Molecular diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical and milk samples
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Issue
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Abstract. Al-Mozan HDK. 2024. Molecular diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical and milk samples. Biodiversitas 25: 2648-2655. The extensive use of antiseptic and disinfectants, which are not free of quaternary ammonium compounds, which has occurred recently, led to the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. The current study aimed to determine the accurate method of identification, the presence of QacE, and QacE?1 genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from milk compared to P. aeruginosa of clinical isolates, and the relationship between the presence of QacE, QacE?1 genes, and multidrug resistance. Therefore, 27 clinical and 34 milk samples were collected and examined by biochemical and molecular methods to detect P. aeruginosa bacteria. Also, a susceptibility test was performed. The results exhibited that 13 (21.3%) isolates were identified as P. aeruginosa using biochemical methods, 8 (13.1%) isolates were identified as P. aeruginosa by molecular method; the QacE and QacE?1 genes were 100% and 83.3% for clinical isolates and 50% and 100%, respectively, for milk isolates. Both isolates showed superior resistance to ceftazidime and vancomycin, but the clinical isolates outperformed the milk isolates by 50% to ciprofloxacin, and imipenem. Clinical isolates were resistant to a greater number of drugs compared to milk isolates. The isolates with the accession numbers (LC805650, LC805652, and LC805651) were registered as new strains. Expression of QacE, QacE?1 genes should be examined to know the true relationship.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
References
Abdullah RM. 2018. Molecular study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance that isolated from wounds and burns treated with disinfectants. A Thesis, Pure Sciences/ Ibn Al-Haitham / University of Baghdad. https://www. researchgate. Net /publication/327905536.
Addis T, Araya S and Desta K. 2021. Occurrence of Multiple, Extensive and Pan Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Carbapenemase Production from Presumptive Isolates Stored in a Biobank at Ethiopian Public Health Institute. Infection and Drug Resistance 14: 3609–3618. https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S327652.
Al-Azzawi SNA 2018. Molecular study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance that isolated from Wounds and burns treated with antiseptics. A thesis submitted to the College of Education For Pure Sciences/ Ibn Al-Haitham / University of Baghdad. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327905536.
Al-badri ATJ. 2021. Characterization and Molecular study to detect Multidrug Resistance Bacteria Isolated from Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Wasit Province (Doctoral dissertation, Ministry of Higher Education). Ministry of Higher Education. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.12971.57121
Al-Bayati SS, Al-Ahmer SD, Shami AM and Al-Azawi AH. 2021. Isolation and identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from clinical samples. Biochem Cell Arch 21: 3931-3935.DocID: https:// connectjournals. com/03896. 2021. 21.3931. ISSN 0972-5075, eISSN 0976-1772
Al-Daamy AAK. 2023. Isolation and Diagnosis of Resistant Bacteria from Pregnant Women with Urinary Tract Infections in Karbala. Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Cancer Research 8: 620-628. doi10.30699/jogcr.8.6.620.
Al-Hilali RMD and Al-Mozan HDK. 2023. Molecular detection and probiotic treatment for bacteria that cause diarrhea. International Quarterly Journal of Biological Sciences 10:118-123. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Al-Mozan HDK. 2023. Gene of 16S rRNA is the gold standard to diagnose bacteria. World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research 5: 139-148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37022/wjcmpr.v5i4.283.
Alyousif NA. 2021. Enhancing the Production of Biosurfactant Rhamnolipid Produced by Recombinant Environmental Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A thesis submitted to College of Science, University of Basrah .
Atia RM, Mohamed HA, Abo ElRoos NA and Awad DAB. 2022. Incidence of Pseudomonas species and effect of their virulence factors on milk and milk products. Benha Veterinary Medical Journal 42: 1-5. DOI 10.21608/bvmj.2022.103086.1481.
Bashir S, Awan MS, Khan SA, Suthar V, Khan MM and Khan MT 2014. Microbiological Quality Evaluation of Raw milk consumed in and around Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Intl. J. Microbial Res 5:112-116. DOI: 10.5829/idosi.ijmr.2014.5.2.83287.
Bhardwaj S, Bhatia S, Singh S and Jr FF. 2020. Growing emergence of drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and attenuation of its virulence using quorum sensing inhibitors: A critical review. Iran J Basic Med Sci 24:699-719. doi: 10.22038/IJBMS.2021.49151.11254.
Bhuiya M, Sarkar M.I, Sohag MH, Ali H, Roy CK, Akther L and Sarker AF. 2018. Enumerating antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from different sources in Dhaka city. Open Microbiol J 12:172-180. DOI: 10.2174/1874285801812010172
Boyce JM. 2023. Quaternary ammonium disinfectants and antiseptics: tolerance, resistance and potential impact on antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control 12:32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-023-01241-z.
Carlie SM, Boucher CE and Bragg RR. 2020. Molecular basis of bacterial disinfectant resistance. Drug Resistance Updates 48: 100672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drup.2019.100672.
CLSI . 2023. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 33rd edition. www.clsi.org.stanard@clsi.org.
Collee JG, Mackie TJ and McCartney JE. 1996. Practical medical microbiology. Harcourt Health Sciences.
