Stygobiotic isopod Stenasellus sp. in Sarongge Jompong cave, Tasikmalaya karst area, Indonesia

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##

PDF
DOI https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230338
Issue
Vol. 23 No. 3 (2022)
Section
Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

ISMA DWI KURNIAWAN ♥
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. Jl. A.H. Nasution No. 105, Cipadung, Cibiru, Bandung 40614, West Java, Indonesia
CAHYO RAHMADI
Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, National Research and Innovation Agency. Jl. Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, West Java, Indonesia
RAHMAT TAUFIK MUSTAHIQ AKBAR
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. Jl. A.H. Nasution No. 105, Cipadung, Cibiru, Bandung 40614, West Java, Indonesia
TATAG BAGUS PUTRA PRAKARSA
Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Jl. Colombo No.1, Karang Malang, Caturtunggal, Depok, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Kurniawan ID, Rahmadi C, Akbar RTM, Prakarsa TBP. 2022. Stygobiotic isopod Stenasellus sp. in Sarongge Jompong cave, Tasikmalaya karst area, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1495-1504. Stenasellus, a stygobiotic isopod, was first reported in Tasikmalaya karst by local cavers in 2018 in Sarongge Jompong Cave. This study aimed to investigate the population, activities, and habitat characteristics of Stenasellus sp. in Sarongge Jompong, Tasikmalaya karst area, Indonesia. Population and activities were recorded through direct intuitive search. We measured several important physicochemical parameters to study habitat characteristics. Statistical analyses-namely Non-metric Multi-dimensional Scaling and Detrended Correspondence Analysis-were conducted to understand the difference in water characteristics among microhabitats and the relation between water characteristics and population size. The results showed that the population was distributed in 4 microhabitats with the maximum observed individuals of 8. Several activities were successfully monitored, including crawling, resting, hiding in crevices, and moving to different locations through the water. All microhabitats were wet gours connected to small water currents located in the dark zone of the cave passage. Water characteristics of microhabitat site 1 were more similar to site 2 and the numbers of individuals in these sites were larger than sites 3 and 4. Among water parameters, resistivity showed the most robust relation with Stenasellus population in which both variables were positively correlated. This correlation indicated that Stenasellus sp. preferred microhabitats with less contamination. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors may potentially threaten the population. The potential threats and conservation challenges need to be identified and mitigated to reduce the risk of biodiversity loss to these isopods, mainly due to their small population size, specific microhabitat, and susceptibility to disturbance. Considering these factors, research on taxonomy will be essential for conservation efforts.

