Physiological and growth of rambutan, mango, durian and avocado seedlings on various light intensity and nitrogen fertilization

Abstract

Juhaeti T, Hidayati N. 2015. Physiological and growth of rambutan, mango, durian and avocado seedlings on various light intensity and nitrogen fertilization. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 947-953. The research has been conducted to find out physiology and growth of mango, durian, rambutan and avocado seedlings on the various light intensity and nitrogen fertilization in Botany Division, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong Bogor. Seedlings were grown in polybags in soil: manure = 2:1 planting medium, using Factorial Randomized Completed Block Design. The first factor are shading: 0% (N0), 55% (N1) and 75% (N2), the second are dose of N fertilizer: 0 (P0), 5 (P1) and 10 g of urea/pot (P2) and the third factor are the type of plant: rambutan (T1), mango (T2), durian (T3) and avocado (T4). The result showed that in the nursery, rambutan, durian, mango and avocado seedlings were tolerant to low light intensity. On relatively low Q-leaf value, the photosynthesis can still occur, meanwhile, if it's too high, the rate of leaf photosynthesis was declined. The photosynthesis capabilities were not significantly different on each plant species. The highest rate of photosynthesis (A) was on mango (10,079) followed by avocado, durian, and rambutan. The high rate of transpiration (E) was on avocado followed by durian, rambutan, and mango. The effects of fertilization were not significantly different on CO2 absorption, transpiration and stomatal opening (Gs). Meanwhile, the effect of shading treatment was significantly different on E and Gs but not on the rate of photosynthesis. On 11 MAP (months after planting) old, nitrogen fertilization were significantly affected stem diameter (the largest is 1.4 cm in P3 treatment), but not at the height of the plant. The shading treatment was significantly different both of stem diameter (the largest 1.5 cm from the treatment of the N1) and plant height (highest 133.2 cm from the N2 treatment). The rambutan, durian, mango and avocado seedlings gave a nearly same physiological response to light intensity.