Corti S, Sicher D, Regli W and Stephan R. 2003. Current data on antibiotic resistance of the most important bovine mastitis pathogens in Switzeerland. Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilkd., 145: 571-575. doi: 10.1024/0036-7281.145.12.571.
Dabiri H, Jonaidi N and Dahi K. 2007. Distribution of the antiseptic –resistance gens qaE?1 in 331 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in china. Elsevier Ltd 93095pp.
Decimo M, Silvetti T and Brasca M. 2016. Antibiotic resistance patterns of Gram-negative psychrotrophic bacteria from bulk tank milk. J. Food Sci. 81: M944–M951. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.13250.
Delphine D, Muriel N, Clarisse P, Alain, D, Emilie B, Gerard H and Jean-Lue G. 2008. Molecular typing of industrial strains of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from milk and genetical and biochemical characterization of an extracellular protease produced by one of them. Inter.J. F. Microbiol 2: 188–196. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.04.004.
Diggle SP and Whiteley M. 2020. Microbe Profile: Pseudomonas aeruginosa: opportunistic pathogen and lab rat. Microbiology 166:30–33. DOI 10.1099/mic.0.000860.
Dubois V, Arpin C, Melon M, Melon B, Andre´ C, Frigo C and Quentin C. 2001. Nosocomial outbreak due to a multi resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa P12: Efficacy of Cefepime - Amikacin therapy and analysis of ?-lactam resistance. J Clin. Microbiol 39: 2072–2078. doi: 10.1128/JCM.39.6.2072-2078.2001.
Emmanuel EO, Etinosa OI, Raphael M, Bright I, Clara L.I and Anthony I O. 2012 . Prevalence of Multiple Antibiotic Resistant (MAR) Pseudomonas species in the final effluents of three municipal waste water treatment facilities in south Africa. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 9: 2092-2107. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9062092.
Fujitani S, Moffett KS, Yu V. 2017. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrobe: infectious Disease & Antimicrobial Agents,. Available from: http://www.antimicrobe.org/new/b112.asp.
Garedew L, Berhanu A, Mengesha D and tesgay G 2012. Identification of gram-negative bacteria from critical control points of raw and pasteurized cow milk consumed at Gondar town and its suburbs, Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 12:950. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/12/950.
Gomi R, Matsuda T, Matsumura Y, Yamamoto M, Tanaka M, Ichiyama S et al. 2017. Whole-genome analysis of antimicrobial-resistant and extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli in river water. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 83: e02703-16. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02703-16.
Hasan SA, Najati AM and Abass KS. 2019. Isolation and identification of multi-drug resistant “pseudomonas aeruginosa” from burn wound infection in Kirkuk City, Iraq. Eurasia J Biosci13:1045-1050.
Hassuna N A, Ibrahim AH, AboEleuoon SM and Rizk HAW. 2015. High prevalence of Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa recovered from Infected Burn Wounds in children. Med Pub J 6: 1-7. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286443866.
Helal ZH and khan MI. 2015. QacE and QacE?1 Genes and their correlation to Antibiotics and Biocides Resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa Am J Biomed Sci 7: 52-62. doi: 10.5099/aj150200052.
Hong JS, Yoon E-J, Lee H, Jeong SH and Lee K. 2016. Clonal dissemination of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sequence type 235 isolates carrying bla IMP-6 and emergence of bla GES-24 and bla IMP-10 on novel genomic islands PAGI-15 and -16 in South Korea. Antimicrob Agents Chemother., 60: 7216–7223. doi:10.1128/AAC.01601-16.
Ilmjärv T, Naanuri E and Kivisaar M. 2017. Contribution of increased mutagenesis to the evolution of pollutants-degrading indigenous bacteria. PLOS ONE 12: e0182484. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182484.
Javaid M and Rashid M. 2018. Phenotypic Characterization of Listeria ivanovii in Sheep in Jammu Region of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 7: 3762–3768. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.703.435.
Jawher IM and Hassan MG. 2023. Antibiotics resistance patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from meat at Mosul city retails. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences 37: 363-367. DOI: 10.33899/ijvs.2022.133961.2322.
Karami P, Mohajeri P, Mashouf RY, et al. 2019. Molecular characterization of clinical and environmental Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in a burn center. Saudi J Biol Sci 26:1731–1736. doi:10.1016/j. sjbs.2018.07.009.
Lavilla LL, Benomar N, Casado Muñoz MC, Gálvez A and Abriouel H 2014. Antibiotic multi resistance analysis of mesophilic and psychrotrophic Pseudomonas spp: Isolated from goat and lamb slaughterhouse surfaces throughout the meat production process. Appl Environ Microbiol 80:6792-806. DOI: 10.1128/aem.01998-14.
Lyczak JB, Cannon CL and Pier GB. 2002. Lung Infections Associated with Cystic Fibrosis. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 15(2): 194-222. doi: 10.1128/CMR.15.2.194-222.2002.
Mahdi RJ. 2020. Detection of some virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from burn's patients and their surrounding environment and the biological activity of some extracts on it. A thesis submitted to college of Science, University of Basrah.
