Plant growth and total flavonoid content of Sisyrinchium palmifolium after light intensity and gibberellin treatment

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##

PDF
DOI https://doi.org/10.13057/cellbioldev/v040203
Issue
Vol. 4 No. 2 (2020)
Section
Articles

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

PUJI ASTUTI KISWANTARI ZUAINI
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57 126, Central Java, Indonesia
WIDYA MUDYANTINI
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57 126, Central Java, Indonesia
SOLICHATUN ♥
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57 126, Central Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Zuaini PAK, Mudyantini W, Solochatun. 2020. Plant growth and total flavonoid content of Sisyrinchium palmifolium after light intensity and gibberellin treatment. Cell Biol Dev 4: 52-63. Dayak onion (Sisyrinchium palmifolium L Syn.: Eleutherine palmifolia L. Merr.) was a plant that has the potential to be developed as a traditional medicine because it contains flavonoid compounds. This research aimed to determine the effect of the application of differences in light intensity and gibberellins on the plant growth and flavonoid content of S. palmifolium. This research used uniform S. palmifolium with a harvest age of 3-4 months and an 8-9 g weight range from Pasir Besar Village, South Pontianak District, Pontianak, Indonesia. The experiment used the Factorial Completely Randomized Design method with two factors treatment and six replications: light intensity (100%, 75%, 50%) and gibberellin concentration (0, 10, 20 ppm). The control was 100% light intensity treatment and 0 ppm gibberellin concentration. The parameters measured were the number of leaves, length, width, time of flowering, number of flowers, and number of bulbs. In the post-harvest, dry and wet weights of bulbs were measured. Then, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and flavonoid contents were assessed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and stomata density was also analyzed. ANOVA analyzed the data, and if the difference was significant, it was continued with the DMRT test at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the growth of S. palmifolium was significantly affected by light intensity and gibberellins on the parameters of leaves length; leaves, midrib, and bulbs wet weight; leaves and midrib wet weight; leaves and midrib dry weight; bulbs dry weight; shoot root ratio; leaves carotenoid content, and bulbs carotenoid content. However, parameters had no significant effect on the number of leaves, leaves width, time of flowering, number of flowers, number of bulbs, chlorophyll contents, flavonoid, and stomata density. The 50% light intensity and 10 ppm gibberellins were the best treatments to increase leaves length, leaves, midrib, bulbs wet weight, leaves, and bulbs chlorophyll content of S. palmifolium.