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

References
Akankpo O, Igboekwe MU. 2011. Monitoring Groundwater Contamination Using Surface Electrical Resistivity and Geochemical Methods. Journal of Water Resource and Protection 3:318–24. doi: 10.4236/jwarp.2011.35040.
Atapaththu KSS, Asaeda T, Yamamuro M, Kamiya H. 2017. Effects of Water Turbulence on Plant, Sediment and Water Quality in Reed (Phragmites Australis) Community. Ekologia Bratislava 36(1):1–9. doi: 10.1515/eko-2017-0001.
Baker GM, Taylor SJ, Thomas S, Olson R, Lavoie K, Denn M, Thomas SC, Barton H, Helf KL, Ohms R, Despain J, Kinnedy J, Larson D. 2013. National Park Service Cave Ecology Inventory and Monitoring Frame Work. Proceedings of the 20th Conference National 20 Th Cave and Karst Management Symposium 117–25.
Bakhshi Y, Sadeghi S, Messana G. 2018. First Record of the Family Stenasellidae (Crustacea, Isopoda) in Iran with the Description of a New Cave-Dwelling Species. Subterranean Biology 26:27–38. doi: 10.3897/subtbiol.26.25950.
Beron P. 2015. Comparative Study of the Invertebrate Cave Faunas of Southeast Asia and New Guinea. Historia Naturalis Bulgarica 21:169–210.
Culver DC, Pipan T. 2009. The Biology of Caves and Other Subterranean Habitats. Oxford University Press, New York.
Dirisu AR, Olomukoro JO, Imoobe TOT. 2018. Limnochemical Characterization of Lotic and Lentic Ecosystems in Agbede Wetlands. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 18:585–95. doi: 10.4194/1303-2712-v18.
Duan L, Liu T, Wang X, Luo Y. 2015. Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Water Table and Vegetation Status of a Deserted Area. Water (Switzerland) 7(10):5788–5805. doi: 10.3390/w7105788.
Fernandez-Cortes A, Cuezva S, Sanchez-Moral S, Cañaveras JC, Porca E, Jurado V, Martin-Sanchez PM, Saiz-Jimenez C. 2011. Detection of Human-Induced Environmental Disturbances in a Show Cave. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 18(6):1037–45. doi: 10.1007/s11356-011-0513-5.
Ferreira RL, Prous X, Martins RP. 2007. Structure of Bat Guano Communities in a Dry Brazilian Cave. Tropical Zoology 20(1):55–74.
Ferreira RL. 2019. Guano Communities. In: White WB, Culver DC, Pipan T (eds) Encyclopedia of Caves (Third Edition). Academic Press, Oxford.
Gunn J. 2004. Encyclopedia of Caves and Karst Science. Routledge Taylor and Francis Group, New York.
Gutjahr S, Schmidt SI, Hahn HJ. 2014. A Proposal for a Groundwater Habitat Classification at Local Scale. Subterranean Biology 14(1):25–49. doi: 10.3897/subtbiol.14.5429.
Hervant F, Mathieu J, Barré H. 1999. Comparative Study on the Metabolic Responses of Subterranean and Surface-Dwelling Amphipods to Long-Term Starvation and Subsequent Refeeding. Journal of Experimental Biology 202(24):3587–95. doi: 10.1242/jeb.202.24.3587.
Howarth FG, Moldovan OT. 2018a. The Ecological Classification of Cave Animals and Their Adaptations. In: Moldovan OT, Kovac L, Halse S (eds) Caves Ecology. Springer, Switzerland.
Howarth FG, Moldovan OT. 2018b. Where Cave Animals Live. In: Moldovan OT, Kovac L, Halse S (eds) Caves Ecology. Springer, Switzerland.
Jiang Y, Li Y, Yang G, Zhou X, Wu J, Shi X. 2013. The Application of High-Density Resistivity Method in Organic Pollution Survey of Groundwater and Soil. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 7:932–35. doi: 10.1016/j.proeps.2013.03.011.
Ketmaier V, Messana G, Cobolli M, De Matthaeis E, Argano R. 2000. Biochemical Biogeography and Evolutionary Relationships among the Six Known Populations of Stenasellus Racovitzai (Crustacea, Isopoda) from Tuscany, Corsica and Sardinia. Archiv Fur Hydrobiologie 147:297–309.
Khalaji-pirbalouty V, Fatemi Y, Malek-Hosseini MJ, Kuntner M. 2018. A New Species of Stenasellus Dollfus , 1897 from Iran , with a Key to the Western Asian Species ( Crustacea , Isopoda , Stenasellidae ). ZooKeys 50:39–50. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.766.23239.
Knight LRFD, Brancelj A, Hänfling B, Cheney C. 2015. The Groundwater Invertebrate Fauna of the Channel Islands. Subterranean Biology 15(1):69–94. doi: 10.3897/subtbiol.15.4792.
Kovac L. 2018. Caves as Oligotrophic Ecosystem. In: Moldovan OT, Kovac L, Halse S (eds) Caves Ecology. Springer, Switzerland.
Kurniawan ID, Rahmadi C. 2019. Ekologi Gua Wisata. Graha Ilmu, Yogyakarta.
Kurniawan ID, Rahmadi C, Caraka, RE, Rahman IM, Kinasih I, Toharudin T, Chen RC, Lee Y. 2020. Correspondence between Bats Population and Terrestrial Cave-Dwelling Arthropods Community in Tasikmalaya Karst Area. Communications in Mathematical Biology and Neuroscience 2020(59):1–21. doi: https://doi.org/10.28919/cmbn/4830.
Kurniawan ID, Soesilohadi RCH, Rahmadi C, Caraka RE, Pardamean B. 2018. The Difference on Arthropod Communities’ Structure within Show Caves and Wild Caves in Gunungsewu Karst Area , Indonesia. Ecology, Environment and Conservation 24(1):72–81.
Lauritzen SE. 2018. Physiography of the Caves. In: Moldovan OT, Kovac L, Halse S (eds) Caves Ecology. Springer, Switzerland.
Macud AM, Nuneza OM. 2014. The Diversity of Cave Macro-Invertebrates in Amighty Cave, Tagoloan, Lanao Del Norte, Philippines. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Science 5(3):376–86.
Magniez GJ, Stock J. 2000. Les Stenasellidae (Crustacea, Isopoda, Asellota, Anophtalmes) Des Eaux Souterraines Du Sultanat d’Oman. Beaufortia 50(9):163–183.
