Hematological and antioxidants responses of dairy cow fed with a combination of feed and duckweed (Lemna minor) as a mixture for improving milk biosynthesis
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UJANG HIDAYAT TANUWIRIA
♥
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8139-1693
ANDI MUSHAWWIR
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5919-6958
Abstract
Abstract. Tanuwiria UH, Mushawwir A. 2020. Hematological and antioxidants responses of dairy cows fed with a combination of feed and duckweed (Lemna minor) as a mixture for improving performance. Biodiversitas 21: 4741-4746. A total of twenty-five, 5-7th-lactation-old or 7-8thyears-old dairy cows were used in the current study to study the effect of feed duckweed (Lemna minor) on the hematological status and parameters related antioxidant in the dairy cow. Each group of treatment involved 5 replicates with a dairy cow each (5 dairy cows per group). All of the group was provided ration following F0 = Uncultivated grass (UG) 60% and supplemented concentrated (C) 40%; F1 = UG 50%+fresh duckweed 10%+C 40%; F2 = UG 60%+fresh duckweed 3%+C 37%; F3 = UG 50%+fresh duckweed 10%+dried duckweed 3%+C 37%; F4 = UG 45%+fresh duckweed 15%+dried duckweed 2%+C 38%. Blood samples were collected from each dairy cow monthly beginning at the first month of this experiment, from the tail vein (vena coccygeal), using a sterilized syringe and vacuum tube containing K3EDTA. Hematological parameters were analyzed by a hematology analyzer. The blood samples collected were also centrifuged to separate the plasma. The plasma was used to determine of concentration of parameters related to antioxidant by an automatic biochemical analyzer, using a commercial kit. All procedure of the analysis was following based on the Biolabo kit (Franch) and Randox kit (UK). Based on in this current study showed that increased hematological condition and antioxidants profile in dairy cow supplemented duckweed . Supplemented duckweed can be improved physiological condition (hematologic and antioxidants) in the dairy cow.
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References
Adriani L, Abun, Mushawwir A. 2015. Effect of dietary supplementation of Jengkol (Pithecellobium jiringa) skin extract on blood biochemistry and gut flora of broiler chicken. International Journal of Poultry Science 14: 407-410.
Adriani L, Mushawwir A. 2020. Correlation Between Blood Parameters, Physiological and Liver Gene Expression Levels in Native Laying Hens Under Heat Stress. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 466: 1-7.
Allen JD, Hall LW, Collier RJ, Smith JF. 2015. Effect of core body temperature, time of day, and climate conditions on behavioral patterns of lactating dairy cows experiencing mild to moderate heat stress. Journal of Dairy Science 98:118-127.
Anderson SD, Bradford BJ, Harner JP. 2013. Effects of adjustable and stationary fans with misters on core body temperature and lying behavior of lactating dairy cows in a semiarid climate. Journal of Dairy Science 96: 4738-4750.
Arya A, Al-Obaidi MM, Shahid N, Bin Noordin MI, Looi CY, Wong WF, Khaing SL, Mustafa MR. 2014. Synergistic effect of quercetin and quinic acid by alleviating structural degeneration in the liver, kidney and pancreas tissues of STZ-induced diabetic rats: a mechanistic study. Food Chem Toxicol 71: 183-96.
Azis, A, Abbas H, Heryandi Y, Kusnadi E. 2012. Thyroid hormone and blood metabolites concentrations of broiler chickens subjected to feeding time restriction. Media Peternakan. 35: 32-37.
Cheng JB, Wang WY, Zheng N. 2014. Natural period change of heat stress revals unique “heat-stressed milk protein decrease syndrome” in mid-lactation dairy cows. China Animal Husbandry and Veteriner Medice. 41:73-84.
Collier RJ, Hall LW, Rungruang S, Zimbleman RB. 2012. Quantifying heat stress and its impact on metabolism and performance. Annual Ruminant nutrition Symposium. 12: 74-83.
