Solanum anomalum leaf extract mitigated doxorubicin-induced kidney toxicity and oxidative stress in male rats
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Abstract. Okokon JE, Onunkun JA, Anagboso MO, Udobang JA. 2024. Solanum anomalum leaf extract mitigated doxorubicin-induced kidney toxicity and oxidative stress in male rats. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 22: 59-66. Solanum anomalum Thonn. ex Schumach (family Solanaceae) is a shrub whose leaves are used locally to treat various diseases. Evaluation of the antidotal activity of leaf extract of S. anomalum was carried out to ascertain its uses in traditional medicine. The leaf extract (70-210 mg/kg) of S. anomalum was investigated for nephroprotective activity against doxorubicin-induced kidney toxicity in rats. Kidney function parameters, kidney histology, and kidney oxidative stress markers were used to assess the kidney protective effect of the extract. The leaf extract (70-210 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05-0.01) reduced the levels of creatinine, urea, and electrolytes that were elevated by doxorubicin. Also, the MDA level elevated by doxorubicin was reduced by the extract co-administration, while the levels of GSH, GST, SOD, GPx, and CAT that were decreased by doxorubicin were significantly (p<0.01) elevated by the leaf extract. Histology of the kidney sections of extract-treated animals showed reductions in the pathological features compared to the organotoxic-treated animals. The chemical pathological changes were consistent with histopathological observations, suggesting marked nephroprotective potential. The anti-toxic effect of this plant may, in part, be mediated through the plant's chemical constituents. S. anomalum possesses anti-toxicant properties that can be exploited in treating doxorubicin-related toxicities.
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