Survival and root structure changes of rice seedlings in different cultivars under submergence condition
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Abstract. Rachmawati D, Maryani MM, Kusumadewi S, Rahayu F. 2019. Survival and root structure changes of rice seedlings in different cultivars under submergence condition. Biodiversitas 20: 3011-3017. Submergence affects plant growth and fitness in natural and agricultural ecosystem. Plant survival to submergence is strongly influenced by the water level and duration of submergence. The objective of this study was to determine the survivalysiological and root anatomical changes of two rice cultivars seedlings to submergence The experiment used completely randomized design with three factors, cultivar (IR-64’ and ‘Inpara 5’), depth and duration of submergence. Depth of submergence consisted of 3 levels: without, partial and complete submergence. Fourteen days old seedlings were treated for 5, 10 and 15 days of submergence. The observed parameters were seedling survival, chlorophyll content, soluble sugar and starch content, plant biomass, and root anatomical structure. The results showed that seedlings survival of ‘IR-64’ and ‘Inpara 5’ decreased by increasing depth and duration of submergence. Increasing depth of submergence decreased chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content and plant biomass. Anatomically, depth and duration of submergence showed a greater increased in root cortex thickness, aerenchyma tissue diameter and the percentage of cortex to be aerenchyma of rice ‘IR-64’ and ‘Inpara 5’. Fifteen days of complete submergence significantly decreased seedlings survival and increased the diameter of aerenchyma in both ‘IR-64’ and ‘Inpara 5’.
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References
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Colmer TD, Voesenek LAC. 2009. Flooding tolerance: suites of plant traits in variable environments. Funct Plant Biol 36: 665-681.
Das KK, Sarkar RK, Ismail AM. 2005. Elongation ability and non-structural carbohydrate levels in relation to submergence tolerance in rice. Plant Science (168): 131–136. doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.07.023.
Das KK, Panda D, Sarkar RK, Reddy JN, Ismail AM. 2009. Submergence tolerance in relation to variable floodwater conditions in rice. Environ Exp Bot 66: 425-434.
De Souza TC, de Castro EM, Pereira EJ, Parentoni SN, Magalhaens PC. 2009. Morpho-anatomical characterization of root reccurent selection cycles for flood tolerance of Maize (Zea mays L.). Plant Soil Environ 55 (11): 504-510.
Hairmansis A, Supartopo, Kustianto B, Suwarno, Pane H. 2012. Perakitan dan pengembangan kultivar knggul karu padi toleran tendaman tir INPARA 4 dan INPARA 5 untuk daerah rawan banjir. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian 31(1): 1-7. [Indonesian]
Hairmansis A, Yullianida, Supartopo, Jamil A, Suwarno. 2017. Variability of upland rice genotypes response to low light intensity. Biodiversitas 18(3):1122-1129.
Huang X, Shabala S, Shabala L. 2015. Linking waterlogging tolerance with Mn2+ toxicity: a case study for barley. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 17: 26–33.
Kawano N, Ito O, Sakagami J. 2009. Morphological and physiological responses of rice seedlings to complete submergence (flash flooding). Annals of Botany 103(2), 161-169. doi:10.1093/aob/mcn171.
Loreti E, van Veen H, Perata P. 2016. Plant responses to flooding stress. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 33:64–71
Luo F. Nagel KA, Scharr H, Zeng B, Schurr U, Matsubara S. 2011. Recovery dynamics of growth, photosynthesis and carbohydrate accumulation after de-submergence: a comparison between two wetland plants showing escape and quiscence strategies. Annals of Botany 107: 49-63
Panda D, Sarkar RK. 2014. Mechanism associated with nonstructural carbohydrate accumulation in submergence tolerant rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Journal of Plant Interactions 9 (1): 62-68.
Parent C. Nicolas C. Audrey B, Michele C, James FD. 2008. An overview of plant responses to soil waterlogging. Plant Stress. 2(1): 20-27
Perata P, Amstrong W, Voesenek LACJ. 2011. Plant and Flooding Stress. New Phytologist 190:269-273.
Phukan UJ, Mishra S, Shukla RK. 2016. Waterlogging and submergence stress: affects and acclimation. Crit Rev Biotechnol 36(5): 956–966.
Pourabdal I, Heidary R, Farboodnia T. 2008. Effects of three different flooding periods on some anatomical, morphological and biochemical changings in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 7: 90–94.
Pramanik MHR, Shelley IJ, Adhikary D, Islam MO. 2016. Carbohydrate reserve and aerenchyma formation enhance submergence tolerance in rice. Progressive Agriculture 27 (3): 256-264.
Roslim, Rahmi A, Herman. Response of rice reedlings (Oryza sativa L.) from Bengkalis, Riau to salt stress. 2015. Biosaintifika 7 (1): 55-63.
Sauter M. 2013. Root responses to flooding. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 16: 282-286.
Singh S, Mackill DJ, Ismail AM. 2014. Physiological basis of tolerance to complete submergence in rice involves genetic factors in addition to the SUB1 gene. AoB PLANTS. 6:1-20. doi:10.1093/aobpla/plu060.
Sone C, Sakagami J. 2017. Physiological mechanism of mhlorophyll breakdown for leaves under complete submergence in rice. Crop Science 57(5): 2729-2738.
