Exploring biofertilizer potential of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria candidates from different plant ecosystems
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Abstract. Agustiyani D, Dewi TK, Laili N, Nditasari A, Antonius S. 2021. Exploring biofertilizer potential of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria candidates from different plant ecosystems. Biodiversitas 22: 2691-2698. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been widely used as inoculants to increase the growth of crops. This study aims to evaluate the effective PGPR strains according to their capability in various plant growth-promoting activities in vitro. Ten rhizosphere soil samples were obtained from several plant ecosystems in Bangkinang, Kampar, Sumatra Island, Indonesia. A total of 42 bacteria were isolated and tested for three plant growth–promoting activities i.e., phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, and N fixation. Out of 42 isolates, 26 were positive for phosphate solubilization, 11 were positive for IAA production, and five were positive for N fixation. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of plant growth–promoting activities revealed that the highest phosphate solubilizing isolate was PK.4.2 (SI 4.33); the highest IAA-producing isolate was I.4.2 (73.1 ppm); while the highest N-fixing ability was NFB.1.1. According to the seed bioassay results, the shoot and root length of bok choy (Brassica rapa) seedlings were significantly enhanced with the PGPR isolates treatment. The highest shoot length (2.53 cm) was observed among seeds treated with I.4.2 isolate, followed by PK.6.1 (2.45 cm) and I.5.3 (2.07 cm). The NFB.1.1 isolate promoted the longest root length (6.4 cm), although this was similar with I.5.3 isolate (6.11 cm). Two isolates that showed significant plant growth–promoting activities were analyzed using 16S rDNA sequences. The two isolates had a close evolutionary relationship with genus Sinomonas strain Cw 108 (I.4.2) and Arthrobacter (I.5.3.).
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References
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Ahemad M, Kibret M. 2014. Mechanisms and applications of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: current perspective. J King Saud Univ Sci 26(1): 1-20.
Ahmed E, Holmström SJ. 2014. Siderophores in environmental research: roles and applications. Microb Biotechnol 7(3): 196-208. https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.12117
Alori ET, Glick BR, Babalola OO. 2017. Microbial Phosphorus Solubilization and Its Potential for Use in Sustainable Agriculture. Front Microbiol 8: 971.
Atafar Z, Mesdaghinia A, Nouri J, Homaee M, Yunesian M, Ahmadimoghaddam M and Mahvi AH. 2010. Effect of fertilizer application on soil heavy metal concentration. Environ Monit Assess 160(1-4): 83.
Backer R, Rokem JS, Ilangumaran G, Lamont J, Praslickova D, Ricci E, Subramanian S and Smith DL. 2018. Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria: Context, Mechanisms of Action, and Roadmap to Commercialization of Biostimulants for Sustainable Agriculture. Front Plant Sci 9: 1-17.
Bhandari G. 2014. An Overview of Agrochemicals and Their Effects on Environment in Nepal. Appl Ecol Env Sci 2(2): 66-73.
Bhattacharyya PN, Jha DK. 2012. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): emergence in agriculture. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 28(4): 1327-1350.
Bianco C, Roberto D. 2011. Soil bacteria support and protect plants against abiotic stresses. Croatia: InTech.
Cruaud P, Vigneron A, Lucchetti-Miganeh C, Ciron PE, Cambon-Bonavita M-A. 2014. Influence of DNA Extraction Method, 16S rRNA Targeted Hypervariable Regions, and Sample Origin on Microbial Diversity Detected by 454 Pyrosequencing in Marine Chemosynthetic Ecosystems. Appl Environ Microbiol 80(15): 4626-4639.
den Besten HM, Effraimidou S, Abee T. 2013. Catalase activity as a biomarker for mild-stress-induced robustness in Bacillus weihenstephanensis. Appl Environ Microbiol 79(1): 57-62.
Ding L, Hirose T, Yokota A. 2009. Four novel Arthrobacter species isolated from filtration substrate. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 59(4): 856-862.
El-Azouni IM. 2008. Effect of phosphate solubilizing fungi on growth and nutrient uptake of soybean (Glycine max L.) plants. J Appl Sci Res 4(6): 592-598.
El-Sayed WS, Akhkha A, El-Naggar MY, Elbadry M. 2014. In vitro antagonistic activity, plant growth promoting traits and phylogenetic affiliation of rhizobacteria associated with wild plants grown in arid soil. Front Microbiol 5: 651.