Damaziak K, Riedel J, Gozdowski D, Niemiec J, Siennicka A, Róg D. 2017. Productive performance and egg quality of laying hens fed diets supplemented with garlic and onion extracts The Journal of Applied Poultry Research 26: 337–349
De Castro NM, Yaqoob P, de la Fuente M, Baeza I, Claus SP. 2013. Premature impairment of methylation pathway and cardiac metabolic dysfunction in fa/fa obese Zucker rats. Journal of Proteome Resesarch 12: 1935-1945.
Fabris TF, Laporta j, Corra FN. 2017. Effect of nutritional immunomodulation and heat stress during the dry period on subsequent performance of cows. Journal of Dairy Science 100: 6733-6742.
Geburt K, Friedrich M, Piechotta M, Gauly M, Koning von BU. 2015. Validity of physiological biomarkers for matenal behavior in cows- A comparison of beef and dairy cattle. Physiology Behaviour 139: 361-368.
Gray LR, Sultana MR, Rauckhorst AJ. 2015. Hepatic mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 is required for efficient regulation of gluconeogenesis and whole-body glucose homeostatis. Cell Metabolisme 22: 669-681.
He ML, Yang WZ, You JS, Chaves AV, Mir PS, Benchaar C, McAllister TA. 2009 Effects of garlic oil on fatty acid accumulation and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in differentiating adipocytes. Journal of Animal Science 22: 1686-1692
Hecker JG, McGarvey M. 2011. Heat shock proteins as biomarkers for the rapid detection of brain and spinal cord ischemia: a review and comparison to other methods of detection in thoracic aneurysm repair. Cell Stress Chaperones 16: 119-131.
Holt PS, Vaughn LE, Gast RK. 2010 Flow cytometric characterization of peyer’s patch and cecal tonsil T lymphocytes in laying hens following challenge with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 133: 276–281
Ippolito DL, Lewis JA, Yu C, Leon LR, Stallings JD. 2014. Alteration in circulating metabolites during and after heat stress in the conscious rat: potential biomarkers of exposure and organspecific injury. BMC Physiology 14: 14-21.
Kamil KA, Latipudin D, Mushawwir A, Rahmat S, Balia RL. 2020. The Effects of ginger volatile oil (GVO) on the metabolic profile of glycolytic pathway, free radical and antioxidant activities of heat-stressed cihateup duck. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology. 10:1228-1233.
Korivi M, Hou CW, Huang CY, Lee SD, Hsu MF, Yu SH, Chen CY, Liu YY, Kuo CH. 2012. Ginsenoside-rg1 protects the liver against exhaustive exerciseinduced oxidative stress in rats. Evid Based Complement Alternative Medicine 20: 932-941.
Kusmayadi A, Adriani L, Abun, Muhctaridi, Tanuwiria UH. 2018. The effect of solvents and extraction time on total xanthone and antioxidant yields of mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana L.) extract. Drug Invention Today 10: 2572-2576.
Lai YS, Chen WC, Ho CT, Lu KH, Lin SH, Tseng HS, Lin SY, Sheen LY. 2016. Garlic essential oil protects against obesity-triggered nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through modulation of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. Journal Agriculture Food Chemistry 62: 5897-906.
Leroy JL, Vanholder T, Van Knegsel AT, Garcia-Ispierto I, Bols PE. 2008. Nutrient prioritization in dairy cows early postpartum: mismatch between metabolism and fertility. Reproductive Domestic Animal 43: 96-103.
McManaman JL, Bales ES, Orlicky DJ, Jackman M, MacLean PS, Cain S, Crunk AE, Mansur A, Graham CE, Bowman TA, Greenberg AS. 2017. Perilipin-2-null mice are protected against diet-induced obesity, adipose inflammation, and fatty liver disease. Journal of Lipid Research 54: 1346-1359.
Monteiro AP, Guo JR, Weng XS. 2016. Effect of maternal heat stress during the dry period on growth and metabolism of calves. Journal of Dairy Science 99: 3896-3907.
Moreno KX, Moore CL, Burgess SC. 2015. Production of hyperpolarized 13CO2 from [1-13C] pyruvate in perfused liver does reflect total anaplerosis but is not a reliable biomarker of glucose production. Metabolomics 11: 1144-1156.
