Physicochemical factors influencing zonation patterns, niche width and tolerances of dominant mangroves in southern Oriental Mindoro, Philippines
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Abstract. Raganas AFM, Magcale-Macandog DBM. 2020. Physicochemical factors influencing zonation patterns, niche width, and tolerances of dominant mangroves in southern Oriental Mindoro, Philippines. Ocean Life 4: 51-62. Physicochemical factors are known for having strong influence on the spatial patterns and structural complexity of mangroves. In this regard, we aimed to contribute to filling up this information gap in the six mangrove ecosystems on the southern coast of Oriental Mindoro, Philippines. In each of the six mangrove ecosystems, the dominant mangrove species were identified in four mangrove zones - seaward, riverine, middle, and landward - using a stratified random sampling method for vegetation survey. Physicochemical parameters of water, air, and soil were also obtained from these ecozones. Results of the Principal Component Analysis revealed that temperature and water salinity are the factors that show strong influence on the spatial distribution of the dominant mangrove species. Canonical Correspondence Analysis revealed that Avicennia marina, Sonneratia alba, and Rhizophora apiculata, are species associated with a highly saline environment, while Xylocarpus granatum, Ceriops decandra, Avicennia rumphiana, and Rhizophora mucronata are species associated with low to optimum saline environment. Most of these dominant species preferred ecotypes with low to optimum salinity levels as revealed by their individual niche width and tolerances. The different adaptations and dominance of these mangrove species provide insights in the identification of appropriate species that could be used as planting materials for rehabilitation endeavors in the respective mangrove ecosystem.
2017-01-01
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References
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Ball MC. 1980. Patterns of secondary succession in a mangrove forest of southern Florida. Oecologia 44: 226-235.
Bhosale LJ and Mulik NG. 1991. Endangered mangrove areas of Maharashtra. Proceedings of the Symposium on Significance of Mangroves. July 1991, Pune, India. [Indian]
Bomfim MR, Santos JA, Costa OV, da Conceiçao JN, da Silva Alyne A, de Souza SC and de Almeida MC. 2018. Morphology, physical and chemical characteristics of mangrove soil under riverine and marine influence: A case study on Subaé River Basin, Bahia, Brazil, Mangrove Ecosystem Ecology and Function, Sahadev Sharma, IntechOpen, London, United Kingdom.
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Cardona P and Botero L. 1998. Soil characteristics and vegetation structure in a heavily deteriorated mangrove forest in the Caribbean coast of Colombia. Biotropica 30:24–34.
Chandarasekara W and Dissanayake N. 2014. Effects of mangrove zonation and the physicochemical parameters of soil on the distribution of macrobenthic fauna in Kadolkele mangrove forest, a tropical mangrove forest in Sri Lanka. Adv Ecol 2014: 1-13.
Chen Y and Ye Y. 2014. Effects of Salinity and Nutrient Addition on Mangrove Excoecaria agallocha. PloS One 9(4): e93337.
Das L, Patel R, Salvi H, Kamboj RD. 2019. Assessment of natural regeneration of mangrove with reference to edaphic factors and water in Southern Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Heliyon 5: 8.
Eswaran Y, Dharanirajan K, Subramanian J, Saravanan, Balasubramaniam J. 2017. Distribution and zonation pattern of mangrove forest in Shoal Bay Creek, Andaman Islands, India. Indian J Mar Sci 46: 597-604.
Feller I, Lovelock C, Berger U, McKee K, Joye S and Ball M. 2010. Biocomplexity in Mangrove Ecosystems. Annu Rev Mar Sci 2: 395-417.
Gillis LG, Hortua DAS, Zimmer M, Jennerjahn TC, Herbeck LS. 2019. Interactive effects of temperature and nutrients on mangrove seedling growth and implications for establishment. Mar Environ Res 151: 104750.
Harahap N, Lestariadi RA, Soeprijanto A. 2015. The effect of soil quality on the survival rate of mangrove vegetation. J Eng Appl Sci 10(7): 154-156.
Hatfield JL and Prueger JH. 2015. Temperature extremes: Effect on plant growth and development. Weather Clim Extrem 10: 4-10.