Ghosh S. 2019. Changes of edaphic factors due to metabolism of indole acetic acid within the root nodules of Cicer arietinum L. Plant Arch 19(2): 3151-3154.
Gouda S, Kerry RG, Das G, Paramithiotis S, Shin H-S, Patra JK. 2018. Revitalization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for sustainable development in agriculture. Microbiol Res 206(2018): 131-140.
Igiehon NO, Babalola OO. 2018. Rhizosphere Microbiome Modulators: Contributions of Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria towards Sustainable AgricultureInt. J Environ Res Public Health 5(4): 574.
Joe MM, Deivraj S, Benson A, Henry AJ, Narendrakumar G. 2018. Soil extract calcium phosphate media for screening of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Agric Nat Resour 52(3): 305-308.
Kalayu G. 2019. Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms: Promising Approach as Biofertilizers. Int J Agron 2019 (4917256): 1-7.
Kifle MH, Laing MD. 2016. Isolation and Screening of Bacteria for Their Diazotrophic Potential and Their Influence on Growth Promotion of Maize Seedlings in Greenhouses. Front Plant Sci 6(1225): 1-8.
Kim K-Y, Boruah HPK, Kim C-W, Shagol CC, Sa T-M. 2010. Isolation and evaluation of inoculation effect of Azospirillum sp. on growth, colonization and nutrient uptake of crops under green house condition. World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World. Brisbane, Australia, 1 – 6 August 2010.
Kumar V, Menon S, Agarwal H and Gopalakrishnan D. (2017). Characterization and optimization of bacterium isolated from soil samples for the production of siderophores. Res-Efficient Technol 3(4): 434-439.
Louden BC, Haarmann D, Lynne AM. 2011. Use of Blue Agar CAS Assay for Siderophore Detection. J Microbiol Biol Educ 12(1): 51-3.
Mahdi SS, Hassan GI, Samoon SA, Rather HA, Dar SA, Zehra B. 2010. Bio-fertilizers in organic agriculture. J Phytol 2(10): 42-54.
Majeed A, Abbasi MK, Hameed S, Imran A, Rahim N. 2015. Isolation and characterization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria from wheat rhizosphere and their effect on plant growth promotion. Front Microbiol 6: 198.
Maksimov IV, Abizgil’Dina RR, Pusenkova LI. 2011. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as alternative to chemical crop protectors from pathogens. Appl Biochem Microbiol 47(4): 333-345.
Minz D, Ofek M, Hadar Y. 2013. Plant Rhizosphere Microbial Communities. In: E Rosenberg, EF DeLong, S Lory, E Stackebrandt and F Thompson (ed.). The Prokaryotes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Mohite B. 2013. Isolation and characterization of indole acetic acid (IAA) producing bacteria from rhizospheric soil and its effect on plant growth. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 13(3): 638-649.
Mutumba FA, Zagal E, Gerding M, Castillo-Rosales D, Paulino L, Schoebitz M. 2018. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for improved water stress tolerance in wheat genotypes. Journal soil Sci Plant Nutr 18(4): 1080-1096.
Olanrewaju OS, Glick BR, Babalola OO. 2017. Mechanisms of action of plant growth promoting bacteria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 33(11): 197.
Pérez-Montaño F, Alías-Villegas C, Bellogín RA, del Cerro P, Espuny MR, Jiménez-Guerrero I, López-Baena FJ, Ollero FJ, Cubo T. 2014. Plant growth promotion in cereal and leguminous agricultural important plants: From microorganism capacities to crop production. Microbiol Res 169(5-6): 325-336.
Perrig D, Boiero ML, Masciarelli OA, Penna C, Ruiz OA, Cassán FD, Lua MV. 2007. Plant-growth-promoting compounds produced by two agronomically important strains of Azospirillum brasilense, and implications for inoculant formulation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 75(5): 1143-1150.
Prabhu DM, Quadri SR, Cheng J, Liu L, Chen W, Yang Y, Hozzein WN, Lingappa, Li WJ. 2015. Sinomonas mesophila sp. nov., isolated from ancient fort soil. J Antibiot 68(5): 318-321.
Qin S, Zhang YJ, Yuan B, Xu PY, Xing K, Wang J, Jiang H. 2014. Isolation of ACC deaminase-producing habitat-adapted symbiotic bacteria associated with halophyte Limonium sinense (Girard) Kuntze and evaluating their plant growth-promoting activity under salt stress. Plant Soil 374(1-2): 753-766.
