Toxicity test of ambre leaf fractionation (Geranium radula) against Artemia salina and chemistry compound profile of the most active fraction

Abstract

Ambarwati, Rakhmawati R, Wahyuni DSC. 2015. Toxicity test of ambre leaf fractionation (Geranium radula) against Artemia salina and chemistry compound profile of the most active fraction. Biofarmasi 13: 15-24. According to Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST), ambre (Geranium radula Cavan.) is a plant has toxic effect, that‟s why it may use as anticancer agent. A previous research used screening toxicity of some plants in Tawangmangu, Surakarta that used BST method showed that chloroform extract from Ambre leaves the biggest toxicity activities. According to that research, we need to do further research about toxicity test, and ambre leaves bioactive component to find scientific result. Toxicity test with BST method has been done by including ten larva Artemia salina Leach into flacon contains test sample. Death percentage of A. salina larva was counted 24 hours after giving of test sample rate series, then made equation of linear regression to determine values of LC50-24 hours. The result of toxicity test showed that fraction IV ambre leaves are fraction that has the highest toxic because it has the biggest percentage of death for all of the concentration series that has been experimented with values of LC50-24 hours = 776.46 μg/mL. Fraction IV as the most active fraction is identified its chemical compound with Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The detection result showed that fraction IV has terpenoid compound by Rf = 0.16; 0.44; 0.85 and phenolic compound by Rf = 0.44; 0.58.