Genotype × environment interactions and yield stability of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes in different altitudes
Article Sidebar
Abstract Views: 20
File Views: 8
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract. Hanifah FL, Saptadi D, Kendarini N, Kuswanto. 2026. Genotype × environment interactions and yield stability of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes in different altitudes. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270515. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270515. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is an important vegetable crop widely cultivated for its high nutritional and economic value, but its productivity is often affected by environmental variability. This research aimed to evaluate genotype × environment interactions, adaptability, and stability of four bush-type common bean genotypes and two check varieties in two agroecological zones, specifically high-altitude area and medium-altitude area. This research was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications per location. Nine parameters were observed, including plant height, number of leaves, days to flowering, days to harvest, number of pods per plant, pod length, pod diameter, pod weight per plant, and yield. A combined analysis of variance revealed significant effects of genotype, environment, and G × E interactions on most traits. Stability analysis was performed using parametric and nonparametric methods. GGE biplot analysis was applied to visualize genotype performance and stability simultaneously. The results indicate that genotypes AB (14.07 t ha-1) and AK (14.19 t ha-1) have the highest yields and broad adaptability, owing to their low contributions to G × E interactions, making them relatively stable at both medium and high altitudes. Genotype BK (12.82 t ha-1) has high yields only in the high altitudes, indicating specific adaptability to high altitude conditions. These findings highlight AB and AK as promising candidates for broad adaptability in high and medium altitude areas, and BK for targeted application in highland production areas.
Article Details
Issue
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Abera D, Gutu T, Alemu B. 2022. Estimation of genotype × environmental interaction and grain yield stability in small red common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes at West and Kellem Wallaga Zones of Western Oromia, Ethiopia. Intl J Res Agron 5 (2): 183-189. https://doi.org/10.33545/2618060x.2022.v5.i2c.164.
Adireddy RG, Anapalli SS, Reddy KN, Mubvumba P, George J. 2024. Possible impacts of elevated CO2 and temperature on growth and development of grain legumes. Environments 11 (12): 273. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments11120273.
Amongi W, Aparicio J, Nduwarugira E, Ndabashinze B, Ruhebuza K, Otsyula R, Misango S, Kamau E, Karanja D, Makoani WM, Uwera A, Nestory S, Nkalubo S, Kesiime E, Moges A, Tumsa K, Mamo T, Beebe S, Mukankusi C. 2025. Yield and climatic parameters in a common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) regional trial. Crop Sci 65 (2): e70037. https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70037.
Ashango Z, Alamerew S. 2017. Seed yield stability and genotype × environment interaction of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties in Dawro Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia. Green J Plant Breed Crop Sci 5 (1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.15580/gjpbcs.2017.1.083016140.
Baraki F, Gebregergis Z, Belay Y, Teame G, Gebremedhin Z, Berhe M, Fisseha D, Araya G, Gebregergs G. 2024. Identification of adaptable sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes using yield performance and multiple-traits index. Heliyon 10 (9): e29405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29405.
Bouchetat F, Ghanai R, Himour S, Bouaroudj S, Benfkih LA. 2023. Effect of genotype by environment interactions on quality parameters and grain yield of durum wheat. Biodiversitas 24 (10): 5565-5571. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d241038.
da Cruz DP, de Amaral Gravina G, Vivas M, Entringer GC, Rocha RS, da Costa Jaeggi MEP, Gravina LM, Pereira IM, de Amaral Junior AT, de Moraes R, de Oliveira TRA, Daher RF. 2020. Analysis of the phenotypic adaptability and stability of strains of cowpea through the GGE biplot approach. Euphytica 216: 160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-020-02693-9.
de la Vega MP, Santalla M, Marsolais F. 2017. The Common Bean Genome. Springer International Publishing, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63526-2.
de Souza AG, Daher RF, Santana JGS, Ambrosio M, Nascimento MR, Vidal AKF, de Souza Filho BF, Melo L, de Amaral Gravina G, Santos RM, Leite CL, Farias JEC, Stida WF, Rocha RS. 2023. Adaptability and stability of black bean genotypes for Rio de Janeiro, by GGE biplot analysis. Crop Breed Appl Biotechnol 23 (2): e43972323. https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332023v23n2a15.
Demessie F, Gebresilassie W, Garedew W, Shifaraw G. 2024. Evaluation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars for yield and yield-related traits at Sekoru District, South Western Ethiopia. Am J Appl Sci Res 10 (1): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20241001.11.
Dhakal M, Shrestha SL, Gautam IP, Pandey S. 2020. Evaluation of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties for summer season production in the Mid-Hills of Central Region of Nepal. Nepal Hortic 14 (1): 48-55. https://doi.org/10.3126/nh.v14i1.30610.