Tejakhod S, Richard HE, Hammond JP. 2015. The Effect of Submergence on rice seed quality. Procedia Environmental Sciences 29: 139. doi: 10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.227
Visser EJW, Heijink CJ, Van Hout KJGM, Voesenek LACJ, Barendse GWM, Blom, CWPM. 1995. Regulatory role of auxin in adventitious root formation in two species of Rumex, differing in their sensitivity to waterlogging. Physiologia Plantarum 93:116-122.
Voesenek LA, Bailey-Serres J. 2013. Flooding tolerance: O2 sensing and survival strategies. Curr Opin Plant Biol 16: 647–53.
Yoshida S, Forno D, Cock J, Gomez KA. 1976. Laboratory manual for physiological studies of rice. IRRI. Los Banos. Philipines. pp. 46-49.
Bianchini E, Medri ME, Pimeta JA, Giloni PC, Kolb RM, Correa GT. 2000. Anatomical alternation in plants of Chorisia speciosa A.St.Hill submitted to flooding. Interciencia 25(9): 436-441.
Colmer TD, Voesenek LAC. 2009. Flooding tolerance: suites of plant traits in variable environments. Funct Plant Biol 36: 665-681.
Das KK, Sarkar RK, Ismail AM. 2005. Elongation ability and non-structural carbohydrate levels in relation to submergence tolerance in rice. Plant Science (168): 131–136. doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.07.023.
Das KK, Panda D, Sarkar RK, Reddy JN, Ismail AM. 2009. Submergence tolerance in relation to variable floodwater conditions in rice. Environ Exp Bot 66: 425-434.
De Souza TC, de Castro EM, Pereira EJ, Parentoni SN, Magalhaens PC. 2009. Morpho-anatomical characterization of root reccurent selection cycles for flood tolerance of Maize (Zea mays L.). Plant Soil Environ 55 (11): 504-510.
Hairmansis A, Supartopo, Kustianto B, Suwarno, Pane H. 2012. Perakitan dan pengembangan kultivar knggul karu padi toleran tendaman tir INPARA 4 dan INPARA 5 untuk daerah rawan banjir. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian 31(1): 1-7. [Indonesian]
Hairmansis A, Yullianida, Supartopo, Jamil A, Suwarno. 2017. Variability of upland rice genotypes response to low light intensity. Biodiversitas 18(3):1122-1129.
Huang X, Shabala S, Shabala L. 2015. Linking waterlogging tolerance with Mn2+ toxicity: a case study for barley. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 17: 26–33.
Kawano N, Ito O, Sakagami J. 2009. Morphological and physiological responses of rice seedlings to complete submergence (flash flooding). Annals of Botany 103(2), 161-169. doi:10.1093/aob/mcn171.
Loreti E, van Veen H, Perata P. 2016. Plant responses to flooding stress. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 33:64–71
Luo F. Nagel KA, Scharr H, Zeng B, Schurr U, Matsubara S. 2011. Recovery dynamics of growth, photosynthesis and carbohydrate accumulation after de-submergence: a comparison between two wetland plants showing escape and quiscence strategies. Annals of Botany 107: 49-63
Panda D, Sarkar RK. 2014. Mechanism associated with nonstructural carbohydrate accumulation in submergence tolerant rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Journal of Plant Interactions 9 (1): 62-68.
Parent C. Nicolas C. Audrey B, Michele C, James FD. 2008. An overview of plant responses to soil waterlogging. Plant Stress. 2(1): 20-27
Perata P, Amstrong W, Voesenek LACJ. 2011. Plant and Flooding Stress. New Phytologist 190:269-273.
Phukan UJ, Mishra S, Shukla RK. 2016. Waterlogging and submergence stress: affects and acclimation. Crit Rev Biotechnol 36(5): 956–966.
Pourabdal I, Heidary R, Farboodnia T. 2008. Effects of three different flooding periods on some anatomical, morphological and biochemical changings in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 7: 90–94.
Pramanik MHR, Shelley IJ, Adhikary D, Islam MO. 2016. Carbohydrate reserve and aerenchyma formation enhance submergence tolerance in rice. Progressive Agriculture 27 (3): 256-264.
Roslim, Rahmi A, Herman. Response of rice reedlings (Oryza sativa L.) from Bengkalis, Riau to salt stress. 2015. Biosaintifika 7 (1): 55-63.
Sauter M. 2013. Root responses to flooding. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 16: 282-286.
Singh S, Mackill DJ, Ismail AM. 2014. Physiological basis of tolerance to complete submergence in rice involves genetic factors in addition to the SUB1 gene. AoB PLANTS. 6:1-20. doi:10.1093/aobpla/plu060.
Sone C, Sakagami J. 2017. Physiological mechanism of mhlorophyll breakdown for leaves under complete submergence in rice. Crop Science 57(5): 2729-2738.
Tejakhod S, Richard HE, Hammond JP. 2015. The Effect of Submergence on rice seed quality. Procedia Environmental Sciences 29: 139. doi: 10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.227
Visser EJW, Heijink CJ, Van Hout KJGM, Voesenek LACJ, Barendse GWM, Blom, CWPM. 1995. Regulatory role of auxin in adventitious root formation in two species of Rumex, differing in their sensitivity to waterlogging. Physiologia Plantarum 93:116-122.
Voesenek LA, Bailey-Serres J. 2013. Flooding tolerance: O2 sensing and survival strategies. Curr Opin Plant Biol 16: 647–53.
Yoshida S, Forno D, Cock J, Gomez KA. 1976. Laboratory manual for physiological studies of rice. IRRI. Los Banos. Philipines. pp. 46-49.
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