Mushawwir A, Tanuwiria UH, Kamil KA, Adriani L, Wiradimadja R, Suwarno N. 2018. Evaluation of Haematological Responses and Blood Biochemical Parameters of Heat-stressed Broilers with Dietary Supplementation of Javanese Ginger Powder (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) and Garlic Extract (Allium sativum). International Journal of Poultry Science17: 452-458.
Mushawwir A, Yong YK, Adriani L, Hernawan E, Kamil KA. 2010. The Fluctuation Effect of Atmospheric Ammonia (NH3) Exposure and Microclimate on Hereford Bulls Hematochemical. Journal of The Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 35: 232-238.
Mushawwir A, Adriani L, Kamil KA. 2011. Prediction Models for Olfactory Metabolic and Sows% Rnareticulocyt (Rnart) by Measurement of Atmospheric Ammonia Exposure and Microclimate Level. Journal of The Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 36: 14-20.
Nguyen TT, Bowman PJ, Haile-Mariam M, Pryce JE, Hayes BJ. Genomic selection for tolerance to heat stress in Australian dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2016;99:2849-62.
O’Brien MD, Rhoads RP, Sanders SR, Duff GC, Baumgard LH. 2010. Metabolic adaptations to heat stress in growing cattle. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 38: 86–94.
Odore R, Badino P, Re G, Barbero R, Cuniberti B, D’Angelo A, Girardi C, Fraccaro E, Tarantola M. 2011. Effects of housing and short-term transportation on hormone and lymphocytereceptor concentrations in beef cattle. Research Veterinary Science 90: 341–345.
Pearce SC, Gabler NK, Ross JW, Escobar J, Patience JF, Rhoads RP, Baumgard LH. 2013. The effect of heat stress and plane of nutrition on metabolism in growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 91: 2108-2118.
Pickler L, Breno C B, Beirão, Ricardo M, Hayashi, Jean FD, Mariana CL, Luiz FC, Santin E. 2013. Effect of sanguinarine in drinking water on Salmonella control and the expression of immune cells in peripheral blood and intestinal mucosa of broilers. Journal Applied of Poultry Research 22: 430–438
Pouyssegur J, Mechta-Grigoriou F. 2016. Redox regulation of the hypoxia-inducible factor. Biology Chemistry 387: 1337–1346.
Rhoads RP, Baumgard LH, Suagee JK. 2013. Metabolic priorities during heat stress with an emphasis on skeletal muscle. Journal of Animal Science 91: 2492–2503.
Roland L, Drillich M, Klein-Jobstl D, Iwernes M. 2016. Invited review: Influence of climatic conditions on the development, performance, and health of claves. Journal of Dairy Science 99: 2438-2452
Roland L, Drillich M, Klein-Jobstl D, Iwernes M. 2016. Invited review: Influence of climatic conditions on the development, performance, and health of claves. Journal of Dairy Science 99: 2438-52.
Sasmaz M, Emine IAT, Erdal O, Ahmet S. 2015. The potential of Lemna gibba L. and Lemna minor L. to remove Cu, Pb, Zn, and As in gallery water in a mining area in Keban, Turkey. Journal of Environmental Management 163: 246-253.
Saygideger S, Gulnaz O, Erman SI, Nebil Y. 2015. Adsorption of Cd (II), Cu (II) and Ni (II) ions by Lemna minor L.: Effect of physicochemical environment. Journal of Hazardous Materials B126: 96–104.
Shehab-El-Deen MAMM, Fadel MS, Van Soom A. 2014. Circadian rhythm of metabolic changes associated with summer heat stress in high-producing dairy cattle. Tropical Animal Health and Production 42: 1119-1125.
Siskos AP, Jain P, Romisch-Margl W. 2017. Interlaboratory reproducibility of a targeted metabolomics platform for analysis of human serum and plasma. Analysis Chemistry 89: 656-665.
Slimen B, Najar T, Ghram A, Abdrranna M. 2016. Heat stress effects on livestock: molecular, cellular and metabolic aspects, a review. Journal of Animal Physiololgy and Animal Nutrition 100: 401-412.
Soisuwan K, Chauychuwong C. 2013. Effects of phytogenic feed additive with reduced dietary metabolizable energy and digestible essential amino acids on carcass yields and meat quality of pekin ducks. Journal Applied Science and Research 9: 6099–6102.
