Land suitability assessment for mangrove-based silvofishery in North Sumatra, Indonesia
Article Sidebar
Abstract Views: 116
File Views: 68
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract. Risdayanti, Basyuni M, Aththorick TA. 2026. Land suitability assessment for mangrove-based silvofishery in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Asian J For 10 (1): r100130. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100130. Silvofishery integrates mangrove conservation with brackish-water aquaculture and is increasingly promoted as a sustainable alternative to conventional pond systems in Indonesia. However, site-specific evaluations of biophysical land suitability remain limited. This study aimed to assess land suitability for mangrove-based silvofishery in Pasar Rawa Village, Langkat District, North Sumatra, Indonesia, by integrating vegetation structure, soil characteristics, water quality parameters, and a weighted scoring land-evaluation approach. Mangrove vegetation was surveyed using three perpendicular transects with 21 nested plots (10×10 m trees; 5×5 m saplings; 1×1 m seedlings). Soil (0-30 cm) and water samples were collected from the inlet, outlet, and pond interior compartments. Five mangrove species were recorded, dominated by Rhizophora apiculata and Sonneratia alba. Total densities reached 257.1 ind/ha (trees), 3,219.1 ind/ha (saplings), and 833.3 ind/ha (seedlings), indicating active regeneration. Water quality showed a mean temperature of 28.6°C, salinity of 15.0 ppt, pH of 6.5, and dissolved oxygen of 8.7 mg/L, within acceptable ranges for silvofishery. Soil analysis revealed moderately acidic conditions as the primary limiting factor. The weighted scoring system yielded a suitability index of 75.75%, classifying the area as Highly Suitable (S1). Acidic soil pH and suboptimal stand density were identified as manageable constraints. These findings provide a practical decision-support framework for restoration-based silvofishery planning and support evidence that maintaining mangrove cover does not compromise aquaculture productivity.
Article Details
Issue
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Alongi DM. 2020. Carbon balance in salt marsh and mangrove ecosystems: A global synthesis. J Mar Sci Eng 8 (10): 767. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8100767. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8100767
Ariadi H, Azril M, Mujtahidah T. 2023. Water quality fluctuations in shrimp ponds during dry and rainy seasons. Croat J Fish 81 (3): 127-137. https://doi.org/10.2478/cjf-2023-0014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cjf-2023-0014
Balai Penelitian Tanah. 2005. Analisis Kimia Tanah, Tanaman, Air, dan Pupuk. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Departemen Pertanian, Bogor. [Indonesian]
Basyuni M, Rouf RA, Amelia R, Aznawi AA, Mubaraq A, Wiyono EB. 2025. Hydrological restoration of abandoned aquaculture ponds in North Kalimantan, Indonesia. Asian J For 9 (2): 232-250. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r090207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r090207
Basyuni M, Sasmito SD, Analuddin K, Ulqodry TZ, Saragi-Sasmito MF, Eddy S, Milantara N. 2022. Mangrove biodiversity, conservation, and roles for livelihoods in Indonesia. In: Das SC, Pullaiah, Ashton EC (eds.). Mangroves: Biodiversity, Livelihoods and Conservation. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0519-3_16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0519-3_16
Basyuni M, Yani P, Hartini KS. 2018. Evaluation of mangrove management through community-based silvofishery in North Sumatra, Indonesia. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 122 (1): 012109. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/122/1/012109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/122/1/012109
Bengen DG, Yonvitner, Rahman. 2022. Pedoman Teknis. Pengenalan dan Pengelolaan Ekosistem Mangrove. IPB Press, Bogor. [Indonesian]
Bengen DG. 2004. Pedoman Teknis. Pengenalan dan Pengelolaan Ekosistem Mangrove. PKSPL-IPB, Bogor. [Indonesian]
Bosma RH, Verdegem MCJ. 2011. Sustainable aquaculture in ponds: Principles, practices and limits. Livest Sci 139 (1-2): 58-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2011.03.017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2011.03.017
Boyd CE, Tucker CS. 2014. Handbook for Aquaculture Water Quality. Auburn University, Alabama.
