Polyisoprenoid-based chemotaxonomy and cluster analysis of mangrove reproductive tissues from North Sumatra, Indonesia
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Abstract. Basyuni M, Pulungan W, Al Mustaniroh SS, Baba S. 2025. Polyisoprenoid-based chemotaxonomy and cluster analysis of mangrove reproductive tissues from North Sumatra, Indonesia. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 23: 110-121. This study investigates the chemotaxonomic significance of polyisoprenoids—specifically polyprenols and dolichols—in the reproductive organs (flowers and fruits) of fourteen mangrove species from North Sumatra, Indonesia. Employing Two-Dimensional Thin-Layer Chromatography (2D-TLC) as a high-resolution analytical tool and Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering as a classification approach, we profiled the polyisoprenoid compounds in flowers. We classified them into three types based on their relative abundance. Type I, with a predominance of dolichols over polyprenols (more than ninefold), was observed in Barringtonia asiatica, Lumnitzera racemosa, Ricinus communis, and Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea. Type II, with the occurrence of both polyprenols and dolichols, was observed in Acanthus ilicifolius, Excoecaria agallocha, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Melastoma candidum, and Sonneratia alba. Type III, with a predominance of polyprenols over dolichols, was observed in Avicennia officinalis, Bruguiera sexangula, Rhizophora apiculata, and Rhizophora mucronata. However, in the fruits, a type-I distribution was observed in nine species. In comparison, five species, Acanthus illicifolius, A. officinalis, H. tiliaceus, Lumnitzera littorea, and M. candidum, corresponded to a type II distribution and were not type III. Quantitative analyses revealed that dolichols were dominant in 64% of the fruit tissues, while floral tissues showed more diversity. Hierarchical cluster analysis using /UPGMA grouped species based on polyisoprenoid similarity, demonstrating their value as chemotaxonomic markers. These findings provide a significant foundation for mangrove conservation strategies by linking biochemical markers to species resilience in the coastal ecosystem, inspiring potential new approaches to conservation.
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