Waterbird diversity and ecological characteristics of montane wetlands in Dieng Plateau, Central Java, Indonesia
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Abstract. Agustina AT, Nugroho CKA, Damayanti JT, Dewi R, Yap CK, Iskandar J, Setyawan AD. 2025. Waterbird diversity and ecological characteristics of montane wetlands in Dieng Plateau, Central Java, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 15: 103-120. This study examined waterbird diversity and habitat relationships across three montane wetlands of the Dieng Plateau, Central Java, Indonesia-Telaga Menjer, Telaga Merdada, and Telaga Cebong-during the dry season (June-September 2024), using standardized point count and transect walk methods to document species composition, habitat use, and foraging behavior. A total of 25 waterbird species belonging to 13 families were recorded, with assemblages dominated by Ardeidae, Rallidae, and Alcedinidae. Species richness varied among lakes, being highest at Telaga Menjer (21 species), followed by Telaga Merdada (18 species) and Telaga Cebong (15 species), reflecting gradients of habitat heterogeneity, lake size, and disturbance intensity. Diversity indices indicated moderate Shannon-Wiener values (H′ = 2.18-2.65) and high evenness (E = 0.83-0.91), suggesting relatively balanced community structures across sites. Piscivores (40%) and insectivores (36%) constituted the dominant feeding guilds, highlighting the importance of aquatic prey availability and structurally complex littoral zones. Community similarity analysis revealed moderate overlap among lakes, with Sørensen similarity values ranging from 0.61 to 0.72, and species turnover emerging as the primary component of beta diversity, driven by environmental filtering and spatial isolation. The presence of species of conservation concern, including Aerodramus vulcanorum (Near Threatened and endemic to Java) and Gallinula chloropus, underscores the ecological significance of these wetlands as refugia for both resident and migratory birds. Maintaining littoral vegetation, water quality, and habitat heterogeneity is therefore essential for sustaining avian diversity. Overall, these findings provide the first quantitative baseline for montane wetland avifauna in Java and offer a foundation for integrated management strategies that link habitat protection, sustainable tourism, and community-based monitoring to enhance long-term ecological resilience.
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