Pharmacognostic characterization and biological activities of Aponogeton crispus and A. rigidifolius

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##

PDF
Issue
Vol. 23 No. 1 (2025)
Section
Articles

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

RANUJA SARVESWARAN
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura. Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
W. J. A. BANUKIE JAYASURIYA ♥
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura. Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
BHAVANTHA DIAS
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura. Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8408-9548
ISURU KARIYAWASAM
Department of Botany, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura. Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2527-3502
PRIYANI HETTIARACHCHI
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka. Mihintale 50300, Sri Lanka
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8725-903X
SUGANDHIKA SURESH
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura. Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3999-9398

Abstract

Abstract. Sarveswaran R, Jayasuriya WJAB, Dias B, Kariyawasam I, Hettiarachchi P, Suresh S. 2025. Pharmacognostic characterization and biological activities of Aponogeton crispus and A. rigidifolius. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 23: 1-10. The potential anti-inflammatory effects of the plant family Aponogetonaceae have yet to be widely studied despite the existing ethnomedicinal evidence. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacognostic characteristics and pharmacological activities of Aponogeton crispus Thunb. and Aponogeton rigidifolius H.Bruggen plants. Anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycemia-related bioactivities of these plants were evaluated using well-established in vivo and in vitro methods. The safety profiles of the aqueous plant extracts were investigated in acute and chronic toxicity studies. Significance among different test groups in each assay was analyzed statistically. Reducing sugars, amino acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and polyphenols were found in the preliminary phytochemical screening. In pharmacological assessments, aqueous extracts of A. crispus at 120 mg/kg showed the highest inhibition of carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, indicating its significant therapeutic potential. The percentage reduction in acetic acid-induced writhes was 46.48±3.46% for A. crispus and 54.22±2.10% for A. rigidifolius. Both extracts significantly reduced the body temperature of test rats at the third and fourth hour in brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia. Moreover, both plants showed appreciable safety profiles in 2,000 mg/kg dose. The study concludes that both A. crispus and A. rigidifolius plants possess explicit pharmacognostic characteristics, show significant therapeutic effects against the cardinal signs of inflammation and hyperglycemia, also exhibit no in vivo toxicities.

