Induced resistance by Bacillus subtilis on oil palm seedling infected by Ganoderma boninense
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Abstract. Puspita F, Hadiwiyono, Poromorto S. H, Roslim D. I. 2020. Induced resistance by Bacillus subtilis on Ganoderma boninense infected oil palm seedling. Biodiversitas 21: 28-33. Basal Stem Rot (BSR) caused by Ganoderma boninense Pat is the most important disease in oil palm plantations. The use of biological resistance inducer is a promising alternative disease-control. The research evaluated the potential and mechanism of endophytic Bacillus subtilis as resistance inducer agent of oil palm seedlings to infection of G. boninense. The Experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design consisting of 4 treatments and 3 replications namely of endophytic B. subtilis with four inoculum densities (0, 1011, 1012, and 1013 cfu.mL-1) on oil palm before inoculation of G. boninense. The observation variables were incubation period, disease intensity, growth and concentration of salicylic acid in leaf extract of oil palm seedlings. In addition, the ability of B. subtilis to produce IAA in liquid Pikovskaya medium enriched by tryptophan was assayed. The results showed that B. subtilis was potential as biological resistance inducer agents of oil palm seedlings to infection of G. boninense. The induced resistance was related to increasing growth, salicylic acid in leaf the seedlings and the capability was assayed to produce IAA.
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References
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Puspita, F., S.I. Saputra, J. Merini. 2018. Various Concentration of Endophytic Bacillus sp. to Improve Growth of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Seedling. J. Agron. Indonesia, Desember 2018, 46(3):322-327. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v46i3.16342.
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Saputra, R, Arwiyanto, T, Wibowo, A, 2015, Test Antagonistic Activity of Some Isolates Bacillus spp. Against Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) in Some Tomato Varieties and their Identification, Pros of Indon Biodiv Model, vo. 1, no, 5, p. 1116-1122. DOI: 10.13057 / psnmbi / m010525.
Stein T, 2005. Bacillus subtilis antibiotics: Structures, Syntheses and Specific Functions. Journal Molecular Microbiology, 56(4): 1-5.
Suryadi Y, Samudra IM, Priyatno TP, Susilowati DN, Lestari P, Sutoro. 2015. Aktivitas Anticendawan Bacillus cereus 11UJ terhadap Rhizoctonia solani and Pyricularia oryzae., Journal of Phytopathology 11 (2): 35-42.
Vande Broek, A., Lambrecht, M., Eggermont, K., and Vanderleyden, J. (1999). Auxins upregulate expression of the indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase gene in Azospirillum brasilense. J. Bacteriol. 181, 1338–1342.
Wijayanti, K.S, B.T. Rahardjo, and T. Himawan. 2017. The Effect of Rhizobacteria in Increasing the Content of Salicylic Acid and Plant Phenol total Against Emphasis to Nematode Puru Root. Tobacco Plant Bulletin. Industrial Fiber and Oil. 2:53 -62.
Yuniati R, T.T. Nugroho and F. Puspita. 2015. The Effect of Rhizobacteria in Increasing the Content of Salicylic Acid and Plant Phenol total Against Emphasis to Nematode Puru Root. Tobacco Plant Bulletin. Industrial Fiber and Oil JOM FMIPA Volume 1 No. 2 February 2015.
Barea J.M, M.J Pozo, R. Azco and C.A Aguilar.2005. Microbial co-operation in the rhizosphere. Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 56, No. 417, pp. 1761–1778.
Beneduzi, A, A. Ambrosini and L. MP. Passaglia.2012. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): Their potential as antagonists and biocontrol agents. Journal Genetics and Molecular Biology.Vo.35. p: 1044 – 1051.
Benhamou, N., 1996. Elicitor-induced plant defence pathways. Trends in plant science, 1(7): 233-240.
Bradford, M.M., 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72:248-254.
Bresson, W. & M.T. Borges. 2004. Delivery Methods for Introducing Endophitic.
CIBA-GEIGY. 1997. Field Trial Manual Basle. San Fransisco.
Cupp, C., dan Enyard. 2008. Sigma’s non-specific protease activity assay – casein as a substrate. Journal of Visualized Experiments. 19:899.
Gordon, R.E. 1989. The genus Bacillus. In Leary, W.O. (Ed.). Practical Handbook of Microbiology. CRC Press. Boston. p. 109-126.
Hamzah, HM , A H.L. Ali and H. G. Hassan 2009. Physiological Regulatiom of Protease and Antibiotic in Penicillium sp. Using Submerce and Solid Fermentation Techniquest.Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol. 4, No. 1 (2009) 81 – 89.
Handiyanti, M. 2010. Potential of Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens as a controlling agent for soft bacterial rot (Erwinia carotovora) in Phalaenopsis orchids. Thesis of Bogor Agricultural University, IPB.
Horikoshi, K. 1971. Production of alkaline enzymes by aIkalophiIic microorganism alkaline protease produced by Bacillus No.221. Agric. BioI. Chem. 35(9):1407-1414.
Khalid A, Arshad M, Zahir ZA (2004) Screening plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for improving growth and yield of wheat. J Appl Microbiol 96:473–480.
Kremer, Robert J.2006. The Role of Allelopathic Bacteria in Weed Management in Alllelochemical. Biological Control Pathogen and Disease.
Kumari., S.G., K.M. Makkouk, N.H. Loh, K. Negassi, S Tsegay, R. Kodane, A. Kibret, Y. Tesfatsion. 2008. Viral diseases affecting chickpea crops in Eritrea. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 47(1): 42-49.