Tanuwiria UH, Santosa U, Yulianti AA, Suryadi U. 2011. The Effect of organic-Cr dietary supplementation on stress response in transport-stressed beef cattle. Journal of The Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture. 36: 97-103.
Tian H, Wang W, Zheng N. 2015. Identification of diagnostic biomarkers and metabolic pathway shifts of heat-stressed lactating dairy cows. Journal Proteomics 125:17-28.
Vizzotto EF, Fischer V, Thaler NA. 2015. Access to shade changes behavioral and physiological attributes of dairy cows during the hot season in the subtropics. Animal 9: 1559-1566
Xu B, Chen M, Ji X. 2015. Metabolomic profiles reveal key metabolic changes in heat stress-treated mouse Sertoli cells. Toxicol In Vitro 29: 1745-52.
Zahner M, Schrader L, Hauser R. 2014. The influence of climatic conditions on physiological and behavioural parameters in dairy cows kept in open stables. Animal Science 78: 139-48.
Adriani L, Mushawwir A. 2020. Correlation Between Blood Parameters, Physiological and Liver Gene Expression Levels in Native Laying Hens Under Heat Stress. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 466: 1-7.
Allen JD, Hall LW, Collier RJ, Smith JF. 2015. Effect of core body temperature, time of day, and climate conditions on behavioral patterns of lactating dairy cows experiencing mild to moderate heat stress. Journal of Dairy Science 98:118-127.
Anderson SD, Bradford BJ, Harner JP. 2013. Effects of adjustable and stationary fans with misters on core body temperature and lying behavior of lactating dairy cows in a semiarid climate. Journal of Dairy Science 96: 4738-4750.
Arya A, Al-Obaidi MM, Shahid N, Bin Noordin MI, Looi CY, Wong WF, Khaing SL, Mustafa MR. 2014. Synergistic effect of quercetin and quinic acid by alleviating structural degeneration in the liver, kidney and pancreas tissues of STZ-induced diabetic rats: a mechanistic study. Food Chem Toxicol 71: 183-96.
Azis, A, Abbas H, Heryandi Y, Kusnadi E. 2012. Thyroid hormone and blood metabolites concentrations of broiler chickens subjected to feeding time restriction. Media Peternakan. 35: 32-37.
Cheng JB, Wang WY, Zheng N. 2014. Natural period change of heat stress revals unique “heat-stressed milk protein decrease syndrome” in mid-lactation dairy cows. China Animal Husbandry and Veteriner Medice. 41:73-84.
Collier RJ, Hall LW, Rungruang S, Zimbleman RB. 2012. Quantifying heat stress and its impact on metabolism and performance. Annual Ruminant nutrition Symposium. 12: 74-83.
Damaziak K, Riedel J, Gozdowski D, Niemiec J, Siennicka A, Róg D. 2017. Productive performance and egg quality of laying hens fed diets supplemented with garlic and onion extracts The Journal of Applied Poultry Research 26: 337–349
De Castro NM, Yaqoob P, de la Fuente M, Baeza I, Claus SP. 2013. Premature impairment of methylation pathway and cardiac metabolic dysfunction in fa/fa obese Zucker rats. Journal of Proteome Resesarch 12: 1935-1945.
Fabris TF, Laporta j, Corra FN. 2017. Effect of nutritional immunomodulation and heat stress during the dry period on subsequent performance of cows. Journal of Dairy Science 100: 6733-6742.
Geburt K, Friedrich M, Piechotta M, Gauly M, Koning von BU. 2015. Validity of physiological biomarkers for matenal behavior in cows- A comparison of beef and dairy cattle. Physiology Behaviour 139: 361-368.
Gray LR, Sultana MR, Rauckhorst AJ. 2015. Hepatic mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 is required for efficient regulation of gluconeogenesis and whole-body glucose homeostatis. Cell Metabolisme 22: 669-681.
