Review: Potential diversity of fruit trees in the swamp and utilization

Abstract

Noor M, Saleh M, Subagio H. 2015. Potential diversity of fruit trees in the swamp and utilization. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 1348-1358. Swamp land area in Indonesia reached 33.43 million ha, consisting of tidal marsh and lowland swamp. Based on the type of soil, consisting of mineral soil around 18.56 million ha and peat land around 14.87 million ha. Tidal swamps, based on movement and tidal overflow were divided into four types, i.e. A, B, C, and D. Type A and B are called tidal marsh directly, while type C and D are called tidal marsh indirectly. Lowland swamp inundation based on height and length can be divided into four types, namely shallow, mid, deep and very deep swamps. The results of exploration and study of biodiversity in wetlands are still limited. In the last ten years (1999-2012), Balittra has been identified and explored of agricultural biodiversity in wetlands, especially for the potential of fruit plants and its distribution. Results of exploration on fruit crops in wetlands (South Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, South Sumatra and Lampung) found 11 species of mango swamp relatives (Mangifera spp), 15 species of durian relatives (Durio spp), 7 species of jackfruit relatives (Arthocarpus spp), 12 species of rambutan relatives (Nephelium spp.), 4 species of mangosteen relatives (Garcinia spp.), 6 species of orange relatives (Citrus sinensis), 4 species of langsat relatives (Lansium domesticum), each of the two species of relatives ketapi (Sandoricum koetjape), ramania (Bouea macropylla) and kapul (Baccauae macrocarpa), and each one species of sapodilla relatives (Cynometra cauliflora), butter (Diospyros phillipensis), rambai (Baccaurea mutleana), kacapuri (Diospyros kortalsian), kalangkala (Lisea anqulata) and sugar apple (Annona squamosal). Due to the rate of population growth, land use change and climate anomalies, then the efforts of utilization and the development of agricultural biodiversity, especially fruit trees needs to be improved significantly. Key steps are important in the utilization and development of plant biodiversity of these fruits, are (i) preparation of conservation strategies of existing wetlands fruit trees, and (ii) preparation of action plans for the conservation and management of cultivation development in an integrated manner.