Mirza M.S, W.Ahmad, F. Latif, J.Haurat, R. Bally, P. Normand and K A. Malik 2001. Plant and Soil Vol: 237: 47 – 54.
Nasahi C, F Widiantini, E Yulia, R Meliansyah, and P Rasisetyo. Isolation and detection of potential endophytic actinobacteria in controlling stem rot disease in oil palm plants (Ganoderma boninense Pat.). In: Joko T et al., eds. Proceedings of the National Seminar on Plant Disease Control Environmentally Friendly II, 2016. Yogyakarta: Indonesian Phytopathology Association P:66-78.
Nur Laili and S. Antonius 2017. Production and Characterization of Extracellular Protease from Bacillus sp.140-B Isolated from Pine apple Plantationin Lampung,Indonesia. ICBS Conference Proceedings International Conference on Biological Science (2015). P: 70 -76.
Lay, B. W. dan Hastowo. 1992. Microbiologi Rajawali Press. Jakarta.
Lusiyantri, 2011. Resistance Test for Resilience with Bacillus sp. and Fitrat Culture to the Attack of Ganoderma boninense Mushrooms and Growth of Palm Oil Seedlings in Early Nursery(Pekanbaru: Essay Faculty of Agriculture University of Riau) Not Published
Marwoso E. 2005. Utilization of Rizobacteria for the Control of Small Leaf Viruses in Long Bean plants (Cowpea little leaft virus). Essay. : Bogor Agricultural Institute.
Mirza, M.S., W. Ahmad, F. Latif, J. Haurat, R. Bally, P. Normand, K.A. Malik. 2001. Isolation, partial characterization, and the effect of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) on micro-propagated sugarcane in vitro. Plant and Soil November 2001
DOI: 10.1023/A:1013388619231.
Murphy, JF, Zehnder, GW, Schuster, DJ, Sikora, EJ, Polston, JE & Kloeper, JW 2003, ‘Plant growth promoting rhizobacterial mediated protection in tomato against tomato mottle virus’ , Plant Dis., vol. 84, pp. 779-84.
Nurkasanah, S., N. Widodo. 2015. The Effect of Different Media Content on Protease Activity Bacillus subtilis. Jurnal Biotropika 3 (2): 104-106.
Priwiratama, H., A.E. Prasetyo, A. Susanto. 2014. Cultural Practices for Management of Basal Stem Rot Disease of Oil Palm. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia 10 (1): 1-7. DOI: 10.14692/jfi.10.1.1.
Purnamasari, M.I., C. Prihatna, A.W. Gunawan, A. Suwanto. 2012. Isolation and Molecular Identification of Ganoderma spp. Associated with Basal Stem Rot Disease in Oil Palm. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia 8 (1): 9-15. DOI: 10.14692/jfi.8.1.9.
Puspita F,Zul D and Khoiri M A 2013 Proceedings of the National Seminar on the Role of Technology and Agricultural Institutions in Realizing Resilient and Sustainable Agricultural Development p: 7 – 15.
Puspita, F., S.I. Saputra, J. Merini. 2018. Various Concentration of Endophytic Bacillus sp. to Improve Growth of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Seedling. J. Agron. Indonesia, Desember 2018, 46(3):322-327. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v46i3.16342.
Rutu, I, H. Natsir*, and R. Arfah 2015. Production of Protease Enzyme from Bacteria in Hot Spring of South Sulawesi, Bacillus licheniformis HSA3-1a. Jurnal Marina Chimica Acta Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University. Vol. 16 No.1 : 10 – 17.
Setiawan ,B , I. Berlian and N.E Prasetyo, 2016. Exploration of Endophytic Bacteria and Its Potency to Inhibit White Root Fungi (Rigidoporus microporus). Jurnal Penelitian Karet 34(2):175 – 188.
Saputra, R, Arwiyanto, T, Wibowo, A, 2015, Test Antagonistic Activity of Some Isolates Bacillus spp. Against Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) in Some Tomato Varieties and their Identification, Pros of Indon Biodiv Model, vo. 1, no, 5, p. 1116-1122. DOI: 10.13057 / psnmbi / m010525.
Stein T, 2005. Bacillus subtilis antibiotics: Structures, Syntheses and Specific Functions. Journal Molecular Microbiology, 56(4): 1-5.
Suryadi Y, Samudra IM, Priyatno TP, Susilowati DN, Lestari P, Sutoro. 2015. Aktivitas Anticendawan Bacillus cereus 11UJ terhadap Rhizoctonia solani and Pyricularia oryzae., Journal of Phytopathology 11 (2): 35-42.
Vande Broek, A., Lambrecht, M., Eggermont, K., and Vanderleyden, J. (1999). Auxins upregulate expression of the indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase gene in Azospirillum brasilense. J. Bacteriol. 181, 1338–1342.
Wijayanti, K.S, B.T. Rahardjo, and T. Himawan. 2017. The Effect of Rhizobacteria in Increasing the Content of Salicylic Acid and Plant Phenol total Against Emphasis to Nematode Puru Root. Tobacco Plant Bulletin. Industrial Fiber and Oil. 2:53 -62.
Yuniati R, T.T. Nugroho and F. Puspita. 2015. The Effect of Rhizobacteria in Increasing the Content of Salicylic Acid and Plant Phenol total Against Emphasis to Nematode Puru Root. Tobacco Plant Bulletin. Industrial Fiber and Oil JOM FMIPA Volume 1 No. 2 February 2015.
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