He ML, Yang WZ, You JS, Chaves AV, Mir PS, Benchaar C, McAllister TA. 2009 Effects of garlic oil on fatty acid accumulation and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in differentiating adipocytes. Journal of Animal Science 22: 1686-1692
Hecker JG, McGarvey M. 2011. Heat shock proteins as biomarkers for the rapid detection of brain and spinal cord ischemia: a review and comparison to other methods of detection in thoracic aneurysm repair. Cell Stress Chaperones 16: 119-131.
Holt PS, Vaughn LE, Gast RK. 2010 Flow cytometric characterization of peyer’s patch and cecal tonsil T lymphocytes in laying hens following challenge with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 133: 276–281
Ippolito DL, Lewis JA, Yu C, Leon LR, Stallings JD. 2014. Alteration in circulating metabolites during and after heat stress in the conscious rat: potential biomarkers of exposure and organspecific injury. BMC Physiology 14: 14-21.
Kamil KA, Latipudin D, Mushawwir A, Rahmat S, Balia RL. 2020. The Effects of ginger volatile oil (GVO) on the metabolic profile of glycolytic pathway, free radical and antioxidant activities of heat-stressed cihateup duck. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology. 10:1228-1233.
Korivi M, Hou CW, Huang CY, Lee SD, Hsu MF, Yu SH, Chen CY, Liu YY, Kuo CH. 2012. Ginsenoside-rg1 protects the liver against exhaustive exerciseinduced oxidative stress in rats. Evid Based Complement Alternative Medicine 20: 932-941.
Kusmayadi A, Adriani L, Abun, Muhctaridi, Tanuwiria UH. 2018. The effect of solvents and extraction time on total xanthone and antioxidant yields of mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana L.) extract. Drug Invention Today 10: 2572-2576.
Lai YS, Chen WC, Ho CT, Lu KH, Lin SH, Tseng HS, Lin SY, Sheen LY. 2016. Garlic essential oil protects against obesity-triggered nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through modulation of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. Journal Agriculture Food Chemistry 62: 5897-906.
Leroy JL, Vanholder T, Van Knegsel AT, Garcia-Ispierto I, Bols PE. 2008. Nutrient prioritization in dairy cows early postpartum: mismatch between metabolism and fertility. Reproductive Domestic Animal 43: 96-103.
McManaman JL, Bales ES, Orlicky DJ, Jackman M, MacLean PS, Cain S, Crunk AE, Mansur A, Graham CE, Bowman TA, Greenberg AS. 2017. Perilipin-2-null mice are protected against diet-induced obesity, adipose inflammation, and fatty liver disease. Journal of Lipid Research 54: 1346-1359.
Monteiro AP, Guo JR, Weng XS. 2016. Effect of maternal heat stress during the dry period on growth and metabolism of calves. Journal of Dairy Science 99: 3896-3907.
Moreno KX, Moore CL, Burgess SC. 2015. Production of hyperpolarized 13CO2 from [1-13C] pyruvate in perfused liver does reflect total anaplerosis but is not a reliable biomarker of glucose production. Metabolomics 11: 1144-1156.
Mushawwir A, Tanuwiria UH, Kamil KA, Adriani L, Wiradimadja R, Suwarno N. 2018. Evaluation of Haematological Responses and Blood Biochemical Parameters of Heat-stressed Broilers with Dietary Supplementation of Javanese Ginger Powder (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) and Garlic Extract (Allium sativum). International Journal of Poultry Science17: 452-458.
Mushawwir A, Yong YK, Adriani L, Hernawan E, Kamil KA. 2010. The Fluctuation Effect of Atmospheric Ammonia (NH3) Exposure and Microclimate on Hereford Bulls Hematochemical. Journal of The Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 35: 232-238.
Mushawwir A, Adriani L, Kamil KA. 2011. Prediction Models for Olfactory Metabolic and Sows% Rnareticulocyt (Rnart) by Measurement of Atmospheric Ammonia Exposure and Microclimate Level. Journal of The Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 36: 14-20.
Nguyen TT, Bowman PJ, Haile-Mariam M, Pryce JE, Hayes BJ. Genomic selection for tolerance to heat stress in Australian dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2016;99:2849-62.
