Morphological, morphometric, and molecular identification of Octopus cyanea in the Waters of Kaur District, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia
Article Sidebar
Abstract Views: 347
File Views: 63
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract. Pariansyah A, Adharini RI, Sari DWK, Hardianto E. 2025. Morphological, morphometric, and molecular identification of Octopus cyanea in the Waters of Kaur District, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2640-2652. Octopus is a high-value fishery resource abundant in the waters of Kaur District, Bengkulu Province. This study aimed to identify octopus species inhabiting Kaur waters through integrated morphological, morphometric, and molecular analyses. A total of 68 octopus specimens were collected (20 males and 48 females) with a sex ratio of 1:2.4. Field identification confirmed all specimens as Octopus cyanea, characterized by oval mantles, W-shaped funnels, and two rows of suckers per arm. Males possessed larger suckers and a hectocotylized third right arm. The body displayed brown and white coloration, false eye spots (ocelli), black stripes, white spots along he arms, and four small papillae. Molecular analysis using the Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I (COI) gene showed a 100% match with O. cyanea sequences in GenBank, confirming species identity. Morphometric analysis revealed that females had relatively larger body ratios, particularly MW/TL, ML/MW, FuL/PA, and WD/AL. Phylogenetic and genetic distance analyses demonstrated close relationship between O. cyanea from Kaur and populations from Jayapura, Buton, Wakatobi, Madagascar, India, and Japan, indicating a broad geographic distribution. These results confirm the presence of O. cyanea in Kaur waters and highlight its morphological and genetic similarity to other populations, providing a foundation for future conservation and sustainable fishery practices in the region.
Article Details
Issue
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Alim S, Marzuki M, Nuryadin R. 2023. Analysis of existing conditions of octopus (Octopus vulgaris) in Pandanan Beach, Malaka Village, North Lombok. Jurnal Biologi Tropis 23 (2): 535-42. DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v23i2.5278. [Indonesian]
Amir F, Mallawa A, Umar MT. 2021. Growth pattern and sex ratio of Octopus vulgaris in Bone Bay, Indonesia. Agrikan Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan 14 (2): 527-532. DOI: 10.52046/agrikan.v14i2.527-532. [Indonesian]
Andriyono S, Alam MJ, Sulmartiwi L, Mubarak AS, Pramono H, Suciyono S, Kartika GRA, Sari AHW, Sektiana SP. 2022. The diversity of Carangidae (Carangiformes) revealed by DNA barcoding collected from traditional fish markets in Java and Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23 (6): 2799-2806. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230603.
Bagaskoro B. 2018. Morphological and molecular identification of octopus (genus Octopus Cuvier, 1798) caught in Palabuhanratu, Sukabumi, West Java. [Thesis]. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. [Indonesian]
Bhandari K. 2020. The den ecology and the effects of fishing pressure on the distribution of Octopus cyanea (Octopodidae: Mollusca) in Rodrigues Lagoon, Rodrigues, Mauritius. J Nat Hist 54 (45-46): 2961-2977. DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1887386.
Böhme K, Calo-Mata P, Barros-Velázquez J, Ortea I. 2019. Review of recent DNA-based methods for main food-authentication topics. J Agric Food Chem 67 (14): 3854-3864. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07016.
Clark C. 2019. A review of the global commercial cephalopod fishery, with a focus on apparent expansion, changing environments, and management. Capstone, Nova Southeastern University. https:// nsuworks.nova.edu/cnso_stucap/343.
Di Cosmo A, Pinelli C, Scandurra A, Aria M, D’Aniello B. 2021. Research trends in octopus biological studies. Animals 11 (6): 1808. DOI: 10.3390/ani11061808.
Dinas Perikanan Kabupaten Kaur (Fisheries Office of Kaur District). 2022. Profile of marine and fisheries resources in Kaur District. [https://dinasperikanan.kaurkab.go.id/halaman/detail/profil-kekayaan-kelautan-perikanan-daerah]. [Indonesian]
Estefanell J, Socorro J, Roo FJ, Guirao R, Fernández-Palacios H, Izquierdo M. 2010. Gonad maturation in Octopus vulgaris during ongrowing, under different conditions of sex ratio. ICES J Mar Sci 67 (7): 1487-1493. DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsq111.
FAO [Food and Agriculture Organization]. 2022. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2022. FAO. [http://www.fao.org/documents/ card/en/c/cc0461en].
