Species diversity of mangrove at tree and pole level in Sampang and Pamekasan Districts, Madura Island, Indonesia
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Abstract. Lathifah MN, Muazulfa TI, Nisa WK, Raharjo YAA, Arta YPA, Setyawan AD. 2024. Species diversity of mangrove at tree and pole level in Sampang and Pamekasan Districts, Madura Island, Indonesia. Indo Pac J Ocean Life 8: 84-93. Madura Island, Indonesia, located northeast of Java Island, features naturally occurring mangrove vegetation along its coastline. Mangrove forests encompass approximately 75% of the coastlines in tropical and subtropical regions. The diversity of mangrove species needs to be assessed to determine the current situation and provide an evaluation of biodiversity conservation. In this research, the mangrove species diversity at both tree and pole level in the coast of Taddan Village, Sampang District (7°13'7.53"S, 113°16'15.93"E), Song Osong Beach, Sampang District (7°13'19.55"S, 113°12'10.63"E), Branta Tinggi Village, Pamekasan District (7°13'19.53"S, 113°27'12.45"E) and Tlanakan Village, Pamekasan District (7°13'16.24"S, 113°26'11.68"E), Madura Island, East Java, Indonesia were determined. A 150 m long transect plot was established at each station, yielding 40 plots for 4 stations. Abiotic factors, including temperature, salinity, pH, and soil moisture at the study location, were also measured. The Shannon-Wiener Index (H') is used to analyze the species diversity index; Pielou's Evenness and Margalef's Richness index analysis are also calculated in this research. The results indicated that there are 3 species consisting of Rhizophora stylosa, Avicennia marina, and Sonneratia alba. The diversity analysis showed a moderate category (H' range: 1.85-2.56), with the highest values at both tree and pole levels recorded at Song Osong Beach (H' tree: 2.56, H' pole: 2.19). Meanwhile, the lowest value at the tree level was recorded at Taddan Village (H': 1.99), and the pole level is at Branta Tinggi Village (H': 1.85). The Margalef's richness values obtained range from D: 39.34-95.58 (high) at the tree level and D: 13.61-98.00 (high) at the pole level. The results of Pielou's evenness calculations indicate low evenness at all stations (J' tree: 0.05-0.27: J' pole: 0.02-0.48. In an ecosystem with a medium-level diversity index, vegetation can grow with sufficient support but also faces significant threats. In this instance, the threats arise from anthropogenic activities, such as illegal logging and land conversion for aquaculture purposes. The implementation of mangrove maintenance efforts can be achieved through protection and rehabilitation initiatives that collaborate with local governments and engage indigenous communities.
2017-01-01
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