Radzki W, Gutierrez Mañero FJ, Algar E, Lucas García JA, García-Villaraco A, Ramos Solano B. 2013. Bacterial siderophores efficiently provide iron to iron-starved tomato plants in hydroponics culture. Antonie Leeuwenhoek 104(3): 321-30.
Ramasamy M, Geetha T, Yuvaraj M. 2020. Role of Biofertilizers in Plant Growth and Soil Health. In: E Rigobelo (ed.). Nitrogen Fixation. IntechOpen Limited, London 176-200.
Remans R, Beebe S, Blair M, Manrique G, Tovar E, Rao I, Croonenborghs A, Torres-Gutierrez R, El-Howeity M, Michiels J, Vanderleyden J. 2008. Physiological and genetic analysis of root responsiveness to auxin-producing plant growth-promoting bacteria in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Plant Soil 302(1-2): 149-161.
Rijavec T, Lapanje A. 2016. Hydrogen Cyanide in the Rhizosphere: Not Suppressing Plant Pathogens, but Rather Regulating Availability of Phosphate. Front Microbiol 7: 1785.
Ruppel S, Franken P, Witzel K. 2013. Properties of the halophyte microbiome and their implications for plant salt tolerance. Funct Plant Biol 40(9): 940-951.
Santi C, Bogusz D, Franche C. 2013. Biological nitrogen fixation in non-legume plants. Annals of Botany 111(5): 743-67.
Santos VB, Araújo AS, Leite LF, Nunes LA, Melo WJ. 2012. Soil microbial biomass and organic matter fractions during transition from conventional to organic farming systems. Geoderma 170(2012): 227-231.
Schütz L, Gattinger A, Meier M, Muller A, Boller T, Mader P, Mathimaran N. 2018. Improving Crop Yield and Nutrient Use Efficiency via Biofertilization—A Global Meta-analysis. Front Plant Sci 8(2204): 1-13.
Sharma SB, Sayyed RZ, Trivedi MH, Gobi TA. 2013. Phosphate solubilizing microbes: sustainable approach for managing phosphorus deficiency in agricultural soils. Springerplus 2: 587.
Shrivastava P, Kumar R. 2015. Soil salinity: A serious environmental issue and plant growth promoting bacteria as one of the tools for its alleviation. Saud J Biol Sci22(2): 123-131.
Singh I. 2018. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Their Various Mechanisms for Plant Growth Enhancement in Stressful Conditions: A Review. European Journal of Biological Research 8: 191-213.
Souza Rd, Ambrosini A, Passaglia LM. 2015. Plant growth-promoting bacteria as inoculants in agricultural soils. Gen Mol Biol 38(4): 401-19.
Szkop M, Sikora P, Orzechowski S. 2012. A novel, simple, and sensitive colorimetric method to determine aromatic amino acid aminotransferase activity using the Salkowski reagent. Folia Microbiol 57(1): 1-4.
Tiwari S, Singh P, Tiwari R, Meena KK, Yandigeri M, Singh DP and Arora DK. (2011). Salt-tolerant rhizobacteria-mediated induced tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and chemical diversity in rhizosphere enhance plant growth. Biol Fert Soil 47(8): 907-916.
Vejan P, Abdullah R, Khadiran T, Ismail S, Nasrulhaq Boyce A. 2016. Role of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Agricultural Sustainability-A Review. Molecules 21(5): 573.
Vinayarani G, Prakash HS. 2018. Growth Promoting Rhizospheric and Endophytic Bacteria from Curcuma longa L. as Biocontrol Agents against Rhizome Rot and Leaf Blight Diseases. Plant Pathol J 34(3) : 218-235.
Weisskopf L, Heller S, Eberl L. 2011. Burkholderia species are major inhabitants of white lupin cluster roots. Appl Environ Microbiol 77(21): 7715-20.
Youssef MMA, Eissa MFM. 2014. Biofertilizers and their role in management of plant parasitic nematodes. A review. J Biotechnol Pharm Res 5(1): 1-6.
Zafar M, Abbasi MK, Khan MA, Khaliq A, Sultan T, Aslam M. 2012. Effect of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria on Growth, Nodulation and Nutrient Accumulation of Lentil Under Controlled Conditions. Pedosphere 22(6): 848-859.