Hoppe-Speer SCL, Adams JB, Rajkaran A, Bailey D. 2011. The response of the red mangrove Rhizophora mucronata Lam. to salinity and inundation in South Africa. Aquat Bot 95: 71-76.
Joshi H and Ghose M. 2003. Forest structure and species distribution along soil salinity and pH gradient in mangrove swamps of the Sundarbans. Trop Ecol 44 (2): 195-204.
Kodikara KAS, Jayatissa LP, Huxham M, Dahdouhguebas F, Koedam N. 2018. The effects of salinity on growth and survival of mangrove seedlings changes with age. Acta Bot Bras 32:37–46.
Krishnamurthy P, Mohanty B, Wijaya E, Lee D, Lim T, Lin Q, Xu J, Loh C, and Kumar P. 2017. Transcriptomics analysis of salt stress tolerance in the roots of the mangrove Avicennia officinalis. Sci Rep 7: 10031.
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Noor T, Batool N, Mazhar R, Ilyas N. 2015. Effects of Siltation, Temperature and Salinity on Mangrove Plants. Eur Acad Res 2: 2.
Perera KAR, Amarasinghe MD, Somaratna S. 2013. Vegetation structure and species distribution of mangroves along a soil salinity gradient in a micro tidal estuary on the north-western coast of Sri Lanka. Am J Sci 1:7-15.
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Primavera JH, Rollon RN, Samson MS. 2011. The pressing challenges of mangrove rehabilitation: Pond reversion and coastal protection. In: Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences. Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science. Elsevier, Amsterdam
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Reef R and Lovelock CE. 2015. Regulation of water balance in mangroves. Ann Bot 115(3): 385–395.
Schmiegelow J, Marcos M, Gianesella S and Maria F. 2014. Absence of Zonation in a Mangrove Forest in Southeastern Brazil. Braz J Oceanogr 62(2): 117-131.
Sherman RE, Fahey TJ and Howarth RW. 1998. Soil-plant interactions in a neotropical mangrove forest: Iron, phosphorus and sulfur dynamics. Oecologia, 115: 553-563.
Siddique M, Raqibul H, Saha S, Salekin S and Hossain M. 2017. Salinity strongly drives the survival, growth, leaf demography, and nutrient partitioning in seedlings of Xylocarpus granatum J. König. Iforest 10: 851-856.
Srikanth S, Lum S, Chen Z. 2015. Mangrove root: adaptations and ecological importance. Trees 30: 451-465.
State of the Coasts of Oriental Mindoro (SOCOM) 2015. The provincial government of Oriental Mindoro. [Philippines]
Van Tang T, Rene ER, Binh TN, Behera SK and Phong NT. 2020. Mangroves diversity and erosion mitigation performance in a low salinity soil area: case study of Vinh City, Vietnam. Wetl Ecol Manag 28: 163–176.
von Arx G, Dobbertin M, Rebetez Martine. 2012. Spatio-temporal effects of forest canopy on understory microclimate in along-term experiment in Switzerland. Agric For Meteorol 166-167: 144-155.
Wang W, Li X, Wang M. 2018. Propagule Dispersal Determines Mangrove Zonation at Intertidal and Estuarine Scales. Forests 10(3): 245.
Ward RD, Friess DA, Day RH, and MacKenzie RA. 2016. Impacts of climate change on mangrove ecosystems: a region by region overview. Ecosyst Health Sustain 2(4): e01211.
Warming. 1883. Tropiche Fragment II. Rhizophora mangle. L. Bot Jahrb 4: 519-548.
Wilde F. 2006. Chapter A6. Section 6.1. Temperature: Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations. US Geol Surv 2: 22. http://water.usgs.gov/owq/FieldManual/Chapter6/6.1_ver2.pdf
Ball MC. 1980. Patterns of secondary succession in a mangrove forest of southern Florida. Oecologia 44: 226-235.
