Therapeutic potential of combined Gongronema latifolium fruit and leaf extracts against oxidative stress and organ damage

Abstract

Abstract. Okochi CV, Udedi SC, Asogwa KK, Otovbo EJ, Obi MS, Ezeaku UA. 2025. Therapeutic potential of combined Gongronema latifolium fruit and leaf extracts against oxidative stress and organ damage. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 23: 38-46. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of combined extracts of the fruit and leaves of Gongronema latifolium in managing oxidative stress and protecting against liver and kidney damage. Forty albino rats were randomly assigned to eight groups (A-H), each consisting of 5 rats. Groups A-C served as the control groups, with Group B as the positive control group, receiving silymarin. Groups D-H were administered different ratios of G. latifolium fruit and leaf extracts at 100 mg/kg BW. The biochemical analysis and histological study of the liver were conducted using standard procedures. Results from the acute toxicity study showed that the LD₅₀ value of the extract was >5000 mg/kg BW, categorized as relatively harmless; the combined extracts significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, GSH, SOD) and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Most combined extracts demonstrated anti-hepatotoxic effects by lowering ALT, AST, and ALP levels. The combined extracts of fruit and leaf of G. latifolium demonstrated potential for renal protection, as evidenced by reduced urea and creatinine levels, particularly in groups receiving a higher ratio of fruit extract. Histological analysis showed normal liver tissue, indicating no adverse effects from the extracts. In conclusion, these combinations of fruit and leaf extracts of G. latifolium could be natural antioxidants and protective agents against environmental toxins, with possible applications in traditional medicine and therapeutic strategies.