Magniez GJ. 1975. Stenasellus kenyensis n. sp. (Crustacea Lsopoda Asellota) Des Eaux Souterraines Du Kenya. International Journal of Speleology 6(4):325–32.
Magniez GJ. 1981. Biogeographical and Paleobiogeographical Problems in Stenasellids (Crustacea Isopoda Asellota of Underground Waters). International Journal of Speleology 11:71–81.
Magniez GJ. 1982. Stenasellus chapmani n. sp. Crustacea Isopoda Asellota Des Eaux Souterraines de Bornéo (Sarawak). International Journal of Speleology 12:1–8. doi: 10.5038/1827-806x.12.1.1.
Magniez GJ. 1987. “Présence de Stenasellidae (Crustacés Isopodes Stygobies) à Sumatra: Stenasellus covillae n.sp. Bulletin Scientifique de Bourgogne 40(1–2):53–59.
Magniez GJ. 2001. Stenasellus stocki n. sp., Nouvel Isopode Stenasellidae Des Eaux Souterraines de Sumatra (Indonésie). Bulletin Mensuel de La Société Linnéenne de Lyon 70(6):159–64. doi: 10.3406/linly.2001.11391.
Magniez GJ. 2002. Stenasellus foresti n.sp., Nouvelle Isopode Ste- Nasellidae Des Eaux Souterraines de Sumatra (Indonésie). Crustaceana 75(3):485–94.
Magniez GJ. 2008. From 1896 to 2008, a Sight of the Stygobitic Family Stenasellidae (Crustacea, Isopoda, Asellota). In Symposium abstracts of the 19th International Symposium of Subterranean Biology, Fremantle (Australia), 21-26 September 2008, Snap Printers, Belmont (Australia), 60.
Magniez GJ, Rahmadi C. 2006. A New Species of the Genus Stenasellus (Crustacea, Isopoda, Asellota, Stenasellidae). Bulletin Mensuel de La Société Linnéenne de Lyon 75(4):173–77. doi: 10.3406/linly.2006.13626.
Malard F, Henry JP, Douady CJ. 2014. The Scientific Contribution of Guy Magniez (1935-2014). Subterranean Biology 13:55–64. doi: 10.3897/subtbiol.13.7412.
Mann SL, Steidl RJ, Dalton VM. 2002. Effects of Cave Tours on Breeding Myotis velifer. Journal of Wildlife Management 66:618–624.
Messana G, Tellini M, Mathieu J, Hervant F. 1999. Behavioural Response to Drought of the Stygobitic Isopod Stenasellus racovitzai (Stenasellidae). Mémoires de Biospéléologie XXVI:71–44.
Messana G, Damme KV, Argano R. 2019. A New Stygobiotic Stenasellus Dollfus, 1897 (Asellota: Stenasellidae) from Socotra Island, Yemen. Zootaxa 4683(4):552–62. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4683.4.5.
Metcalfe I. 2021. Multiple Tethyan Ocean Basins and Orogenic Belts in Asia. Gondwana Research (2021). doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2021.01.012.
Oksanen J, Blanchet FG, Friendly M, Kindt R, Legendre P, McGlinn D, Minchin PR, O’Hara RB, Simpson GL, Solymos P, Stevens MHH, Szoecs E, Wagner H. 2020. Package ‘Vegan.’ Community Ecology Package 1–298. Retrieved August 31, 2021 (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/vegan/vegan.pdf).
Onac BP. 2012. Minerals. In White WB, Culver DC (eds) Encyclopedia of Insect Second Edition. Academic Press, United States.
Pal M, Samal NR, Roy PK, Roy MB. 2015. Electrical Conductivity of Lake Water as Environmental Monitoring – A Case Study of Rudrasagar Lake. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science Ver. I 9(3):66–71. doi: 10.9790/2402-09316671.
Priti, Sahu KK. 2018. Physico-Chemical Chemical Analysis of Lotic and Lentic Water Ecosystems in Samastipur, Bihar, India. International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences 7(1):11–21.
Puspita D, Wibowo AS, Fauzi MR. 2019. The Existence of Stenasellus sp. at Prehistoric Cave Habitation Site in Bukit Bulan Karstic Area, Sarolangun, Jambi. Forum Arkeologi 32(2):63–74.
Rahmadi C. 2008. Cave Fauna of Java. Bogor. Available at: https://www.rufford.org/files/40.11.06 Detailed Final Report.pdf.
Rahmadi C, Harvey MS, Kojima JI. 2011. The Status of the Whip Spider Subgenus Neocharon (Amblypygi: Charontidae) and the Distribution of the Genera Charon and Stygophrynus. Journal of Arachnology 39(2):223–29. doi: 10.1636/CA10-77.1.
Rahmadi C, Suhardjono YR. 2006. Gua-Gua Tumbang Topus, Kalimantan Tengah: Tinjauan Speleologi. Jurnal Gunung Sewu 2(2).
Romero A. 2009. Cave Biology Life in Darkness. Cambridge University Press, New York.
Šebela S, Turk J. 2014. Natural and Anthropogenic Influences on the Year-Round Temperature Dynamics of Air and Water in Postojna Show Cave, Slovenia. Tourism Management 40. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2013.06.011.
Stroj A, Briški M, Oštri? M. 2020. Study of Groundwater Flow Properties in a Karst System by Coupled Analysis of Diverse Environmental Tracers and Discharge Dynamics. Water (Switzerland) 12(9):1–20. doi: 10.3390/w12092442.
Trajano E, Cobolli M. 2012. Evolution of Lineages. In Resh V, Carde R (eds) Encyclopedia of Insect Second Edition. Academic Press, United States.
Wakita K. 1999. Mesozoic Mélange Formation in Indonesia - with Special Reference to Jurassic Mélange of Japan. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia 43(December):19–30. doi: 10.7186/bgsm43199903.
Wilson GDF. 2008. Global Diversity of Isopod Crustaceans ( Crustacea?; Isopoda ) in Freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595:231–40. doi: 10.1007/s10750-007-9019-z.
Zahirovic S, Seton M, Müller RD. 2014. The Cretaceous and Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution of Southeast Asia. Solid Earth 5(1):227–73. doi: 10.5194/se-5-227-2014.