Bhosale LJ and Mulik NG. 1991. Endangered mangrove areas of Maharashtra. Proceedings of the Symposium on Significance of Mangroves. July 1991, Pune, India. [Indian]
Bomfim MR, Santos JA, Costa OV, da Conceiçao JN, da Silva Alyne A, de Souza SC and de Almeida MC. 2018. Morphology, physical and chemical characteristics of mangrove soil under riverine and marine influence: A case study on Subaé River Basin, Bahia, Brazil, Mangrove Ecosystem Ecology and Function, Sahadev Sharma, IntechOpen, London, United Kingdom.
Bunt JS. 1996. Mangrove zonation: an examination of data from seventeen riverine estuaries in tropical Australia. Ann Bot 78: 333-341.
Cardona P and Botero L. 1998. Soil characteristics and vegetation structure in a heavily deteriorated mangrove forest in the Caribbean coast of Colombia. Biotropica 30:24–34.
Chandarasekara W and Dissanayake N. 2014. Effects of mangrove zonation and the physicochemical parameters of soil on the distribution of macrobenthic fauna in Kadolkele mangrove forest, a tropical mangrove forest in Sri Lanka. Adv Ecol 2014: 1-13.
Chen Y and Ye Y. 2014. Effects of Salinity and Nutrient Addition on Mangrove Excoecaria agallocha. PloS One 9(4): e93337.
Das L, Patel R, Salvi H, Kamboj RD. 2019. Assessment of natural regeneration of mangrove with reference to edaphic factors and water in Southern Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Heliyon 5: 8.
Eswaran Y, Dharanirajan K, Subramanian J, Saravanan, Balasubramaniam J. 2017. Distribution and zonation pattern of mangrove forest in Shoal Bay Creek, Andaman Islands, India. Indian J Mar Sci 46: 597-604.
Feller I, Lovelock C, Berger U, McKee K, Joye S and Ball M. 2010. Biocomplexity in Mangrove Ecosystems. Annu Rev Mar Sci 2: 395-417.
Gillis LG, Hortua DAS, Zimmer M, Jennerjahn TC, Herbeck LS. 2019. Interactive effects of temperature and nutrients on mangrove seedling growth and implications for establishment. Mar Environ Res 151: 104750.
Harahap N, Lestariadi RA, Soeprijanto A. 2015. The effect of soil quality on the survival rate of mangrove vegetation. J Eng Appl Sci 10(7): 154-156.
Hatfield JL and Prueger JH. 2015. Temperature extremes: Effect on plant growth and development. Weather Clim Extrem 10: 4-10.
Hoppe-Speer SCL, Adams JB, Rajkaran A, Bailey D. 2011. The response of the red mangrove Rhizophora mucronata Lam. to salinity and inundation in South Africa. Aquat Bot 95: 71-76.
Joshi H and Ghose M. 2003. Forest structure and species distribution along soil salinity and pH gradient in mangrove swamps of the Sundarbans. Trop Ecol 44 (2): 195-204.
Kodikara KAS, Jayatissa LP, Huxham M, Dahdouhguebas F, Koedam N. 2018. The effects of salinity on growth and survival of mangrove seedlings changes with age. Acta Bot Bras 32:37–46.
Krishnamurthy P, Mohanty B, Wijaya E, Lee D, Lim T, Lin Q, Xu J, Loh C, and Kumar P. 2017. Transcriptomics analysis of salt stress tolerance in the roots of the mangrove Avicennia officinalis. Sci Rep 7: 10031.
Lovelock C, Ball M, Martin K and Feller I. 2009. Nutrient Enrichment Increases Mortality of Mangroves. PLoS One 4(5): e5600
Lugo AE. 1990. Fringe wetlands, p. 143-169. In Lugo, A.E., M.M. Brinson and S. Brown, Ecosystems of the World. 15. Forested Wetlands. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Mahmood H, Saha S, Siddique MRH, Hasan MN. 2014a. Salinity stress on growth, nutrients and carbon distribution in seedlings parts of Heritiera fomes. Int J Energy Environ Eng 1 (4): 71-77.
Mahmood H, Saha S, Serajis S, Siddique MRH, Abdullah SMR. 2014b. Salinity influence on germination of four important mangrove species of the Sundarbans, Bangladesh. Agric For 60 (2): 125-135.