Boyd CE, Wood CWT, Thunjai. 2002. Pond soil characteristics and dynamics of soil organic matter and nutrients. In: McElwee K, Lewis K, Nidiffer M, Buitrago P (eds.). Nineteenth Annual Technical Report. Pond Dynamics/Aquaculture CRSP, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.
Boyd CE. 1990. Water Quality in Pons Aquaculture. Alabama Agiculture Experimental Statiom. Auburn University, Alabama.
Boyd CE. 1995. Bottom Soils, Sediment, and Pond Aquaculture. Chapman & Hall, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1785-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1785-6
Boyd CE. 2015. Water Quality: An Introduction. Springer, Berlin. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17446-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17446-4
Dent DL, Pons LJ. 1995. A world perspective on acid sulfate soils. Geoderma 67 (3-4): 263-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(95)00013-e. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(95)00013-E
Dewi YK. 2020. Diversitas vegetasi mangrove di Pesisir Pantai Blekok, Kecamatan Kendit, Kabupaten Situbondo, Jawa Timur. Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian 1 (6): 1223-1226. https://doi.org/10.47492/jip.v1i6.222. [Indonesian]
Duke NC, Field C, Mackenzie JR, Meynecke JO, Wood AL. 2019. Rainfall and its possible hysteresis effect on the proportional cover of tropical tidal-wetland mangroves and saltmarsh-saltpans. Mar Freshw Res 70 (8): 1047-1055. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF18321. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/MF18321
Fachrul MF. 2008. Metode Sampling Bioekologi. Bumi Aksara, Jakarta. [Indonesian]
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 2019. Measuring and Modelling Soil Carbon Stocks and Stock Changes in Livestock Production Systems: Guidelines for Assessment (Version 1). Livestock Environmental Assessment and Performance (LEAP) Partnership. FAO, Rome.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 2020. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. Sustainability in Action. FAO, Rome.
Friess DA, Rogers K, Lovelock CE, Krauss KW, Hamilton SE, Lee SY, Lucas R, Primavera J, Rajkaran A, Shi, S. 2019. The state of the world's mangrove forests: Past, present, and future. Ann Rev Environ Resour 44 (1): 89-115. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033302. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033302
Goldberg L, Lagomasino D, Thomas N, Fatoyinbo T. 2020. Global declines in human-driven mangrove loss. Glob Chang Biol 26 (10): 5844-5855. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15275
Hakim N, Nyakpa MY, Lubis AM. 1986. Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Tanah. Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung.
Hendrajat EA, Ratnawati E, Mustafa A. 2018. Penentuan pengaruh kualitas tanah dan air terhadap produksi total tambak polikultur udang vaname dan ikan bandeng di Kabupaten Lamongan, Provinsi Jawa Timur melalui aplikasi analisis jalur. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis 10 (1): 179-195. https://doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v10i1.21675. [Indonesian] DOI: https://doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v10i1.21675
Hillel D. 2013. Fundamentals of Soil Physics. Academic Press, New York.
Hilmi E, Nugroho S, Sudiana E. 2021. Empang parit as silvofishery model to support conserving mangrove and increasing economic benefit of social community. Omni-Akuatika 17 (2): 101-111. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.oa.2021.17.2.817. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.oa.2021.17.2.817
Juliyanto F, Herawatiningsih R, Anwari MS. 2023. Analisis sifat fisik dan kimia tanah hutan mangrove di Desa Sungai Kupah, Kabupaten Kubu Raya. Jurnal Lingkungan Hutan Tropis 2 (3): 472-479. [Indonesian]
Karim MY, Aslamsyah S, Zainuddin, Rustam, Syamsuddin, M. 2012. Analisis Pengembangan Silvofishery untuk Budidaya Kepiting Bakau pada Kawasan Mangrove di Pesisir Kabupaten Pangkep. Program Studi Budidaya Perairan. Universitas Hasanuddin, Makasar. [Indonesian]
