among younger residents who have never encountered the species in their daily lives. The decline of Cinchona populations following land-use change has accelerated this process of forgetting. Moreover, conservation efforts remain absent due to the loss of commercial value and the community’s reliance on faster-return crops such as vegetables. The findings underscore the vulnerability of ethnobotanical memory in post-plantation contexts and highlight the need to integrate cultural perspectives into biodiversity conservation strategies.
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