Convergent evolution of sexual dimorphism in species of the family Dolichopodidae (Diptera)
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Abstract. Chursina MA. 2019. Convergent evolution of sexual dimorphism in species of the family Dolichopodidae (Diptera). Biodiversitas 20: 2480-2485. In this study, we investigated patterns of sexual dimorphism in four dolichopodid species namely Dolichopus acuticornis Wiedemann, 1817, D. longicornis Stannius, 1831, Rhaphium appendiculatum Zetterstedt, 1849, and R. caliginosum Meigen, 1824 that are exhibiting similar patterns of sexual dimorphism. Although they are distantly related, males of all these species exhibit similar sexual dimorphic characters in term of elongation of postpedicel. A comparison of variation made it possible to assumed that although sexual selection acts differently, all four species exhibited similar patterns of sexual dimorphism in wings and legs; females possessed relatively widened wing and elongated fore and hind femora than males. Cluster analysis for the morphometry data demonstrated that the differences between sexes significantly exceeds the differences between species. These results may reflect the presence of some conservative genetic structure of covariation among characters.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Bernasconi MV, Pollet M, Varini–Ooijen M, Ward PI. 2007b. Phylogeny of European Dolichopus and Gymnopternus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) and the significance of morphological characters inferred from molecular data. Eur J Entomol 104: 601-607. DOI: 10.14411/eje.2007.075
Bookstein FL. 1991. Morphometric Tools for Landmark Data: Geometry and Biology. University Press, Cambridge.
Bonduriansky R. 2006. Convergent evolution of sexual dimorphism in Diptera. J Morphol 267: 602-611. DOI: 10.1111/evo.12100
Chursina MA, Negrobov OP. 2018. Phylogenetic signal of the wing shape in the subfamily Dolichopodinae (Diptera, Dolichopodidae). Ent Rev 98: 515-527. DOI: 10.7868/S0044513418060041
Emlen DJ, Nijhout HF. 2000. The development and evolution of exaggerated morphologies in insects. Annu Rev Entomol 45: 661-708.
Grichanov IYa, Brooks SE. 2017. Dolichopodidae (Long-legged flies). In: Kirk-Spriggs AH, Sinclair BJ (eds). Manual of Afrotropical Diptera. Volume 2. Nematocerous Diptera and lower Brachycera. Suricata 5. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.
Hammer O. 2001. PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis. Palaeontol Electron 4:1-9.
Klingenberg CP. 2011. MorphoJ: an integrated software package for geometric morphometrics. Mol Ecol Resour 11: 353-357. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02924.x.
Klingenberg CP, McIntyre GS. 1998. Geometric morphometrics of developmental instability: analyzing patterns of fluctuating asymmetry with Procrustes methods. Evolution 52: 1363-1375. DOI: 10.2307/2411306
Land MF. 1993. Chasing and pursuit in the dolichopodid fly Poecilibothrus nobilitatus. J Comp Physiol 173: 605-613.
Mantel N. 1967. The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach. Cancer Res 27: 209-220.
Negrobov OP, Chursina MA, Selivanova OV. 2015. Antennal morphology in the family Dolichopodidae (Diptera). J Insect Biodiv 3: 1-10. DOI: 10.12976/jib/2015.3.8
Rohlf FJ. 2013a. TpsUtil, file utility program. version 1.60. Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook.
Rohlf FJ. 2013b. TpsDig2, digitize landmarks and outlines, version 2.17. Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook.
Sivinski J. 1997. Ornaments in the Diptera. Fla Entomol 80: 142-164.
Stackelberg AA. 1933. 29. Dolichopodidae. In: Lindner E (ed). Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart.
Stubbs A. 1988. Courtships of Dolichopus plumipes (Scop) Dolichopodidae). Dipt Dig 1: 43.
Vasiliev AG, Vasilyeva IA, Shkurikhin AO. 2018. Geometric morphometry. From theory to practice. KMK, Moscow (in Russian).
Wilkinson and Dodson, 1996. Function and evolution of antlers and eye stalks in flies. In: Choe J, Crespi B (eds). The evolution of mating systems in insects and arachnids. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Zelditch ML, Swiderski DL, Sheets HD. 2004. Geometric morphometrics for biologists: a primer. Acad. Press. Elsevier.
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- MARIYA ALEXANDROVNA CHURSINA, ALEXANDER BORISOVICH RUCHIN, A checklist of Bombyliidae (Diptera) from Mordovia, Russia and variation of wing shape in Bombylius species , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 19 No. 6 (2018)