Zhang MY, Xie J, Zhang TY, Xu H, Cheng J, Li SH, Li WJ and Zhang YX. (2014). Sinomonas notoginsengisoli sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of Panax notoginseng. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 106(4): 827-835.
Zhou Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Wang W and Xu J. (2012). Description of Sinomonas soli sp. nov., reclassification of Arthrobacter echigonensis and Arthrobacter albidus (Ding et al. 2009) as Sinomonas echigonensis comb. nov. and Sinomonas albida comb. nov., respectively, and emended description of the genus Sinomonas. Int J Sys Evol Microbiol 62(4): 764-769.
Zhou Y, Wei W, Wang X and Lai R. (2009). Proposal of Sinomonas flava gen. nov., sp. nov., and description of Sinomonas atrocyanea comb. nov. to accommodate Arthrobacter atrocyaneus. Int J Sys Evol Microbiol 59(2): 259-263.
Ahemad M, Kibret M. 2014. Mechanisms and applications of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: current perspective. J King Saud Univ Sci 26(1): 1-20.
Ahmed E, Holmström SJ. 2014. Siderophores in environmental research: roles and applications. Microb Biotechnol 7(3): 196-208. https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.12117
Alori ET, Glick BR, Babalola OO. 2017. Microbial Phosphorus Solubilization and Its Potential for Use in Sustainable Agriculture. Front Microbiol 8: 971.
Atafar Z, Mesdaghinia A, Nouri J, Homaee M, Yunesian M, Ahmadimoghaddam M and Mahvi AH. 2010. Effect of fertilizer application on soil heavy metal concentration. Environ Monit Assess 160(1-4): 83.
Backer R, Rokem JS, Ilangumaran G, Lamont J, Praslickova D, Ricci E, Subramanian S and Smith DL. 2018. Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria: Context, Mechanisms of Action, and Roadmap to Commercialization of Biostimulants for Sustainable Agriculture. Front Plant Sci 9: 1-17.
Bhandari G. 2014. An Overview of Agrochemicals and Their Effects on Environment in Nepal. Appl Ecol Env Sci 2(2): 66-73.
Bhattacharyya PN, Jha DK. 2012. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): emergence in agriculture. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 28(4): 1327-1350.
Bianco C, Roberto D. 2011. Soil bacteria support and protect plants against abiotic stresses. Croatia: InTech.
Cruaud P, Vigneron A, Lucchetti-Miganeh C, Ciron PE, Cambon-Bonavita M-A. 2014. Influence of DNA Extraction Method, 16S rRNA Targeted Hypervariable Regions, and Sample Origin on Microbial Diversity Detected by 454 Pyrosequencing in Marine Chemosynthetic Ecosystems. Appl Environ Microbiol 80(15): 4626-4639.
den Besten HM, Effraimidou S, Abee T. 2013. Catalase activity as a biomarker for mild-stress-induced robustness in Bacillus weihenstephanensis. Appl Environ Microbiol 79(1): 57-62.
Ding L, Hirose T, Yokota A. 2009. Four novel Arthrobacter species isolated from filtration substrate. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 59(4): 856-862.
El-Azouni IM. 2008. Effect of phosphate solubilizing fungi on growth and nutrient uptake of soybean (Glycine max L.) plants. J Appl Sci Res 4(6): 592-598.
El-Sayed WS, Akhkha A, El-Naggar MY, Elbadry M. 2014. In vitro antagonistic activity, plant growth promoting traits and phylogenetic affiliation of rhizobacteria associated with wild plants grown in arid soil. Front Microbiol 5: 651.
Ghosh S. 2019. Changes of edaphic factors due to metabolism of indole acetic acid within the root nodules of Cicer arietinum L. Plant Arch 19(2): 3151-3154.
Gouda S, Kerry RG, Das G, Paramithiotis S, Shin H-S, Patra JK. 2018. Revitalization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for sustainable development in agriculture. Microbiol Res 206(2018): 131-140.
Igiehon NO, Babalola OO. 2018. Rhizosphere Microbiome Modulators: Contributions of Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria towards Sustainable AgricultureInt. J Environ Res Public Health 5(4): 574.
Joe MM, Deivraj S, Benson A, Henry AJ, Narendrakumar G. 2018. Soil extract calcium phosphate media for screening of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Agric Nat Resour 52(3): 305-308.
Kalayu G. 2019. Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms: Promising Approach as Biofertilizers. Int J Agron 2019 (4917256): 1-7.
