Mountain tourism impact on bird diversity along hiking trails of Mount Prau, Central Java, Indonesia
Article Sidebar
Abstract Views: 505
File Views: 36
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract. Abdullah M, Hakim L, Siswanto D, Setyowati DL. 2024. Mountain tourism impact on bird diversity along hiking trails of Mount Prau, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4690-4698. Hiking represents a significant dimension of mountain tourism and has gained considerable popularity among travelers. Unfortunately, the perception of hiking activities as a form of mass tourism raises significant concerns regarding potential environmental degradation and the threats posed to biodiversity in mountainous regions. Birds are organisms that are sensitive to human activities. Therefore, a critical component for assessing the impact of mountain tourism on biodiversity is to analyze the diversity of bird species on several hiking trails. This study aims to examine the differences in bird species diversity on several hiking trails with different visitor frequencies on Mount Prau, Indonesia. Surveys for bird observations were conducted systematically using the Variable Circular Plot (VCP) method along the hiking trail. Bird species diversity data were analyzed to obtain Margalef's species richness index, Shannon diversity index, and Pielou's evenness index. In addition, correspondence analysis was also used to see the differences in the composition of bird community species on different hiking trails. Trails with high visitor preferences showed lower species richness, diversity, and evenness indices than rarely visited trails. Ordination analysis showed a clear grouping of bird communities based on species composition between highly visited and less visited routes. Less frequented Mount Prau trails host diverse endemics and high conservation status birds, while heavily frequented trails show reduced diversity. This finding confirms the negative impact of mountain tourism on bird biodiversity in the mountain area. This also signifies the need for a conservation strategy to balance mountain tourism with biodiversity conservation in Mount Prau. It should be able to limit the number of visitors, control access in sensitive areas, and involve methods of ecotourism that would favor wildlife.
Article Details
Issue
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Bandak, S., Sarno, R., Peterson, M., Farkas, D., & Grigione, M. (2020). Active Humans, Inactive Carnivores, and Hiking Trails within a Suburban Preserve. Suburban Sustainability, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.5038/2164-0866.6.1.1032
Bateman, P. W., & Fleming, P. A. (2017). Are negative effects of tourist activities on wildlife over-reported? A review of assessment methods and empirical results. Biological Conservation, 211(August 2016), 10–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.05.003
Blake, J. G., Mosquera, D., Loiselle, B. A., Romo, D., Swing, K., Blake, J. G., Mosquera, D., Loiselle, B. A., Romo, D., & Swing, K. (2017). Effects of human traffic on use of trails by mammals in lowland forest of eastern Ecuador. Neotropical Biodiversity, 3(01), 57–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2017.1292756
Bötsch, Y., Tablado, Z., Scherl, D., Kéry, M., Graf, R F., & Jenni, L. (2018). Effect of Recreational Trails on Forest Birds: Human Presence Matters. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2018.00175
Brandt, J S., & Buckley, R. (2018). A global systematic review of empirical evidence of ecotourism impacts on forests in biodiversity hotspots. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2018.04.004
Brandt, J S., Radeloff, V C., Allendorf, T D., Butsic, V., & Roopsind, A. (2019). Effects of ecotourism on forest loss in the Himalayan biodiversity hotspot based on counterfactual analyses. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13341
Burung Indonesia. (1993). Important Bird Areas in Asia - Indonesia. Wildlife Conservation, 700, 47–52.
Canteiro, M., Córdova-Tapia, F., & Brazeiro, A. (2018). Tourism impact assessment: A tool to eval_uate the environmental impacts of touristic activities in Natural Protected Areas. Tourism Management Perspectives, 28, 220–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TMP.2018.09.007
Eadens, L. M., Jacobson, S. K., Stein, T. V., Confer, J. J., Gape, L., & Sweeting, M. (2009). Stakeholder mapping for recreation planning of a Bahamian National Park. Society and Natural Resources, 22(2), 111–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920802191696
Francis, C. D., & Ortega, C. P. (2009). Report Noise Pollution Changes Avian Communities and Species Interactions. Current Biology, 19(16), 1415–1419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.06.052
Garima & Chandra, T. (2021). Sustainable Strategies for Management of Protected Areas-case of Okhla Bird Sanctuary, Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/796/1/012074
Hesler, K., & Corbit, A. G. (2018). The Impact of Human Traffic on Wildlife Abundance on a Recreational Trail System in Southeastern Tennessee. Research in Biology, 1–17. https://knowledge.e.southern.edu/research_bio/9%0AThis
Ibáñez-Álamo, J. D., Morelli, F., Benedetti, Y., Rubio, E., Jokimäki, J., Pérez-Contreras, T., Sprau, P., Suhonen, J., Tryjanowski, P., Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki, M. L., Møller, A. P., & Díaz, M. (2020). Biodiversity within the city: Effects of land sharing and land sparing urban development on avian diversity. Science of the Total Environment, 707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135477
Khan, R. U., Gabol, K., Khan, A., Sadam, A., Panhwar, W. A., Ullah, H., Ali, M., Khan, G. B., & Ul Hassan, H. (2024). Avian Diversity and its Associated Threats in Gharo Creek, District Thatta, Sindh, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 56(2), 725–732. https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20210913070932
Marion, J. L. (2019). Impacts to Wildlife: Managing Visitors and Resources to Protect Wildlife, March 2019, Edition One. Interagency Visitor Use Management Council, March 2019, 1–18.
Noriega, J. A., Santos-santos, J. H., Noriega, J. A., & Lopera, A. (2020). Does ecotourism impact biodiversity? An assessment using dung beetles (Coleoptera?: Scarabaeinae ) as bioindicator. Ecological Indicator.
Posa, M. R. C., & Sodhi, N. S. (2006). Effects of anthropogenic land use on forest birds and butterflies in Subic Bay, Philippines. Biological Conservation, 129(2), 256–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.10.041
Putri, I A., Ansari, F., & Susilo, A. (2019). Response of Bird Community Toward Tourism Activities in the Karst Area of Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008x.2019.1631725
Rombang, W. M & Rudyanto (1999) Direktorat Jenderal PHKADaerah Penting bagi Burung di Jawa dan Bali [Important Bird Areas in Java]. Bogor, Indonesia: Direktorat Jenderal PHKA and BirdLife International Indonesia Programme. [In Indonesian]
Santarém, F. da C. (2013). Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Hiking Trails in Castro Laboreiro. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/bitstream/10216/70782/2/24159.pdf
Storni, A., de Paiva, P. M. V., Bernal, R., & Peralta, N. (2007). eval_uation of the impact on fauna caused by the presence of ecotourists on trails of the mamirauá sustainable development reserve, Amazonas, Brazil. Tourism and Hospitality, Planning and Development, 4(1), 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790530701275688
Tu, H. M., Fan, M. W., & Ko, J. C. J. (2020). Different Habitat Types Affect Bird Richness and Evenness. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58202-4
World Tourism Organization (2018), Sustainable Mountain Tourism – Opportunities for Local Communities,UNWTO, Madrid, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284420261
Xu, J., Lü, Y., Chen, L., & Liu, Y. (2009). Contribution of tourism development to protected area management: Local stakeholder perspectives. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 16(1), 30–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504500902757189