Kathiresan K, Bingham BL. 2001. Biology of mangroves and mangrove ecosystems. Adv Mar Biol 40: 81-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2881(01)40003-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2881(01)40003-4
Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup. 2004. Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 51 Tahun 2004 tentang Baku Mutu Air Laut. Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup, Jakarta. [Indonesian]
Koesdaryanto NSR, Wijayanti M, Simanjuntak MPD, Fathoni MFM, Sulton MN, Lillo EP, Setyawan AD. 2024. Analysis of mangrove forest ecosystem sustainable management by coastal communities in Sampang District, Madura Island, Indonesia. Indo Pac J Ocean Life 8: 33-42. https://doi.org/10.13057/oceanlife/o080104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/oceanlife/o080104
Kurniawati B, Sulistyaningrum N, Nugroho GD, Sunarto, Kusumaningrum L, Rahawarin YY, Flores AB, Yap CK, Setyawan AD. 2022. Mangrove conservation efforts with the ecotourism development in the Cengkrong Mangrove Ecotourism, Trenggalek District, East Java, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 12: 75-81. https://doi.org/10.13057/bonorowo/w120203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/bonorowo/w120203
Kusmana C, Wilarso S, Hilwan I, Pamungkas, Wibowo C, Tiryana T, Triswanto A, Yusnawi, Hamzah. 2003. Teknik Rehabilitasi Mangrove. Fakultas Kehutanan Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor. [Indonesian]
Kusmana C. 2017. Lessons learned from the mangrove rehabilitation program in Indonesia. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan 7 (1): 89-97. https://doi.org/10.19081/jpsl.2017.7.1.89. [Indonesian] DOI: https://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.7.1.89-97
Matatula J, Poedjirahajoe E, Pudyatmoko S, Sadono R. 2019. Keragaman kondisi salinitas pada lingkungan tempat tumbuh mangrove di Teluk Kupang, NTT. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 17 (3): 425-434. https://doi.org/10.14710/jil. 17.3. 425-434. [Indonesian] DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.17.3.425-434
McSherry M, Davis RP, Andradi-Brown DA, Ahmadia GN, Van Kempen M, Wingard Brian S. 2023. Integrated mangrove aquaculture: The sustainable choice for mangroves and aquaculture? Front For Glob Chang 6: 1094306. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1094306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1094306
Mehvar S, Filatova T, Dastgheib A, Steveninck EDR, Ranasinghe R. 2018. Quantifying economic value of coastal ecosystem services: A review. J Mar Sci Eng 6 (1): 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse6010005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse6010005
Musa M, Arsad S, Sagala RM, Lusiana ED, Sari LA. 2025. Silvofishery model in aquaculture and its impacts to ecological status of water quality environment. Poll res Res 40 (3): 713-720. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020206043. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020206043
Musa M, Mahmudi M, Arsad S, Buwono NR. 2020. Feasibility study and potential of pond as silvofishery in coastal area: Local case study in Situbondo, Indonesia. Reg Stud Mar Sci 33: 100971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2019.100971. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2019.100971
National Technical Advisory Committee (NTAC). 1968. Water Quality Criteria. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Washington.
Noor YR, Khazali M, Suryadiputra INN. 1999. Panduan Pengenalan Mangrove di Indonesia. PHKA/WI-IP, Bogor. [Iindonesian]
Nur AAI, Arifiani KN, Ramadhandi AR, Sabrina AD, Nugroho GD, Kusumaningrum L, Ramdhun D, Bao TQ, Yap CK, Budiharta S, Setyawan AD. 2022. Estimation of aboveground biomass and carbon stock in Damas Beach, Trenggalek District, East Java, Indonesia. Indo Pac J Ocean Life 6: 80-86. https://doi.org/10.13057/oceanlife/o060203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/oceanlife/o060203
Pescod MB. 1973. Investigation of Rational Effluent and Stream Standard for Tropical Country. San Francisco United States Army Research and Development Group, Bangkok.
