Diversity analysis of brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens rod natural enemies in paddy rice ecosystems in West Sumatera natural enemies in paddy rice ecosystem

Abstract

Tauruslina AE, Trizelia, Yaherwandi, Hamid H. 2015. Diversity analysis of brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens rod natural enemies in paddy rice ecosystems in West Sumatera natural enemies in paddy rice ecosystem. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 581-589. In lowland rice ecosystem there are natural enemies of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), consisting of parasitoids, predators and pathogens that play a role in the biological balance. This study aims to determine the diversity (biodiversity), the composition of natural enemies and indicators of environmental quality in areas endemic/non-endemic in West Sumatera. The experiment was conducted in December 2014 to February 2015, in X Koto Singkarak, Solok district and Lengayang, Pesisir Selatan district (endemic areas), as well as Koto VII, Sijunjung district and Talawi, Sawahlunto district (non-endemic areas). The location is situated in the area of brown planthopper attack. Sampling was done by two methods. The first method, direct observations (visual) which is determined by purposive sampling to represent the plant samples from the observed land area. Plant sampling based on the longest straight line as much as 30 clumps. The second method uses the swinging webs (sweep sampling method). Species diversity was calculated using Shannon diversity index (H ') and evenness index (E). The results showed the diversity of species. Insects in endemic and non-endemic areas totaling 568 individuals consisting of 9 orders, 17 families, 6 genera and 20 species. The highest number of insect species in Koto VII followed Lengayang, X Koto Singkarak and Talawi. The composition of the highest population in the community structure of predator species dominated by 62.38% (n=101 individuals in Talawi), 53.15% (n=143 individuals in X Koto Singkarak) and 44.74% (n=152 individuals in Lengayang), whereas in Koto VII pest species dominated by 59.30% (n = 172 individuals). Diversity and evenness index of the highest natural enemies in Lengayang with H '= 1.9 and E = 0.8 with a more stable environment quality. Dominant predator species found in endemic areas is Cytorhinus lividipennis (Hemiptera: Myridae), Verania  discolor (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae), Araneus inustus (Araneae: Araneidae), whereas in non-endemic areas is Oxypes javanus (Araneae: Lynx spider), Ophionea nigrofasciata (Coleroptera: Carabidae). Anagrus sp (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) is an egg parasitoid leafhoppers and dominant parasitoid was found, whereas Metarrhizium sp (Monililiales: Moniliaceae) is a pathogen that infects planthopper found in endemic areas.