Kifle MH, Laing MD. 2016. Isolation and Screening of Bacteria for Their Diazotrophic Potential and Their Influence on Growth Promotion of Maize Seedlings in Greenhouses. Front Plant Sci 6(1225): 1-8.
Kim K-Y, Boruah HPK, Kim C-W, Shagol CC, Sa T-M. 2010. Isolation and evaluation of inoculation effect of Azospirillum sp. on growth, colonization and nutrient uptake of crops under green house condition. World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World. Brisbane, Australia, 1 – 6 August 2010.
Kumar V, Menon S, Agarwal H and Gopalakrishnan D. (2017). Characterization and optimization of bacterium isolated from soil samples for the production of siderophores. Res-Efficient Technol 3(4): 434-439.
Louden BC, Haarmann D, Lynne AM. 2011. Use of Blue Agar CAS Assay for Siderophore Detection. J Microbiol Biol Educ 12(1): 51-3.
Mahdi SS, Hassan GI, Samoon SA, Rather HA, Dar SA, Zehra B. 2010. Bio-fertilizers in organic agriculture. J Phytol 2(10): 42-54.
Majeed A, Abbasi MK, Hameed S, Imran A, Rahim N. 2015. Isolation and characterization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria from wheat rhizosphere and their effect on plant growth promotion. Front Microbiol 6: 198.
Maksimov IV, Abizgil’Dina RR, Pusenkova LI. 2011. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as alternative to chemical crop protectors from pathogens. Appl Biochem Microbiol 47(4): 333-345.
Minz D, Ofek M, Hadar Y. 2013. Plant Rhizosphere Microbial Communities. In: E Rosenberg, EF DeLong, S Lory, E Stackebrandt and F Thompson (ed.). The Prokaryotes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Mohite B. 2013. Isolation and characterization of indole acetic acid (IAA) producing bacteria from rhizospheric soil and its effect on plant growth. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 13(3): 638-649.
Mutumba FA, Zagal E, Gerding M, Castillo-Rosales D, Paulino L, Schoebitz M. 2018. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for improved water stress tolerance in wheat genotypes. Journal soil Sci Plant Nutr 18(4): 1080-1096.
Olanrewaju OS, Glick BR, Babalola OO. 2017. Mechanisms of action of plant growth promoting bacteria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 33(11): 197.
Pérez-Montaño F, Alías-Villegas C, Bellogín RA, del Cerro P, Espuny MR, Jiménez-Guerrero I, López-Baena FJ, Ollero FJ, Cubo T. 2014. Plant growth promotion in cereal and leguminous agricultural important plants: From microorganism capacities to crop production. Microbiol Res 169(5-6): 325-336.
Perrig D, Boiero ML, Masciarelli OA, Penna C, Ruiz OA, Cassán FD, Lua MV. 2007. Plant-growth-promoting compounds produced by two agronomically important strains of Azospirillum brasilense, and implications for inoculant formulation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 75(5): 1143-1150.
Prabhu DM, Quadri SR, Cheng J, Liu L, Chen W, Yang Y, Hozzein WN, Lingappa, Li WJ. 2015. Sinomonas mesophila sp. nov., isolated from ancient fort soil. J Antibiot 68(5): 318-321.
Qin S, Zhang YJ, Yuan B, Xu PY, Xing K, Wang J, Jiang H. 2014. Isolation of ACC deaminase-producing habitat-adapted symbiotic bacteria associated with halophyte Limonium sinense (Girard) Kuntze and evaluating their plant growth-promoting activity under salt stress. Plant Soil 374(1-2): 753-766.
Radzki W, Gutierrez Mañero FJ, Algar E, Lucas García JA, García-Villaraco A, Ramos Solano B. 2013. Bacterial siderophores efficiently provide iron to iron-starved tomato plants in hydroponics culture. Antonie Leeuwenhoek 104(3): 321-30.
Ramasamy M, Geetha T, Yuvaraj M. 2020. Role of Biofertilizers in Plant Growth and Soil Health. In: E Rigobelo (ed.). Nitrogen Fixation. IntechOpen Limited, London 176-200.
Remans R, Beebe S, Blair M, Manrique G, Tovar E, Rao I, Croonenborghs A, Torres-Gutierrez R, El-Howeity M, Michiels J, Vanderleyden J. 2008. Physiological and genetic analysis of root responsiveness to auxin-producing plant growth-promoting bacteria in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Plant Soil 302(1-2): 149-161.
