Local knowledge on rice variations (landraces) of the Naga Community, West Java, Indonesia
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Abstract. Permana S, Iskandar J, Parikesit. 2018. Local knowledge on rice variations (landraces) of the Naga Community, West Java, Indonesia. Asian J Ethnobiol 1: 1-8. Ethnobotanical studies have indicated that diversity of local varieties of crop plants and associated local knowledge has seriously eroded in many developing countries across cultures, including West Java, Indonesia, due to many factors such as agricultural modernization, development of market economy, government policies, and human population increase. This paper gives an account of the local knowledge or the traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) about the rice varieties (landraces) of the wet rice fields, management of wet rice farming, and also factors influencing local knowledge of rice landraces of the wet rice fields of the Naga community, West Java, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative ethnobotanical methods. The study results show that the Naga community has still maintained a rich TEK on local rice landraces. About 15 landraces of wet rice have been recorded, distinguished by the Naga community based on traditional knowledge. They also manage various local rice landraces and wet rice farming activities, including seed selection, preparing nursery and land, planting, crop and pest management, and harvesting and storing harvested rice based on the TEK embedded in their culture.
2018-01-01
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Environmental Program Study, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang.
[Indonesian]
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settlement. Ohio University Center for International Studies, Ohio.
Wirahman B. 2005. Study on taxonomy of Durian varieties in Subang
District, West Java. [Thesis]. Department of Biology, Padjadjaran
University, Sumedang. [Indonesian]
Ronald, Vandermeer J.H, and. Rosset, P.M (eds) Agroecology.
McGraw Hill Book, New York.
Abdoellah OS, Hadikusumah HY, Takeuchi K, Okubo S, Parikesit. 2006.
Commercialization of homegardens in an Indonesian village
vegetation compositions and functional changes. In: Kumar BM, Nair
PKR (eds) Tropical homegardens: A time-tested example of
sustainable agroforestry. Springer, Berlin.
AIPI. 2014. Panel Discussion: Development of ethnobotany in Indonesia.
Jakarta 01 January 2014 10: 53 [Indonesian].
Bernard HR.1994. Research method in anthropology: qualitative and
quantitative approach. Sage Publications, London.
Berkes F, Folke C, Gadgil M. 1995. Traditional ecological knowledge,
biodiversity, resilience, and sustainability. In: Perrings CA et al. (ed)
Biodiversity Conservation. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Nederland.
Boyd R, Richerson PJ. 1985. Culture and Evolutionary Process.
University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Brush SB. 1991. A farmer-based approach to conserving crop germplasm.
Econ Bot 45 (2): 153-165.
Brush SB. 2004. Farmers bounty: locating crops diversity in contemporary
world. Yale University Press, USA.
Creswell JW. 2012. Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed
approaches. Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta [Indonesian].
Fox JJ. 1991. Managing the ecology of rice production in Indonesia. In:
Hardjono J (ed). Indonesia: resources, ecology. and environment,
Oxford University Press, Singapore.
Hehakaya MA.2010. Study on Local knowledge of the people on
varieties, usability, processing, and cultivation of banana plants
(Musa spp) in the Sukajaya Village, South Sumedang Sub-district,
Sumedang District. [Thesis]. Department of Biology, Padjadjaran
University, Sumedang [Indonesian].
Hewlet BS, Cavalli-Sforza LL. 1986. Cultural transmission among Aka
Pygmies. Amer Anthropol 88: 922-934.
Irawan B, Rahmayani E, Iskandar J. 2009. Study on variations, utilization,
and management of Aren in Rancakalong village, Rancakalong Subdistrict, Sumedang District, West Java. Seminar on Ethnobotany IV,
18 May 2009, Cibinong [Indonesian].
Iskandar J. 2012. Ethnobiology and sustainable development. Puslitbang
LPPM Unpad Bandung [Indonesian].
Iskandar J, Ellen R. 1999. In situ Conservation of Rice Landrace among
The Baduy of West Java. J Ethnobiol 19 (1): 97-125.
Iskandar J, Ellen RF. 2007. Innovation, ‘hybrid’ knowledge and
conservation of relict rainforest in Upland Banten. In: Ellen R (ed),
Modern crises and traditional strategies: local knowledge in Island
Southeast Asia. Berhahn Books, New York.