Djuariah D, Rosliani R, Kurniawan H, Lukman L. 2016. Selection and adaptation of four candidate superior bush-type common bean varieties for mid-altitude areas. J Hortikultura 26 (1): 49-58. https://doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v26n1.2016.p49-58. [Indonesian]
Elias AA, Robbins KR, Doerge RW, Tuinstra MR. 2016. Half a century of studying genotype × environment interactions in plant breeding experiments. Crop Sci 56 (5): 2090-2105. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2015.01.0061.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 2021. FAOSTAT Statistical Database. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
Fox PN, Skovmand B, Thompson BK, Braun H-J, Cormier R. 1990. Yield and adaptation of hexaploid spring triticale. Euphytica 47: 57-64. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00040364.
Francis TR, Kannenberg LW. 1978. Yield stability studies in short-season maize: A descriptive method for grouping genotypes. Can J Plant Sci 58 (4): 1029-1034. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps78-157.
Gelete SH, Negash K, Tsegaye D, Teshome S. 2022. Yield performance and adaptation of advanced large-seeded common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes in Ethiopia. Ecol Genet Genom 25: 100149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egg.2022.100149.
González AM, Yuste-Lisbona FJ, Weller J, Vander Schoor JK, Lozano R, Santalla M. 2021. Characterization of QTL and environmental interactions controlling flowering time in Andean common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Front Plant Sci 11: 599462. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.599462.
Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics. 2025. Statistics of Indonesia 2025. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta. [Indonesian]
Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture. 2019. Decree No. 12/Kpts/SR.130/D/8/2019 on Technical Guidelines for Variety Description Preparation and Verification Testing of Horticultural Crops. Ministry of Agriculture, Jakarta. [Indonesian]
Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture. 2021. Standard Operational Procedures of Common Bean. Direktorat Sayuran dan Tanaman Obat, Jakarta. [Indonesian]
International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). 2015. French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability. International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, Geneva.
Kantikowati E, Minangsih DM, Karya, Hamami H. 2024. Growth and yield characteristics of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) variety Balitsa 1 under the application of kasgot organic fertilizer and biofertilizer. J Agro Tatanen 6 (2): 51-61. https://doi.org/10.55222/agrotatanen.v6i2.1424. [Indonesian]
Khotimah K, Sudiana E, Pratiknya H. 2022. Impact of climate change on the phenology of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Bioma Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 24 (1): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.14710/bioma.24.1.1-7. [Indonesian]
Kusumiyati K, Sutari W, Raniska N. 2015. Growth, yield, and yield quality responses of bush-type common bean to different compost rates and harvest intervals on Inceptisols in Jatinangor. J Kultivasi 15 (2): 92-98. https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v15i2.11888. [Indonesian]
Ligarreto-Moreno G, Pimentel-Ladino C. 2022. Grain yield and genotype × environment interaction in bean cultivars with different growth habits. Plant Prod Sci 25 (2): 232-241. https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943x.2021.1981141.
Lin CS, Binns MR. 1988. A superiority measure of cultivar performance for cultivar × location data. Can J Plant Sci 68 (1): 193-198. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps88-018.
Mare M, Chapepa B, Mubvekeri W. 2020. Multi-locational evaluation of medium-staple cotton genotypes for seed-cotton yield under the Middleveld Agro-Ecological Zones of Zimbabwe. Res Sq 2020: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-43613/v2.
Maro CN, Massawe DP, Tryphone GM, Myers JR, Davis JW, Kusolwa PM. 2022. Identification of potential seed storage protein responsible for bruchid resistance in common bean landraces from Tanzania and Malawi. Afr J Biotechnol 21 (1): 35-45. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2021.17354.
Molosiwa OO, Pharudi J, Seketeme S, Mashiqa P, Chirwa R. 2019. Assessing yield stability and adaptability of Andean common bean genotypes in the semi-arid environment of Botswana. Afr J Agric Res 14 (32): 1593-1600. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajar2019.13988.
Mondo JM, Kimani PM, Narla RD. 2019. Genotype × environment interactions on seed yield of inter-racial common bean lines in Kenya. World J Agric Res 7 (3): 76-87. https://doi.org/10.12691/wjar-7-3-1.
Nassar R, Hühn M. 1987. Studies on estimation of phenotypic stability: Tests of significance for nonparametric measures of phenotypic stability. Biometrics 43 (1): 45-53. https://doi.org/10.2307/2531947.
Nath D, Dasgupta T. 2013. Genotype × environment interaction and stability analysis in mungbean. IOSR J Agric Vet Sci 5 (1): 62-70. https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-0516270.
Nchanji EB, Ageyo OC. 2021. Do common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) promote good health in humans? A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical and randomized controlled trials. Nutrients 13 (11): 3701. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113701.