Mahzounieh M, Khoshnood SH, Ebrahimi A, Habibian S and Yaghoubian M. 2014. Detection of Antiseptic-Resistance Gene in Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter spp. isolated from burn patients. Junelishapur J Not Pharm prod 9:e15402. doi: 10.17795/jjnpp-15402.
Meng L, Liu H, Lan T, Dong, L, Hu H, Zhao S, Zhang Y Zheng, N and Wang J. 2020. Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Pseudomonas spp. Isolated From Raw Milk Revealed by Whole Genome Sequencing. Frontiers in Microbiology 11:1-10. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01005.
Migiyama Y, Yanagihara K, Kaku N, Harada Y, Yamada K and Nagaoka K 2016. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteremia among immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients: Relation to initial antibiotic therapy and survival. Jpn J Infect Dis 69:91-96. DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2014.573.
Mitiku M, Ali S and Kibru G. 2014. Antimicrobial drug resistance and disinfectants susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from clinical and enviromental samples in Jimma University Specialized Hospital , South west Ethiopia.Ajbls 2:40-45. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20140202.12.
Miyoshi T, Iwatsuki T and Naganuma T. 2005. Phylogenetic characterization of 16S rRNA gene clones from deep-groundwater microorganisms that pass through 0.2-micrometer-pore-size filters. Appl Environ microbiol 71: 1084-1088. doi: 10.1128/AEM.71.2.1084-1088.2005.
Nelson C and Reginald A. 2007. Antimicrobial properties of extracts of Allium cepa (Onion) and Zingiber officinale (Ginger) on E. coli, Salmonella typhi and Bacillus subtilis. Internet J Trop Med 3: 85-89. DOI:10.5580/1f5e.
Ochoa SA, Lopez-Montiel F, Escalona G, Cruz-Cordova A, Davila LB, Lopez-Martinez B, Jimenez-Tapia Y, Giono S, Eslava C, Hernandez-Castro R and Xicohtencati-Cortes J. 2013 . Pathgenic characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strians resistance to carbapenems associated with biofilm formation. J Bol Med Hosp Infant 70: 133-144. www.medigraphic.org.mx
Qazangi MO and Jabr AH 2017. Molecular Biology. 1th Edition, Iraq, University of Baghdad – Science of Agriculture. www.bookstore-mohesr .gov.iq.
Qazangi MOM 2017. Practical experiments in microbiology. 1th Edition, Iraq, University of Baghdad – Science of Agriculture. www.bookstore-mohesr. gov.iq.
Qin S, Xiao W, Zhou C, Pu Q, Deng X, Lan L, Liang H, Song X and Wu M. 2022. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: pathogenesis, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, interaction with host, technology advances and emerging therapeutics. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 7:199. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-022-01056-1.
Saleh ZF, Mohamed BJ and Jawad MS. 2016. Isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and molecular detection of bla-OXA gene of the bacteria from milk of mastitis cattle and from the wounds of the udder. AL-Qadisiya Journal of Vet Med Sci 15:29-33.
Shahat H, Mohamed H, Abd Al-Azeem M and Nasef S. 2019. Molecular detection of some virulence genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from chicken embryos and broilers with regard to disinfectant resistance. SVU-Int J Vet Sci 2:52-70. DOI: 10.21608/svu.2019.12365.1011.
Shamkhi GK and Khudaier BY. 2020. Isolation and molecular identification of MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa from animals and patients in Basrah province. Bas J Vet Res 19: 62-75. DOI: 10.23975/bjvetr.2020.174153.
Shukla S and Mishra P. 2015. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection in broiler chicks in Jabalpur. Int J Ext Res 6:37-39. http://www.journalijer.com
Swetha CS, Jagadeesh BA, Venkateswara RK, Bharathy S, Supriya RA and Madhava RT. 2017. A study on the antimicrobial resistant patterns of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa isolated from raw milk samples in and around Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. Asian J. Dairy & Food Res, 36: 100-105. DOI: 10.18805/ajdfr.v36i02.7951.
Tsao LH, Hsin CY, Liu HY, Chuang HC, Chen LY and Lee YJ. 2018. Risk factors for healthcare- associated infection caused by carbapenem: Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 51: 359-66. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2017.08.015.
Vaez H, Safei H G and Faghri J. 2017. The emergence of multidrug-resistant clone ST664 Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a referral burn hospital, Isfahan, Iran. Burns and Truma, 5: 27. doi: 10.1186/s41038-017-0092-x.
Von Neubeck M, Baur C, Krewinkel M, Stoeckel M, Kranz B, Stressler T et al. 2015. Biodiversity of refrigerated raw milk microbiota and their enzymatic spoilage potential. Int J Food Microbiol 211: 57–65. doi: 10.1016/ j.ijfoodmicro.2015.07.001.
Wetha CSS, Babu AJ, Rao KV, Bharathy S, Supriya RA and Rao TM. 2017. A study on the antimicrobial resistant patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from raw milk samples in and around Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. Asian J Dairy & Food Res 36(2): 100-105. DOI: 10.18805/ajdfr.v36i02.7951.