Primavera JH, Esteban JMA. 2008. A review of mangrove rehabilitation in the Philippines: Successes, failures, and future prospects. Wetl Ecol Manag 16: 345-358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-008-9101-y. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-008-9101-y
Purwoko A, Mulya MB, Basyuni M, Gandeseca S, Daulay UA, Mubaraq A. 2026. Characteristics of Meretrix meretrix and mangroves in the main clam-producing area of Bagan Asahan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Asian J For 10 (1): r100118. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100118
Putri A, Bengen DG, Zamani NP, Salma U, Kusuma NP, Diningsih NT, Kleinertz S. 2022. Mangrove Habitat Structure of Mud Crabs (Scylla serrata and S. olivacea) in the Bee Jay Bakau Resort Probolinggo, Indonesia. Ilmu Kelautan Indones J Mar Sci 27 (2): 124-132. https://doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.27.2.124-132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.27.2.124-132
Ramadhani G, Wahyuningtyas J, Arifiandita DM, Ayuningtyas HR, Deristani A, Ulumuddin YI, Setyawan AD. 2024. Mangrove dynamics on the Madura Island coast, Indonesia, analyzed through NDVI: Balancing degradation and restoration efforts. Indo Pac J Ocean Life 8: 101-111. https://doi.org/10.13057/oceanlife/o080205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/oceanlife/o080205
Sammut J, White I, Melville MD. 1996. Acidification of an estuarine tributary in eastern Australia due to drainage of acid sulfate soils. Mar Freshw Res 47 (5): 669-684. https://doi.org/10.1071/mf9960669. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/MF9960669
Setyadi G, Pribadi R, Wijayanti DP, Sugianto DN. 2021. Mangrove diversity and community structure of Mimika District, Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22 (8): 3562-3570. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d220857. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d220857
Siahainenia L, Natan Y, Rahman R. 2026. Distribution of the Mud Crab (Scylla spp.) Density Based on Mangrove Ecosystem Zonation in Banggoi Village, East Seram: Implications for Sustainable Management. Egypt J Aquat Biol Fish 30 (1): 2103-2124. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2026.433150.6802. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2026.433150.6802
Soeprapto H, Ariadi H, Badrudin U, Soedibya PHT. 2023. The abundance of Microcystis sp. in intensive shrimp ponds. Depik 12 (1): 105-110. https://doi.org/10.13170/depik.12.1.30433. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13170/depik.12.1.30433
Soerianegara I. 1971. Characteristics of the mangrove soil of Java. Rimba Indonesia 15: 141-150.
Sombo D, Mogea RA, Massora M. 2024. Soil analysis of Rhizospher Mangrove Rhizophora Sp East Bintuni Village. Indones J Multidiscipl Sci 3 (11): 1-10.. https://doi.org/10.55324/ijoms.v3i11.974. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55324/ijoms.v3i11.974
Sumarga E, Roslein D, Hutajulu G, Plaurint RT, Basyuni M, Larekeng S, Taqiyudin M, Shohiha N, Ali H. 2024. Quantification of ecosystem services from mangrove silvofishery. Glob J Environ Sci Manag 10 (3): 1333-1344. https://doi.org/10.22034/gjesm.2024.03.23.
Sumarga E, Syamsyudin TS, Rahman SP, Putri ARK, Velia, Aldi AA, Basyuni M. 2022. Maintaining carbon storage does not reduce fish production from the mangrove-fish pond system: A case study in the coastal area of Subang District, West Java, Indonesia. Forests 13 (8): 1308. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13081308. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/f13081308
Walton ME, Samonte-Tan GPB, Primavera JH, Edwards-Jones G, Le Vay L. 2006. Are mangroves worth replanting? The direct economic benefits of a community-based reforestation project. Environ Conserv 33 (4): 335-343. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0376892906003341. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892906003341
Wang M, Cartwright I, Wong VNL. 2025. Characterization of acid sulfate soils along a temperate coastal vegetation gradient. Eur J Soil Sci 76 (2): e70100. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70100
Wijayanti T. 2022. Kandungan Nitrogen Total pada Sedimen Berdasarkan Kedalaman di Kawasan Konservasi Mangrove dan Kepiting Kelurahan Pamusian Kota Tarakan. [Thesis]. Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Borneo, Tarakan. [Indonesian]
Yanti G, Jamarun N, Suyitman S, Satria B, Sari RWW. 2021. Mineral status of soil, sea water, and mangrove (Avicennia marina) forages in several coastal areas of West Sumatra. Veterinary World 14 (6): 1594. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.1594-1601. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.1594-1601
Yulianda F. 2019. Ekowisata Perairan: Suatu Konsep Kesesuaian dan Daya Dukung Wisata Bahari dan Wisata Air Tawar. IPB Press, Bogor. [Indonesian]