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

References
Anonymous. Osuthuru Wisithuru. 1994. 3rd ed. Sri Lanka Ayurvedic Department, Colombo.
Bhowmick R, Sarwar MS, Dewan SMR, Das A, Das B, Uddin MMN, Islam MS, Islam MS. 2014. In vivo analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory potential in Swiss albino mice and in vitro thrombolytic activity of hydroalcoholic extract from Litsea glutinosa leaves. Biol Res. 47(1):1-8.
Bissinger R, Modicano P, Alzoubi K, Honisch S, Faggio C, Abed M, Lang F. 2014. Effect of saponin on erythrocytes. Int J Hematol. 100(1):51-59. DOI: 10.1007/s12185-014-1605-z.
Chen Y-Y, Liu Q-P, An P, Jia M, Luan X, Tang J-Y, Zhang H. 2022. Ginsenoside Rd: A promising natural neuroprotective agent. Phytomed. 95:153883. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153883.
Chowdhury NS, Alam MB, Haque ASMT, Zahan R, Mazumder MEH, Haque ME. 2011. In vitro free radical scavenging and thrombolytic activities of Bangladeshi aquatic plant Aponogeton undulatus Roxb. Glob J Pharmacol. 5(1):27-32.
Dash S, Kanungo SK, Dinda SC. 2014. Antidiabetic activity of Aponogeton natans (linn.) Engl. & Krause - an important folklore medicine. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 6(1):574-577.
Dash S, Kanungo SK, Dinda SC. 2013. Anti-inflammatory activity of Aponogeton natans (Linn.) Engl. & Krause in different experimental animal models. Pharm Lett. 5(1):136-140.
Dash S, Kanungo SK, Dinda SC. 2015. Physicochemical and phytochemical eval_uation of Aponogeton natans (Linn.) Engl. & Krause-an important folklore medicine. Pharm Lett. 7(10):248-253.
Dassanayake MD, Fosberg FR. 1987. A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon, Volume VI. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi.
Islam MR, Alam MB, Tamima U, Jenny SI. 2015. Antitumor activity of Aponogeton undulatus against Ehrilich ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 8(6):431-437. DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.05.010.
Jayasuriya WJABN, Handunnetti SM, Wanigatunge CA, Fernando GH, Abeytunga DTU, Suresh TS. 2020. Anti-inflammatory activity of Pleurotus ostreatus, a culinary medicinal mushroom, in Wistar rats. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2020:1-9. DOI: 10.1155/2020/6845383.
Jayasuriya WJABN, Suresh TS, Abeytunga DTU, Fernando GH, Wanigatunga CA. 2012. Oral hypoglycemic activity of culinary-medicinal mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus and P. cystidiosus (Higher basidiomycetes) in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Int J Med Mushrooms. 14(4):347-355. DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v14.i4.20.
Jayaweera DMA, Senaratna LK. 2006. Medicinal Plants (Indigenous and Exotic) Used in Ceylon - Part I. The National Science Foundation, Sri Lanka.
Kumar V, Sharma AK, Rajput SK, Pal M, Dhiman N. 2018. Pharmacognostic and pharmacological eval_uation of Eulaliopsis binata plant extracts by measuring in vitro/in vivo safety profile and anti-microbial potential. Toxicol Res (Camb). 7:454-464. DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00017d.
Manawaduge CG, Yakandawala D. 2018. Morphometrics and taxonomic update to the Sri Lankan Aponogetonaceae. Phytotaxa. 365(3):201-224. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.365.3.1.
Mansouri M, Hemmati A, Naghizadeh B, Mard S, Rezaie A, Ghorbanzadeh B. 2015. A study of the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of ellagic acid in carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. Indian J Pharmacol. 47(3):292-298.
Misra MK, Panda A, Sahu D. 2012. Survey of useful wetland plants of South Odisha, India. Indian J Tradit Knowl. 11(4):658-666.
Morsy N. 2014. Phytochemical analysis of biologically active constituents of medicinal plants. Main Group Chem. 13(1):7-21. DOI: 10.3233/MGC-130117.
Mukherjee PK, Banerjee S, Biswas S, Das B, Kar A, Katiyar CK. 2021. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal - modern perspectives of an ancient Rasayana from Ayurveda. J Ethnopharmacol. 264:113157. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113157.
Nandagoapalan V, Doss A, Marimuthu C. 2016. Phytochemical analysis of some traditional medicinal plants. Biosci Discov. 7(1):17-20.
OECD. 2018. Test No. 408: Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents. In: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals. OECD Publishing.
OECD. 2002. Test No. 420: Acute Oral Toxicity - Fixed Dose Procedure. In: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals. OECD Publishing.
Perera PK, Subasinghe UR, Arawwawala LDAM. 2017. eval_uation of physico-chemical properties and antioxidant capacity of leaf powder of moringa (Moringa oleifera, Lam) grown in Sri Lanka. Asian J Med Health Res. 2(5):1-9.
Rahaman MZ, Akhter S, Islam MR, Begum S, Mondal KK, Mottakin M, Hossain MS, Bayen S, Das M. 2020. Assessment of thrombolytic, antioxidant and analgesic properties of a medicinal plant of Asteraceae family growing in Bangladesh. Discov Phytomed. 7(1):47-52. DOI: 10.15562/phytomedicine.2020.118.
Rege MG, Ayanwuyi LO, Zezi AU, Odoma S. 2021. Anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and possible mechanism of anti-nociceptive action of methanol leaf extract of Nymphaea lotus Linn (Nymphaeceae). J Tradit Complement Med. 11(2):123-129. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.02.010.
Ribaldone DG, Pellicano R, Actis GC. 2019. Inflammation in gastrointestinal disorders: preval_ent socioeconomic factors. Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 12:321-329. DOI: 10.2147/CEG.S210844.
Roe K. 2021. An inflammation classification system using cytokine parameters. Scand J Immunol. 93(2). DOI: 10.1111/sji.12970.
Samarasekara C. 2002. Food habits that relevant to control diabetes mellitus. Department of Ayurveda, National Institute of Indigenous Medicine, Sri Lanka.
Seethapathy GS, Ganesh D, Santhosh Kumar JU, Senthilkumar U, Newmaster SG, Ragupathy S, Shaanker RU, Ravikanth G. 2014. Assessing product adulteration in natural health products for laxative yielding plants, cassia, senna, and chamaecrista, in Southern India using DNA barcoding. Int J Legal Med. 129(4):693-700. DOI: 10.1007/s00414-014-1120-z.
Stankov SV. 2012. Definition of inflammation, causes of inflammation and possible anti-inflammatory strategies. Open Inflamm J. 5:1-9.
Subedi NK, Rahman SMA, Akbar MA. 2016. Analgesic and antipyretic activities of methanol extract and its fraction from the root of Schoenoplectus grossus. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2016:3820704. DOI: 10.1155/2016/3820704.
Wijesundara DSA, Shantha Siri JG. 2004. Some selected aquatic ornamental plants of Sri Lanka. National Science Foundation, Sri Lanka.
World Health Organization. 2011. Quality control methods for herbal materials. World Health Organization, Geneva.