Mangrove ecotourism development at Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Issue
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Abstract. Azzahra PR, Sumarga E, Sholihah A. 2023. Mangrove ecotourism development at Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4457-4468. Karimunjawa National Park (KJNP) is a marine conservation area with a high potential for developing mangrove ecotourism in Indonesia. Several essential aspects should be adequately understood to support mangrove ecotourism in KJNP, including the potential of tourism attractions, the ecological carrying capacity for tourism, the potential support from stakeholders, and the best strategies based on the latest conditions. This study aimed to (i) identify and analyze the potential of mangrove ecotourism attractions in KJNP, (ii) analyze the carrying capacity for mangrove ecotourism, (iii) analyze the level of influence and interest of stakeholders, and (iv) determine strategies for developing mangrove ecotourism in KJNP. The ecotourism attraction potentials were analyzed using a modified version of the assessment of Natural Tourism Attraction Objects (NTAO) (Objek Daya Tarik Wisata Alam – ODTWA). The carrying capacity was analyzed using the Area Carrying Capacity concept. The influence and interest level of stakeholders were analyzed using the economic characteristics of the community and the stakeholder grids. The strategy for developing mangrove ecotourism was determined using Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat (SWOT), and Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) analyses. The results showed that mangrove ecotourism in KJNP is highly potential and feasible to be developed based on the assessment of 15 criteria of NTAO with a carrying capacity of ca. 104 visitors/day. About 96% of the community agrees to support the development of mangrove ecotourism in KJNP. Karimunjawa National Park Office and the local community were identified as essential players from the eight recognizable stakeholders. Seven main strategies were formulated for developing mangrove ecotourism in KJNP, with the improvement of cooperation among stakeholders in developing facilities and tourist attractions and promoting mangrove ecotourism was perceived as the most urgent strategy to be implemented.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
References
Abdillah S, Harahab N, Primyastanto M, Semedi B. 2020. Analysis of suitability and carrying capacity of mangrove ecosystem for ecotourism in Lembar Village, West Lombok District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21 (2): 596-604. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210222.
Armono HD, Rosyid DM, Nuzula NI. 2017. Carrying capacity model applied to coastal ecotourism of Baluran National Park, Indonesia. IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci 79 (1): 012004. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315%2F79%2F1%2F012004.
BPS Central Java. 2022. Central Java Province in Figures 2022. CV Surya Lestari, Semarang. [Indonesian]
BTNKJ. 2017. Karimunjawa National Park Long Term Management Plan 2018-2027. BTNKJ, Semarang. [Indonesian]
BTNKJ. 2019. Interpretation of Karimunjawa National Park mangrove Trekking. BTNKJ, Semarang. [Indonesian]
Butarbutar R, Soemarno S. 2013. Environmental effects of ecotourism in Indonesia. J Indones Tour Dev Stud 1 (3): 97-107. DOI: 10.21776/UB.JITODE.2013.001.03.01.
Constantin CP, Ispas A, Candrea AN. 2022. Examining the relationships between visitors' profile, satisfaction, and revisit intentions: Evidence from Romanian ecotourism destinations. Land 11 (2): 186. DOI: 10.3390/land11020186.
David FR. 2011. Strategic management concepts and cases. Prentice Hall, Bergen.
Day J, Chin N, Sydnor S, Cherkauer K. 2013. Weather, climate, and tourism performance: A quantitative analysis. Tour Manag Perspect 5: 51-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.tmp.2012.11.001.
Directorate General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation. 2003. Guidelines for analysis of operational areas of natural tourism objects and attractions. Jakarta. [Indonesian]
Etikan I, Musa SA, Alkassim RS. 2016. Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. Am J Theor Appl Stat 5 (1): 1-4. DOI: 10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11.
Fafurida F, Oktavilia S, Prajanti SDW, Maretta YA. 2020. Sustainable strategy: Karimunjawa National Park marine ecotourism, Jepara, Indonesia. Intl J Sci Technol Res 9 (3): 3234-3239.
Fennell DA. 2014. Ecotourism. Routledge, Thames. DOI: 10.4324/9780203382110.