2017-01-01

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

References
Atif MJ, Ahanger MA, Amin B, Ghani MI, Ali M, Cheng Z. 2020. Mechanwasm of Allium crops bulb enlargement in response to photoperiod: A review. Intl J Mol Sci 21 (1325): 1-25. DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041325.
Bahruddin. 2004. Penggunaan taraf naungan dan jenwas mulsa untuk meningkatkan hasil bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.). J Agroland 2: 2. [Indonesian]
Bowen G. 1991. Soil Temperature, Root Growth and Plant Function. Marcel Dekker, New York.
Bruce WB, Edmeades GO, Barker TC. 2001. Molecular and physiological approaches to maize improvement for drought tolerance. J Exp Bot 53: 13-25. DOI: 10.1093/jexbot/53.366.13.
Corgan JN, Montano JM. 1975. Bolting and other responses of onion (Allium cepa L.) to growth regulating chemicals. J Am Sci 100 (3): 273-275.
Ekawati R. 2018. Produksi pucuk dan kandungan flavonoid tanaman kolesom pada cekaman naungan. J Hort Indonesia 9 (3): 216-223. DOI: 10.29244/jhi.9.3.216-223. [Indonesian]
Ekawati R. 2020. Respon hasil dan kadar total flavonoid umbi bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr.) terhadap pemberian naungan. Agrovigor: J Agroekoteknologi 13 (2): 112-116. DOI: 10.21107/agrovigor.v13i2.7490. [Indonesian]
Fan XX, Xu ZG, Liu XY, Tanga CM, Wang LW, Han XL. 2013. Effects of light intensity on the growth and leaf development of young tomato plants grown under a combination of red and blue light. Sci Hortic 153 (2013): 50-55. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2013.01.017.
Farida, Rohaeni N. 2019. Pengaruh konsentrasi hormon giberelin terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman okra (Abelmosculus esculentus L.). ZIRAA’AH 44 (1): 1-8. DOI: 10.31602/zmip.v44i1.1601. [Indonesian]
Fitter AH, Hay RKM. 1998. Fwasiologi Lingkungan Tanaman. Universitas Gadjah Mada Press, Yogyakarta. [Indonesian]
Galingging RY. 2009. Bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia) sebagai tanaman obat multifungsi. Warta Penelitian dan Pengembangan 15 (3): 1-4. [Indonesian]
Gardner FP, Pearce RB, Mitchell RL. 1991. Physiology of Crop Plants. Diterjemahkan oleh Susilo H. Universitas Indonesia Press, Jakarta. [Indonesian]
Handriawan A, Respatie DW, Tohari. 2016. Pengaruh naungan terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tiga kultivar kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) di Lahan Pasir Pantai Bugel, Kulon Progo. Vegetalika 5 (3): 1-14. [Indonesian]
Harlita TD, Oedjijono, Asnani A. 2018. The antibacterial activity of dayak onion (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr) towards pathogenic bacteria. Trop Life Sci Res 29 (2): 39-52. DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2018.29.2.4.
Hasidah, Mukarlina, Rousdy DW. 2017. Kandungan pigmen klorofil, karotenoid, dan antosianin daun caladium. J Protobiont 6 (2): 29-37. [Indonesian]
Hidayati AR, Nurlaelih EE, Heddy S. 2019. Pengaruh Pemberian Hormon Gibberelin (GA3) terhadap Pembungaan Tiga Jenwas Tanaman Soka (Ixora coccinea L.). [Skripsi]. Universitas Brawijaya. Malang. [Indonesian]
Julianto TS. 2019. Fitokimia Tinjauan Metabolit Sekunder dan Skrining Fitokimia. Universitas Waslam Indonesia, Yogyakarta. [Indonesian]
Kim HY, Hamayun M, Khan AL, Na CI, Kang SM, Han HH, Lee IJ. 2009. Exogenous application of plant growth regulators increased the total flavonoid content in Taraxacum officinale Wigg. Afr J Biotechnol 8 (21): 5727-5732. DOI: 10.5897/AJB09.927.
Lakitan B. 1996. Fwasiologi Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Tanaman. PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta. [Indonesian]
Lestari EG. 2006. Hubungan antara Stomata dengan Ketahanan Kekeringan pada Somaklon Padi Gajahmungkur, Towuti, dan IR 64. Biodiversitas 7 (1): 44-48. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d070112. [Indonesian]
Mariana L, Andayani Y, Gunawan R. 2013. Analwaswas senyawa flavonoid hasil fraksinasi ekstrak diklorometana daun keluwih (Artocarpus camansi). Chem Prog 6 (2): 50-55.
Miceli A, Moncada A, Sabatino L, Vetrano F. 2019. Effect of gibberellic acid on growth, yield, and quality of leaf lettuce and rocket grown in a floating system. Agronomy 9 (7): 1-22. DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9070382.
Naspiah N, Waskandar Y, Moelyono M.W. 2014. Artikel ulasan: Bawang tiwai (Eleutherine americana Merr.), tanaman multiguna. Indones J Appl Sci 4 (2): 18-30. [Indonesian]
Puspadewi R, Adirestu P, Menawati R. 2013. Khasiat umbi bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr.) sebagai herbal antimikroba kulit. Kartika Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi 1(1): 31-37. DOI: 10.26874/kjif.v1i1.21. [Indonesian]
Putrasamedja S, Pambudi AH. 2004. Pengaruh zat pengaruh tumbuh GA3 dan cara perendaman umbi bawang merah pada kultivar sumenep terhadap pembungaan. J Pembangunan Pedesaan 4 (2): 138-143. [Indonesian]
Rezai S, Eternadi N, Nikbakht, Yousefi M, Majidi MM. 2018. Effect of light intensity on leaf morphology, photosynthetic capacity, and chlorophyll content in sage (Salvia officinalwas L.). Hortic Sci Technol 36 (1): 46-57. DOI: 10.12972/kjhst.20180006.
Rudiansyah J, Nurhaiti, Tabrani G. 2017. Respon bibit kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) terhadap pemberian pupuk daun dan giberelin. JOM Faperta UR 4 (1): 1-16. DOI: 10.37676/agritepa.v4i1.591. [Indonesian]
Salfia U, Yustina, Wulandari S. 2020. Pengaruh konsentrasi arang sekam padi dan pupuk kandang sapi terhadap pertumbuhan bawang dayak (Eleutherine americana Merr.) sebagai Rancangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) pada Materi Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Kelas XII SMA. JOM FKIP 7 (1): 1-10. DOI: 10.31258/biogenesis.17.1.31-38. [Indonesian]
Salisbury FB, Ross CW. 1995. Fwasiologi Tumbuhan Jilid 3. Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung. [Indonesian]
Sari VI, Saleh I, Ekawati R. 2020. Respons pertumbuhan, produksi, dan kandungan flavonoid bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia) terhadap pengendalian gulma dan jarak tanam. Agrotech Res J 4 (2): 92-98. DOI: 10.20961/agrotechresj.v4i2.41725. [Indonesian]
Sitanggang A, Waslan, Saputra SI. 2015. Pengaruh pemberian pupuk kandang ayam dan zat pengatur tumbuh giberelin terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kopi arabika (Coffea arabica L.). JOM FAPERTA 2 (1): 1-12. [Indonesian]
Sukartini, Syah MJA. 2009. Potensi kandungan antosianin pada daun muda tanaman mangga sebagai kriteria seleksi dini zuriat mangga. J Hort 19 (1): 23-27. [Indonesian]
Taiz L, Zeiger E. 2012. Lincoln Taiz: In Plant Physiology (Fifth Edition). Sinauer Associates Inc., Massachusetts.
Xu L, Zhang L, Yue HY, Wu SG, Zhang HJ, Ji F, Qi GH. 2011. Effect of electrical stunning current and frequency on meat quality, plasma parameters, and glycolytic potential in broilers. Poult Sci 90: 1823-1830. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-01249.
Wicaksono FY, Nurmala T, Irwan AW, Putri ASU. 2016. Pengaruh pemberian gibberellin dan sitokinin pada konsentrasi yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) di dataran medium. Jatinangor Jurnal Kultivasi 15 (1): 52-58. DOI: 10.24198/kultivasi.v15i1.12004. [Indonesian]
Wiraatmaja IW. 2017. Bahan Ajar: Giberelin, Etilen, dan Pemakaiannya dalam Bidang Pertanian. Universitas Udayana, Bali. [Indonesian]
Wulandari I, Haryanti S, Izzati M. 2016. Pengaruh naungan menggunakan paranet terhadap pertumbuhan serta kandungan klorofil dan ? karoten pada kangkung darat (Ipomoea reptans Poir). J Biologi 5 (3): 71-79. [Indonesian]
Yusuf H. 2009. Pengaruh Naungan dan Tekstur Tanah terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Bawang Sabrang (Eleutherine americana Merr.). [Hon. Thesis]. Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. [Indonesian]