Faskanu I. 2019. Morphometric analysis of octopus (Octopus sp.) in the waters of Teupah Selatan, Simeulue Regency, as a reference for invertebrate zoology practicum. [Dissertation]. UIN Ar-Raniry, Banda Aceh. [Indonesian]
Folmer O, Black M, Hoeh W, Lutz R, Vrijenhoek R. 1994. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol 3 (5): 294-299.
Gebhardt K, Knebelsberger T. 2015. Identification of cephalopod species from the North and Baltic Seas using morphology, COI, and 18S rDNA sequences. Helgol Mar Res 69: 259-271. DOI: 10.1007/s10152-015-0434-7.
Guard M, Mgaya YD. 2002. The artisanal fishery for Octopus cyanea Gray in Tanzania. AMBIO: J Human Environ 31 (7): 528-536. DOI: 10.1579/0044-7447-31.7.528.
Hafiza N, Romdhon MM, Irawan A, Asriani PS. 2024. Business development strategy using SWOT analysis method in octopus cracker production. AGRIC J Agric Sci 36 (1): 141-152. DOI: 10.24246/agric.2024.v36.i1.p141-152.
Hakim AA, Bagaskoro B, Mashar A, Farajallah A, Wardiatno Y. 2020. Morphology and molecular identification of octopus (genus Octopus Cuvier, 1798) caught in Palabuhanratu, Sukabumi, West Java. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 420: 012011. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/420/1/012011.
Hamad AI, Muhando CA, Yahya BM. 2025. The influence of fishing methods on catch size, catch rate, and size distribution of Octopus cyanea (Gray, 1849) in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Fish Res 281: 107213. DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2024.107213.
Hanke FD, Kelber A. 2020. The eye of the common octopus (Octopus vulgaris). Front Physiol 10: 1637. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01637.
Hanlon RT. 2024. Octopus cyanea, day octopus. In: Rosa R, Gleadall IG, Pierce GJ, Villanueva R (eds). Octopus Biology and Ecology. Academic Press, London, United Kingdom. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-820639-3.00008-x.
Hestiawan H, Amri K, Suzantry HY, Hardiansyah. 2022. Fish feed pellet production process based on community empowerment in Kaur District, Bengkulu Province. Sebatik 26 (2): 781-787. DOI: 10.46984/sebatik.v26i2.2060.
Hochner B. 2008. Octopuses. Curr Biol 18 (19): R897-R898.
Hutagaol ID, Redjeki S, Susilo ES. 2019. Morphometric analysis of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) from Popisi Waters, Banggai Laut Island, Central Sulawesi. J Mar Res 8 (2): 149-156. DOI: 10.14710/jmr.v8i2.25095. [Indonesian]
Ivey GL. 2007. Acoustic telemetry of the short-term movements of Octopus cyanea (Gray, 1849) in Kaneohe Bay, Hawai?i. [Thesis]. University of Hawai?i at Manoa, Honolulu.
Jereb P, Roper CFE, Norman MD, Finn JK. 2016. Cephalopods of the world: An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cephalopod species known to date. Volume 3: Octopods and Vampire Squids. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Rome.
Junedi EA, Omar SBA, Suwarni S, Umar MT. 2020. Morphometric analysis of reef octopus Octopus cyanea Gray, 1849 from Makassar Strait and Bone Bay. In: Prosiding Simposium Nasional VII Kelautan dan Perikanan 2020, Fakultas Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, 5 June 2020. [Indonesian]
Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Republic of Indonesia. 2023. Total production of Indonesia's marine fisheries commodities. https://statistik.kkp.go.id/ [6 January 2024]. [Indonesian]
Kholilah N, Afiati N, Subagiyo S. 2021. Characterization of some commercially important octopuses (Mollusca Cephalopoda) from Indonesian waters using mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (Mt-DNA COI). Ilmu Kelautan: Indones J Mar Sci 26 (1): 17-26. DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.26.1.17-26.
Kuba MJ, Byrne RA, Meisel DV, Mather JA. 2006. Exploration and habituation in intact free-moving Octopus vulgaris. Intl J Comp Psychol 19 (4): 426-438. DOI: 10.46867/ijcp.2006.19.04.02.
Lamalelang MS, Soewarlan LC, Toruan LNL. 2024. Morphometric analysis of day octopus (Octopus cyanea) from the northern and southern waters of Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. J Techno-Fish 8 (1): 53-69. DOI: 10.25139/tf.vi.7781.
Mulyani LF, Arfiati D, Widodo MS, Yamindago A. 2024. Molecular identification of the octopus (Octopus cyanea, Gray 1849) using Mt-DNA COI from Alas Strait waters, Indonesia. Egypt J Aquat Biol Fish 28 (6): 2024. DOI: 10.21608/ejabf.2024.392406.