Iskandar J, Iskandar BS. 2011.,Agroecosystem of Sundanese People.
Penerbit Kiblat, Bandung [Indonesian].
Lizarralde M. 2004. Indigenous knowledge and conservation of the
rainforest: ethnobotany of the Bari of Venezuela. In: Carlson TJS,
Maffi L (eds), Ethnobotany and conservation of biocultural diversity.
The New York Botanical Garden Press, New York.
Lynch SJF, Hoelnsteiner RM, Cover CL. 1974. Data gathering by social
survey. Philippines Social Science Council, Quezon City.
Maffi L. 1999. Linguistic diversity. In Posey D. (ed), Cultural and
spiritual values of biodiversity. Intermediate Technology Publication,
London.
Maffi L. 2004. Maintaining and restoring biocultural diversity: The
evolution of a role for ethnobiology. In: Carlson TJS, Maffi L (eds),
Ethnobotany and Conservation of Biocultural Diversity. The New
York Botanical Garden Press, New York.
Martin GJ. 1995. Ethnobotany: A Methods Manual & Chapman & Hall,
London.
Matanubun H, Rochani A, Sumule. 1995. A. Some aspect of the
indigenous knowledge of selected sweet potato farming system in
Irian Jaya. In: Schneider J. (ed.). Indigenous Knowledge in
Conservation of Crop Genetic Resources. International Potato Center
and Central Research Institutes for Food Crops, Bogor.
Moleong LJ. 2004. Qualitative Research Method. Remaja Rosda Karya,
Bandung [Indonesian].
Newing H, Eagle CM, Puri RK, Watson CW. 2011. Conducting research
in conservation: a social science perspective. Routledge, London.
Okubo S, Parikesit, Harashina K, Muhammad D, Abdoellah OS, Takeuchi
K. 2010. Traditional Perennial Crop-based Agroforestry in West Java:
The tradeoff between on-farm biodiversity. Agroforest Sys DOI
10.1007/s10457-010-9341-8.
Prawirasuganda A. 1964. Traditional ritual of Pasundan. Penerbit Sumur
Bandung, Bandung [Indonesian].
Puri RK. 1997. Hunting knowledge of the Penan Benalui of East
Kalimantan, Indonesia. [Dissertation]. Department of Anthropology,
University of Hawai’i, Hawai’i.
Rahayu M, Susiarti S, Sihotang VBL. 2012. A preliminary ethnobotanical
study of useful plants by Local Communities Bodogol Lowland
Forest, Sukabumi West Java. J Trop Biol Conserv 9 (1): 115-125.
Siegeta M. 1996. Creating landrace diversity: the case of the Ari people
and ensete (Ensete ventricosum) in Ethiopia. In Ellen R, Fukui (eds.).
Redefining nature: ecology, culture and domestication. Berg, Oxford.
Suharno, Wirawati DM. 2013. Seram island: imaging of its natural
environment and the agricultural behavior of Alune people.
Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia, Jakarta. [Indonesian]
Suganda H. 2006. Naga hamlet maintains the tradition. Penerbit Kiblat,
Bandung. [Indonesian]
Fatriati T. 2008. Study on taxonomy of bamboo in Sumedang Sub-district
based on morphological character and reed epidermal anatomy. [Hon.
Thesis]. Department of Biology, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang.
[Indonesian]
Tarigan, G.H. 2013. The changes in agricultural system of the Naga
community, Neglasari village, Salawu Sub-district, Tasikmalaya
District. [Thesis] Environmental Program Study, Padjadjaran
University, Sumedang. [Indonesian]
Warsiti I. 2009. Management and Utilization of the local rice and factors
affecting of conservation of the local rice varieties. [Thesis]
Environmental Program Study, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang.
[Indonesian]
Wessing R. 1978. Cosmology and social behavior in a West Javanese
settlement. Ohio University Center for International Studies, Ohio.
Wirahman B. 2005. Study on taxonomy of Durian varieties in Subang
District, West Java. [Thesis]. Department of Biology, Padjadjaran
University, Sumedang. [Indonesian]