Ghorbani A, Raufirad V, Rafiaani P, Azadi H. 2015. Ecotourism sustainable development strategies using SWOT and QSPM model: A case study of Kaji Namakzar Wetland, South Khorasan Province, Iran. Tour Manag Perspect 16: 290-297. DOI: 10.1016/J.TMP.2015.09.005.
Gnansounou SC, Salako KV, Sagoe AA, Mattah PAD, Aheto DW, Glèlè Kakaï R. 2022. Mangrove ecosystem services associated threats and implications for wellbeing in the Mono Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (Togo-Benin), West-Africa. Sustainability 14 (4): 2438. DOI: 10.3390/su14042438.
Graça M, Queirós C, Farinha-Marques P, Cunha M. 2018. Street trees as cultural elements in the city: Understanding how perception affects ecosystem services management in Porto, Portugal. Urban For Urban Green 30: 194-205. DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2018.02.001.
Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry. 2012. Indonesian Ministry of Envirnoment and Forestry Law No P.4/MENHUT-II/2012. IMEF, Jakarta. [Indonesian]
Khan MM, Siddique M, Yasir M, Qureshi MI, Khan N, Safdar MZ. 2022. The significance of digital marketing in shaping ecotourism behavior through destination image. Sustainability 14 (12): 7395. DOI: 10.3390/su14127395.
Kusmana C, Sukristijiono S. 2016. Mangrove resource uses by local community in Indonesia. J Nat Resour Environ Manag 6 (2): 217-217. DOI: 10.29244/jpsl.6.2.217.
Kusmana C. 2015. Technique of Guludan as Method of Planting of Mangrove on Land Flooded with Deep Water. [Scientific Oration of Professor of IPB]. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor. [Indonesian]
Kusmana, C. 2014. Distribution and current status of mangrove forests in Indonesia. In: Faridah-Hanum I, Latiff A, Hakeem KR, Ozturk M (Eds). Mangrove Ecosystems of Asia: Status, Challenges and Management Strategies. DOI:10.1007/978-1-4614-8582-7_3.
Kusnandar VB. 2022. (Revised) Comparison of GRDP Per Capita in Java Island, This is the Lowest Province in 2021. https://databoks.katadata.co.id
Mehvar S, Filatova T, Dastgheib A, van Steveninck ERD, Ranasinghe R. 2018. Quantifying economic value of coastal ecosystem services: A review. J Mar Sci Eng 6 (1): 5. DOI: 10.3390/jmse6010005.
Musa F, Fozi NM, Mohd DD. 2020. Coastal communities' willingness to pay for mangrove ecotourism in Marudu Bay, Sabah, Malaysia. J Sustain Sci Manag 15 (4): 130-140. DOI: 10.46754/jssm.2020.06.013.
Osman T, Shaw D, Kenawy E. 2018. Examining the extent to which stakeholder collaboration during ecotourism planning processes could be applied within an Egyptian context. Land Use Policy 78: 126-137. DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.06.043.
Parker C, Scott S, Geddes A. 2019. Snowball Sampling. SAGE Research Methods Foundations, Thousand Oaks, California. DOI:10.4135/.
Purnomo H, Sulistyantara B, Gunawan A. 2013. Ecotourism business opportunities in the Sempu Island nature reserve area, East Java. J For Soc Econ Res 10 (4): 247-263. DOI: 10.20886/jpsek.2013.10.4.247-263. [Indonesian]
Purwanto S, Syaufina L, Gunawan A. 2014. Study of the potential and carrying capacity of the Bukit Kelam Natural Tourism Park for an ecotourism development strategy. J Nat Resour Environ Manag 4 (2): 119-119. DOI: 10.29244/jpsl.4.2.119. [Indonesian]
Rahayuningsih T, Aminsyah A. 2021. Identification of stakeholders and their roles in ecotourism hazard management in Mount Rinjani National Park. Media Konservasi 26 (1): 28-35. DOI: 10.29244/medkon.26.1.28-35.
