Phylogenetic relationships of olive-backed sunbird (Cinnyris jugularis Linnaeus, 1766) aves: Nectariniidae using MT-ND2 gene

Abstract

Abstract. Ishlah AW, Yohanna, Listyorini D, Dharmayanthi AB, Irham M, Haryoko T, Ashari H. 2023. Phylogenetic relationships of olive-backed sunbird (Cinnyris sriganti Linnaeus, 1766) aves: Nectariniidae using MT-ND2 gene. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 9: 76-79. Cinnyris jugularis is a member of order Passeriformes, family Nectariniidae. This species has 21 subspecies with a wide distribution ranging from China, the Philippines, Peninsular Malaysia, Indonesia and Australia. Indonesia is housing nine of them. This wide spread causes of cryptic species which giving rise to a complex taxonomy problem. Therefore, it is necessary to identify its taxonomy position using ND2 mtDNA. Samples in the form of tissue and blood of C. jugularis were collected from Java, Sulawesi and Nusa Tenggara, tissue samples of C. solaris from Sulawesi, and tissue samples of L. aspasia from Sulawesi. Samples were extracted using the QIAGEN DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit protocol, then amplified using forward primer L5219-Met 5'-CCCATACCCCGAAAATGATG-3' and reverse primer H6313-Trp 5'-CTCTTATTTAAGGCTTTGAAGGC-3. Reading, contig sequence formation, BLAST and multiple sequence alignment using Geneious prime version 2022.2.2. Genetic divergence analysis and Maximum-Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree reconstruction using MEGA11. The phylogenetic tree reconstruction resulted in four clades, the first clade consists of C. jugularis from Java-Nusa Tenggara; the second clade consists of C. jugularis from Sulawesi; the third clade consists of C. solaris; and the fourth clade consists of L. aspasia. There is a large genetic distance between the C. jugularis from Java-Nusa Tenggara and Sulawesi (0.0551). The results of this study indicate that C. jugularis in Java-Nusa Tenggara and Sulawesi can be revised and elevated to a different species status.