Mariappan N, Ethirajan V, and Hari Nivas, A. 2016. A study of water quality status of Mangrove Vegetation in Pichavaram Estaury. J Agric Ecol Res Int 5: 1-11.
Mustapha A, Gandaseca S, Rosli N, Hamzah A, Tindit A and Nyangon L. 2016. Soil pH and Carbon at Different Depth in Three Zones of Mangrove Forest in Sarawak, Malaysia. Malays For 79: 164-173.
Naskar K. 2004. Manual of Indian Mangroves, New Delhi: Daya Publishing house, India
Noor T, Batool N, Mazhar R, Ilyas N. 2015. Effects of Siltation, Temperature and Salinity on Mangrove Plants. Eur Acad Res 2: 2.
Perera KAR, Amarasinghe MD, Somaratna S. 2013. Vegetation structure and species distribution of mangroves along a soil salinity gradient in a micro tidal estuary on the north-western coast of Sri Lanka. Am J Sci 1:7-15.
Primavera JH, Sabada RS, Lebata MJHL, Altamirano JP. 2004. Handbook of Mangroves in the Philippines-Panay. SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department, lloilo, Philippines
Primavera JH, Esteban JMA. 2008. A Review of Mangrove Rehabilitation in the Philippines: Success, Failures, and Future Prospects. Wetl Ecol Manag 16(5): 345-358.
Primavera JH, Rollon RN, Samson MS. 2011. The pressing challenges of mangrove rehabilitation: Pond reversion and coastal protection. In: Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences. Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Raganas AF, Macandog D, Hadsall A, Pampolina N and Hotes S. 2019. Regeneration capacity of mangrove ecosystems in the southern coast of Oriental Mindoro, Philippines: Implication to future mangrove rehabilitation.[Dissertation]. University of the Philippines, Los Banos. [Philippines]
Reef R and Lovelock CE. 2015. Regulation of water balance in mangroves. Ann Bot 115(3): 385–395.
Schmiegelow J, Marcos M, Gianesella S and Maria F. 2014. Absence of Zonation in a Mangrove Forest in Southeastern Brazil. Braz J Oceanogr 62(2): 117-131.
Sherman RE, Fahey TJ and Howarth RW. 1998. Soil-plant interactions in a neotropical mangrove forest: Iron, phosphorus and sulfur dynamics. Oecologia, 115: 553-563.
Siddique M, Raqibul H, Saha S, Salekin S and Hossain M. 2017. Salinity strongly drives the survival, growth, leaf demography, and nutrient partitioning in seedlings of Xylocarpus granatum J. König. Iforest 10: 851-856.
Srikanth S, Lum S, Chen Z. 2015. Mangrove root: adaptations and ecological importance. Trees 30: 451-465.
State of the Coasts of Oriental Mindoro (SOCOM) 2015. The provincial government of Oriental Mindoro. [Philippines]
Van Tang T, Rene ER, Binh TN, Behera SK and Phong NT. 2020. Mangroves diversity and erosion mitigation performance in a low salinity soil area: case study of Vinh City, Vietnam. Wetl Ecol Manag 28: 163–176.
von Arx G, Dobbertin M, Rebetez Martine. 2012. Spatio-temporal effects of forest canopy on understory microclimate in along-term experiment in Switzerland. Agric For Meteorol 166-167: 144-155.
Wang W, Li X, Wang M. 2018. Propagule Dispersal Determines Mangrove Zonation at Intertidal and Estuarine Scales. Forests 10(3): 245.
Ward RD, Friess DA, Day RH, and MacKenzie RA. 2016. Impacts of climate change on mangrove ecosystems: a region by region overview. Ecosyst Health Sustain 2(4): e01211.
Warming. 1883. Tropiche Fragment II. Rhizophora mangle. L. Bot Jahrb 4: 519-548.
Wilde F. 2006. Chapter A6. Section 6.1. Temperature: Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations. US Geol Surv 2: 22. http://water.usgs.gov/owq/FieldManual/Chapter6/6.1_ver2.pdf