O’Brien MD, Rhoads RP, Sanders SR, Duff GC, Baumgard LH. 2010. Metabolic adaptations to heat stress in growing cattle. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 38: 86–94.
Odore R, Badino P, Re G, Barbero R, Cuniberti B, D’Angelo A, Girardi C, Fraccaro E, Tarantola M. 2011. Effects of housing and short-term transportation on hormone and lymphocytereceptor concentrations in beef cattle. Research Veterinary Science 90: 341–345.
Pearce SC, Gabler NK, Ross JW, Escobar J, Patience JF, Rhoads RP, Baumgard LH. 2013. The effect of heat stress and plane of nutrition on metabolism in growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 91: 2108-2118.
Pickler L, Breno C B, Beirão, Ricardo M, Hayashi, Jean FD, Mariana CL, Luiz FC, Santin E. 2013. Effect of sanguinarine in drinking water on Salmonella control and the expression of immune cells in peripheral blood and intestinal mucosa of broilers. Journal Applied of Poultry Research 22: 430–438
Pouyssegur J, Mechta-Grigoriou F. 2016. Redox regulation of the hypoxia-inducible factor. Biology Chemistry 387: 1337–1346.
Rhoads RP, Baumgard LH, Suagee JK. 2013. Metabolic priorities during heat stress with an emphasis on skeletal muscle. Journal of Animal Science 91: 2492–2503.
Roland L, Drillich M, Klein-Jobstl D, Iwernes M. 2016. Invited review: Influence of climatic conditions on the development, performance, and health of claves. Journal of Dairy Science 99: 2438-2452
Roland L, Drillich M, Klein-Jobstl D, Iwernes M. 2016. Invited review: Influence of climatic conditions on the development, performance, and health of claves. Journal of Dairy Science 99: 2438-52.
Sasmaz M, Emine IAT, Erdal O, Ahmet S. 2015. The potential of Lemna gibba L. and Lemna minor L. to remove Cu, Pb, Zn, and As in gallery water in a mining area in Keban, Turkey. Journal of Environmental Management 163: 246-253.
Saygideger S, Gulnaz O, Erman SI, Nebil Y. 2015. Adsorption of Cd (II), Cu (II) and Ni (II) ions by Lemna minor L.: Effect of physicochemical environment. Journal of Hazardous Materials B126: 96–104.
Shehab-El-Deen MAMM, Fadel MS, Van Soom A. 2014. Circadian rhythm of metabolic changes associated with summer heat stress in high-producing dairy cattle. Tropical Animal Health and Production 42: 1119-1125.
Siskos AP, Jain P, Romisch-Margl W. 2017. Interlaboratory reproducibility of a targeted metabolomics platform for analysis of human serum and plasma. Analysis Chemistry 89: 656-665.
Slimen B, Najar T, Ghram A, Abdrranna M. 2016. Heat stress effects on livestock: molecular, cellular and metabolic aspects, a review. Journal of Animal Physiololgy and Animal Nutrition 100: 401-412.
Soisuwan K, Chauychuwong C. 2013. Effects of phytogenic feed additive with reduced dietary metabolizable energy and digestible essential amino acids on carcass yields and meat quality of pekin ducks. Journal Applied Science and Research 9: 6099–6102.
Tanuwiria UH, Santosa U, Yulianti AA, Suryadi U. 2011. The Effect of organic-Cr dietary supplementation on stress response in transport-stressed beef cattle. Journal of The Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture. 36: 97-103.
Tian H, Wang W, Zheng N. 2015. Identification of diagnostic biomarkers and metabolic pathway shifts of heat-stressed lactating dairy cows. Journal Proteomics 125:17-28.
Vizzotto EF, Fischer V, Thaler NA. 2015. Access to shade changes behavioral and physiological attributes of dairy cows during the hot season in the subtropics. Animal 9: 1559-1566
Xu B, Chen M, Ji X. 2015. Metabolomic profiles reveal key metabolic changes in heat stress-treated mouse Sertoli cells. Toxicol In Vitro 29: 1745-52.
Zahner M, Schrader L, Hauser R. 2014. The influence of climatic conditions on physiological and behavioural parameters in dairy cows kept in open stables. Animal Science 78: 139-48.
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