Diversity and potential utilization of macrofungi in the riparian area of the Samin River, Central Java, Indonesia
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Abstract. Putri RRA, Fajri R, Rahmadhani SE, Salsabila S, Himawan W, Septiasari A, Yap CK, Setyawan AD. 2025. Diversity and potential utilization of macrofungi in the riparian area of the Samin River, Central Java, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 15: 86-102. Macrofungi play essential roles in decomposition, nutrient cycling, and ecosystem functioning, yet their diversity in the riparian habitats of Java (Indonesia) remains poorly documented. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of macrofungal communities along the Samin River, Central Java, covering upstream, middle, and downstream segments. Surveys were conducted in March-April 2024 using belt-transect observations (10 m × 100 m per station) across six locations. All encountered fruiting bodies were recorded, photographed, and identified based on macromorphological and microscopical features, with substrate type categorized into weathered logs (W), leaf litter (L), soil (S), tree bark (T), and animal dung (A). Diversity indices (Shannon–Wiener H', Simpson D, Margalef R, and Evenness E) and substrate distributions were analyzed to evaluate spatial patterns in community structure. A total of 98 macrofungal species belonging to 38 families, 13 orders, and two phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) were confirmed, with Basidiomycota predominating. The most species-rich families were Mycenaceae, Polyporaceae, Marasmiaceae, and Agaricaceae. Species richness was comparable between the upstream and middle sections (41 species each), but the upstream section exhibited the highest ecological diversity as reflected by diversity indices (H' = 3.03, R = 6.40), whereas downstream areas showed lower diversity values (H' = 2.29, R = 3.88). These patterns reflect environmental gradients in humidity, canopy cover, light intensity, and substrate availability along the river continuum. Weathered logs were the most frequently colonized substrate, supporting more than half of all species, including ecologically important lignicolous taxa (e.g., Xylaria, Crepidotus, Cerrena, Schizophyllum). Several species displayed multi-substrate flexibility (e.g., Marasmius elegans), indicating functional adaptability to riparian microhabitats. Edible and medicinal taxa—such as Auricularia auricula-judae, Termitomyces sp., and Schizophyllum commune —highlight the biocultural and biotechnological value of riparian macrofungi. The Samin River corridor serves as a biodiversity reservoir that merits greater conservation attention and provides promising opportunities for sustainable fungal utilization.
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