Potention of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) Afo variety as natural mosquito larvicidal of Anopheles subpictus and Aedes aegypti

Abstract

Taher DM, Nurhasanah, Papuangan N. 2015. Potention of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) Afo variety as natural mosquito larvicidal of Anopheles subpictus and Aedes aegypti. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 1478-1482. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L. Mer & Perry) of Afo variety is the world's oldest clove since reaching the age of hundreds of years and growing in Gamalama mountains, Ternate, North Maluku. Essential oil of Afo clove leaf 3.20% and eugenol 90.53% can be used as natural larvicides. The control of Anopheles sp. and Aedes aegypti mosquito vector is one of the important control of malaria and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to the effectiveness of Afo clove leaf as larvicidal to Anopheles subpictus and Ae. aegypti. The design of this research was experimental with Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The 330 individuals of third instar larvae of An. subpictus was treated with eleven different concentrations of Afo clove leaf extract which were 0% (as control), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% in three replications. Each application with 10 individuals and larval mortality was observed at an interval of 5 minutes for 30 minutes. The testing of Ae. aegypti third instar larvae used water extract of Afo clove leaf infusion. The number of larvae used was 400 individuals, with five treatments, i.e., 0% (as control), 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% in four replication. Larval mortality was observed every interval 3 hours for 15 hours. The effectiveness of Afo clove leaf water extract on An. subpictus larvae occurred at minute 10 after the treatment with a concentration of 80%, the mortality rate reaching 33.3%, and getting increased with the long duration of the application. The 20% of Afo clove leaf infusion concentration was effective on Ae. aegypti larvae mortality in the first 3 hours of the application, and achieves 85% larvae death on the application for 15 hours. Afo clove variety was potential as natural larvicides for the prevention of malaria and dengue vectors..