Munru M, Wilopo MD, Johan Y, Purnama D, Renta PP. 2023. Struktur komunitas fitoplankton di perairan Kabupaten Kaur. Jurnal Kelautan 16 (2): 147-162. DOI: 10.21107/jk.vl6i2.102212. [Indonesian]
Noegroho T, Kembaren DD, Nurdin E, Panggabean AS, Taufik M, Fauzi M, Wibowo S. 2023. Characteristics of octopus fishery in Ampana Tojo Una-Una Sea waters. IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci 1224: 012010. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1224/1/012010.
O’Brien CE, Roumbedakis K, Winkelmann IE. 2018. The current state of cephalopod science and perspectives on the most critical challenges ahead from three early-career researchers. Front Physiol 9: 700. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00700.
Pauly D, Zeller D. 2016. Catch reconstructions reveal that global marine fisheries catches are higher than reported and declining. Nat Commun 7: 10244. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10244.
Petri? M, Dragi?evi? B, Stani? R, Trumbi? Ž. 2023. Morphological characteristics and DNA barcoding of the rare blanket octopus Tremoctopus violaceus (Cephalopoda: Tremoctopodidae) in the Adriatic Sea. Diversity 15 (6): 794. DOI: 10.3390/d15060794.
Raberinary D, Benbow S. 2012. The reproductive cycle of Octopus cyanea in southwest Madagascar and implications for fisheries management. Fish Res 125: 190-197. DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.02.025.
Ramadhaniaty M, Damora A, Moula I. 2025. Genetic diversity of Octopus cyanea in the Northern Waters of Aceh. Bio Web Conf 156: 03005. DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/202515603005.
Ratnasingham S, Hebert PDN. 2007. BOLD: The Barcode of Life Data system (http://www.barcodinglife.org). Mol Ecol Notes 7 (3): 355-364. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01678.x.
Ritschard EA, Guerrero-Kommritz J, Sanchez JA. 2019. First molecular approach to the octopus fauna from the southern Caribbean. PeerJ 7: e7300. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7300.
Roura Á, Amor M, González ÁF, Guerra Á, Barton ED, Strugnell JM. 2019. Oceanographic processes shape genetic signatures of planktonic cephalopod paralarvae in two upwelling regions. Prog Oceanogr 170: 11-27. DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2018.10.005.
Sauer WHH, Gleadall IG, Downey-Breedt N et al. 2019. World octopus fisheries. Rev Fish Sci Aquac 29 (3): 279-429. DOI: 10.1080/23308249.2019.1680603.
Schindel DE, Miller SE. 2005. DNA barcoding: A useful tool for taxonomists. Nature 435 (7038): 17. DOI: 10.1038/435017b.
Tamura K, Stecher G, Kumar S. 2021. MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 11. Mol Biol Evol 38 (7): 3022-3027. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab120.
Tarigan DJ, Simbolon D, Wiryawan B. 2020. Social and economic aspects of Octopus cyanea fishers based on EAFM indicators in Banggai Laut Regency. Jurnal Kemaritiman: Indonesian J Mar 1 (1): 1-10. DOI: 10.17509/ijom.v1i1.24620. [Indonesian]
Toha AHA, Jeni Widodo N, Hakim L, Sumirto SB. 2015. Octopus cyanea in Raja Ampat. Biodivers Raja Ampat 4 (8): 4-8.
Treleven CR, Kishe MA, Silas MO, Ngatunga BP, Kuboja BN, Mgeleka SS, Taylor AL, Elsmore MAM, Healey AJE, Sauer WHH, Shaw PW, McKeown NJ. 2024. Genetic analysis of Octopus cyanea reveals high gene flow in the South?West Indian Ocean. Ecol Evol 14 (4): e11205. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11205.
Yalla SK, Mohanraju R. 2019. DNA barcoding of commercially important cephalopods from Andaman Islands, India. Reg Stud Mar Sci 25: 100479. DOI: 10.1016/j.rsma.2018.100479.
Yarnall JL. 1969. Aspects of the behaviour of Octopus cyanea Gray. Anim Behav 17 (4): 747-754. DOI: 10.1016/S0003-3472(69)80022-9.
Yu Y-C, Hong Y, Kim JJ, Kim HS, Kang TS. 2019. Monitoring of commercial cephalopod products sold on the South Korea market using DNA barcode information. J Food Hyg Saf 34 (5): 502-507. DOI: 10.13103/jfhs.2019.34.5.502.