Rangkuti F. 2013. SWOT–Balanced Scorecard. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta. [Indonesian]
Ranjith M. 2020. To examine the potential and scope of ecotourism in Kerala with a special focus on tourists to ecotourism destinations in Trivandrum. J Tour Hosp 9 (433): 2167-0269. DOI: 10.35248/2167-0269.20.9.433.
Reed MS, Graves A, Dandy N, Posthumus H, Hubacek K, Morris J, Stringer LC. 2009. Who's in and why? A typology of stakeholder analysis methods for natural resource management. J environ manag 90 (5): 1933-1949. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.01.001.
Rizal A, Dewanti LP. 2017. Using economic values to evaluate management options for fish biodiversity in the Sikakap Strait, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18 (2): 575-581. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d180218.
Saidmamatov O, Matyakubov U, Rudenko I, Filimonau V, Day J, Luthe T. 2020. Employing ecotourism opportunities for sustainability in the Aral Sea Region: Prospects and challenges. Sustainability 12 (21): 9249. DOI: 10.3929/ethz-b-000451359.
Sangpikul A. 2017. Ecotourism impacts on the economy, society, and environment of Thailand. J Rev Glob Econ 6: 302-312. DOI: 10.6000/1929-7092.2017.06.30.
Sentanu IGEPS, Prabowo A, Kumalasari K, Galih AP, Wismanu RE. 2021. Stakeholder collaboration model for ecotourism development in Indonesia: Case study from Batu City East Java Province. J Gov Civ Soc 5 (2): 214-236. DOI: 10.31000/jgcs.v5i2.4420.
Sihombing VS, Karlina E, Garsetiasih R, Rianti A, Sawitri R. 2022. Environment carrying capacity of ecotourism in Aek Nauli Research Forest, Simalungun Regency, North Sumatera. Indones J For Res 9 (2): 147-163. DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2022.9.2.147-163.
Sobhani P, Esmaeilzadeh H, Sadeghi SMM, Marcu MV. 2022. Estimation of ecotourism carrying capacity for sustainable development of protected areas in Iran. Intl J Environ Res Public Health 19 (3): 1059. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031059.
Sumarga E, Suwandhi I, Haitaunnisa Nurahman AY, Susilowardani D, Shadida A. 2021. Disturbances-based plan of delineating protected area's buffer zone: A case study in Masigit Kareumbi Mountain, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22 (11): 5115-5122. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221150.
Sumarga E, Syansudin TS, Rahman SP. 2022. Maintaining carbon storage does not reduce fish production from mangrove-fish pond system: A case study in Coastal Area of Subang District, West Java, Indonesia. Forests 13 (8): 1308. DOI: 10.3390/f13081308.
Swangjang K, Kornpiphat P. 2021. Does ecotourism in a mangrove area at Klong Kone, Thailand, conform to sustainable tourism? A case study using SWOT and DPSIR. Environ Dev Sustain 2021: 1-26. DOI: 10.1007/s10668-021-01313-3.
Yulianda F. 2019. Aquatic Ecotourism: A Concept of Suitability and Carrying Capacity of Marine Tourism and Freshwater Tourism. IPB Press Publisher PT, Bogor. [Indonesian]
Yusnikusumah TR, Sulystiawati E. 2016. Evaluation of ecotourism management in the Tangkahan ecotourism area, Gunung Leuser National Park, North Sumatra. J Reg Urban Plan 27 (3): 173-189. DOI: 10.5614/JRCP.2016.27.3.1.
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- ELHAM SUMARGA, ICHSAN SUWANDHI, HAIRATUNNISA, DWI SUSILOWARDANI, ADENNA YUSKA NURRAHMAN, ASHMA SADIDA, Disturbances-based plan of delineating protected area’s buffer zone: A case study in Masigit Kareumbi Mountain, West Java, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 22 No. 11 (2021)
- ANESHA ALLASSELCIDA, ELHAM SUMARGA, SOFIATIN, Vegetation characteristics of the Javan slow loris habitat in Mount Masigit Kareumbi Protected Area, West Java, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)