Rijavec T, Lapanje A. 2016. Hydrogen Cyanide in the Rhizosphere: Not Suppressing Plant Pathogens, but Rather Regulating Availability of Phosphate. Front Microbiol 7: 1785.
Ruppel S, Franken P, Witzel K. 2013. Properties of the halophyte microbiome and their implications for plant salt tolerance. Funct Plant Biol 40(9): 940-951.
Santi C, Bogusz D, Franche C. 2013. Biological nitrogen fixation in non-legume plants. Annals of Botany 111(5): 743-67.
Santos VB, Araújo AS, Leite LF, Nunes LA, Melo WJ. 2012. Soil microbial biomass and organic matter fractions during transition from conventional to organic farming systems. Geoderma 170(2012): 227-231.
Schütz L, Gattinger A, Meier M, Muller A, Boller T, Mader P, Mathimaran N. 2018. Improving Crop Yield and Nutrient Use Efficiency via Biofertilization—A Global Meta-analysis. Front Plant Sci 8(2204): 1-13.
Sharma SB, Sayyed RZ, Trivedi MH, Gobi TA. 2013. Phosphate solubilizing microbes: sustainable approach for managing phosphorus deficiency in agricultural soils. Springerplus 2: 587.
Shrivastava P, Kumar R. 2015. Soil salinity: A serious environmental issue and plant growth promoting bacteria as one of the tools for its alleviation. Saud J Biol Sci22(2): 123-131.
Singh I. 2018. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Their Various Mechanisms for Plant Growth Enhancement in Stressful Conditions: A Review. European Journal of Biological Research 8: 191-213.
Souza Rd, Ambrosini A, Passaglia LM. 2015. Plant growth-promoting bacteria as inoculants in agricultural soils. Gen Mol Biol 38(4): 401-19.
Szkop M, Sikora P, Orzechowski S. 2012. A novel, simple, and sensitive colorimetric method to determine aromatic amino acid aminotransferase activity using the Salkowski reagent. Folia Microbiol 57(1): 1-4.
Tiwari S, Singh P, Tiwari R, Meena KK, Yandigeri M, Singh DP and Arora DK. (2011). Salt-tolerant rhizobacteria-mediated induced tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and chemical diversity in rhizosphere enhance plant growth. Biol Fert Soil 47(8): 907-916.
Vejan P, Abdullah R, Khadiran T, Ismail S, Nasrulhaq Boyce A. 2016. Role of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Agricultural Sustainability-A Review. Molecules 21(5): 573.
Vinayarani G, Prakash HS. 2018. Growth Promoting Rhizospheric and Endophytic Bacteria from Curcuma longa L. as Biocontrol Agents against Rhizome Rot and Leaf Blight Diseases. Plant Pathol J 34(3) : 218-235.
Weisskopf L, Heller S, Eberl L. 2011. Burkholderia species are major inhabitants of white lupin cluster roots. Appl Environ Microbiol 77(21): 7715-20.
Youssef MMA, Eissa MFM. 2014. Biofertilizers and their role in management of plant parasitic nematodes. A review. J Biotechnol Pharm Res 5(1): 1-6.
Zafar M, Abbasi MK, Khan MA, Khaliq A, Sultan T, Aslam M. 2012. Effect of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria on Growth, Nodulation and Nutrient Accumulation of Lentil Under Controlled Conditions. Pedosphere 22(6): 848-859.
Zhang MY, Xie J, Zhang TY, Xu H, Cheng J, Li SH, Li WJ and Zhang YX. (2014). Sinomonas notoginsengisoli sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of Panax notoginseng. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 106(4): 827-835.
Zhou Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Wang W and Xu J. (2012). Description of Sinomonas soli sp. nov., reclassification of Arthrobacter echigonensis and Arthrobacter albidus (Ding et al. 2009) as Sinomonas echigonensis comb. nov. and Sinomonas albida comb. nov., respectively, and emended description of the genus Sinomonas. Int J Sys Evol Microbiol 62(4): 764-769.
Zhou Y, Wei W, Wang X and Lai R. (2009). Proposal of Sinomonas flava gen. nov., sp. nov., and description of Sinomonas atrocyanea comb. nov. to accommodate Arthrobacter atrocyaneus. Int J Sys Evol Microbiol 59(2): 259-263.
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