Nugrahani R, Andayani Y, Hakim A. 2016. Phytochemical screening of powdered extract of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) pods. J Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 2 (1): 96-103. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v2i1.38. [Indonesian]
Papathanasiou F, Ninou E, Mylonas I, Baxevanos D, Papadopoulou F, Avdikos I, Sistanis I, Koskosidis A, Vlachostergios DN, Stefanou S, Tigka E, Kargiotidou A. 2022. The evaluation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes under water stress based on physiological and agronomic parameters. Plants 11 (18): 2432. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11182432.
Parkina OV, Nguyen NT, Yakubenko OE, Wang ZF. 2024. Study gene-environment interactions and ecological stability for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Agric Rev 46 (5): 828-832. https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.rf-324.
Patra NK, Benjongtoshi. 2023. Sustainable performance of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivation, a livelihood component in Eastern Himalayan Region. Intl J Agric Sustain 21 (1): 2247784. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2023.2247784.
Philipo M, Ndakidemi PA, Mbega ER. 2021. Environmentally stable common bean genotypes for production in different agro-ecological zones of Tanzania. Heliyon 7 (1): e05973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05973.
Pour-Aboughadareh A, Khalili M, Poczai P, Olivoto T. 2022. Stability indices to deciphering the Genotype-by-Environment Interaction (GEI) effect: An applicable review for use in plant breeding programs. Plants 11 (3): 414. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030414.
Prado-García AA, Acosta-Gallegos JA, Montero-Tavera V, Yáñez-López R, Ramírez-Pimentel JG, Aguirre-Mancilla CL. 2025. Identification of common bean genotypes tolerant to the combined stress of terminal drought and high temperature. Agronomy 15 (7): 1624. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15071624.
Rezene Y. 2019. GGE-Biplot analysis of multi-environment yield trials of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the Southern Ethiopia. J Plant Stud 8 (1): 35-44. https://doi.org/10.5539/jps.v8n1p35.
Rinaldi FB, Sudiana E, Hardiyati T. 2023. Global warming and the phenology of yard-long beans (Vigna unguiculata subsp. cylindrica (L.) Verdc.). Interdiscip Intl J Conserv Cult 1 (2): 73-79. https://doi.org/10.25157/iijcc.v1i2.3514.
Rose T, Lowe C, Miret JA, Walpole H, Halsey H, Venter E, Urban MO, Buendia HF, Kurup S, O'Sullivan DM, Beebe S, Heuer S. 2023. High temperature tolerance in a novel, high-quality Phaseolus vulgaris breeding line is due to maintenance of pollen viability and successful germination on the stigma. Plants 12 (13): 2491. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12132491.
Seo J, Park J, Choi M, Jung K, Chun H, Lee S, Gong D, Chae SE, Jeon SH, Yoon D-K. 2024. Growth and yield response of soybean (Glycine max L.) in relation to sowing date in the Southern Region of South Korea. Agronomy 14 (11): 2624. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14112624.
Shahbazi E. 2019. Genotype selection and stability analysis for seed yield of Nigella sativa using parametric and non-parametric statistics. Sci Hortic 253: 172-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.04.047.
Shukla GK. 1972. Some statistical aspects of partitioning genotype-environmental components of variability. Heredity 29: 237-245. https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1972.87.
Suárez JC, Polanía JA, Contreras AT, Rodríguez L, Machado L, Ordoñez C, Beebe S, Rao IM. 2020. Adaptation of common bean lines to high temperature conditions: Genotypic differences in phenological and agronomic performance. Euphytica 216: 28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-020-2565-4.
Subaşı İ, Başalma D. 2021. Assessment of genotype × environment interaction of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes by parametric and non-parametric methods. Eur J Agric Food Sci 3 (1): 112-118. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2021.3.1.233.
Supriatna J, Amelia P. 2023. Post-harvest handling of Kenya bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at the Katenzo farmer group, Pangalengan, Bandung Regency. Comm Empower 8 (5): 747-755. https://doi.org/10.31603/ce.8365. [Indonesian]
Syamruddin S. 2020. Feasibility analysis of Kenya baby bean farming by the baby French farmer group based on IFAS, EFAS, and IE aspects. J Madani Ilmu Pengetahuan Teknologi Humaniora 3 (1): 118-131. https://doi.org/10.33753/madani.v3i1.100. [Indonesian]
Syukur M, Sujiprihati S, Yunianti R. 2015. Plant Breeding Techniques. Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta. [Indonesian]
Thennarasu K. 1995. On certain nonparametric procedures for studying genotype-environment interactions and yield stability. [Thesis]. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi.
Wricke G. 1962. Evaluation method for recording ecological differences in field trials. Pflanzenzücht 47: 92-96.
Yan W, Hunt LA, Sheng Q, Szlavnics Z. 2000. Cultivar evaluation and mega-environment investigation based on the GGE biplot. Crop Sci 40 (3): 597-605. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2000.403597x.
Yan W, Kang MS. 2003. GGE Biplot Analysis a Graphical Tool for Breeders, Geneticists, and Agronomists. CRC Press, New York. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420040371.