Diversity and distribution of ferns in forest over limestone in Cebu Island Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs), Philippines
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Abstract. Lillo EP, Malaki AB, Alcazar SMT, Rosales R, Redoblado BR, Pantinople E, Nuevo RU, Cutillar RC, Almirante A, Buot IE Jr. 2020. Diversity and distribution of ferns in forest over limestone in Cebu Island Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs), Philippines. Biodiversitas 21: 413-421. Three forest areas of Cebu Island, Philippines were recognized as Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) by Department of Environment and Natural Resources [DENR], Philippines based on the criteria of vulnerability and irreplaceability, namely Nug-as of Alcoy, Palinpinon Range of Dalaguete, and Mt. Lantoy of Argao. The study aimed to assess the composition, diversity, and distribution of ferns in the aforementioned KBA's. Quadrat at 20 m x 20 m was established within the 2000 m transect line at an interval of 200 m. Result showed a total of 50 species, categorized into 15 families and 29 genera for 30 quadrats. Twelve species were considered as new records on Cebu. Thirteen species were recorded in both Mt. Lantoy and Nug-as forest KBA’s, but absent in Palinpinon range. While 6 species were recorded as unique to Nug-as forest. Nug-as forest and Mt. Lantoy showed a relative value of very high species diversity. Nug-as forest and Mt. Lantoy KBA forming into one cluster and Palinpinon range proved to have a distinct fern species composition, and form another cluster. Local government units (LGU) in every KBA need to recognize the necessity of biodiversity information in their localities that would facilitate information sharing and awareness, hence enhancing protection and conservation of unique biodiversity, since they are at the forefront of local action.
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References
References
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land use types of Mt. Makiling, Luzon Island, Philippines. Biodiversitas 20 (9): 2437-
2445.
American Fern Society. 1970. American Fern Journal Vol. 60.
Http://Www.Biodiversitylibrary.Org
Amoroso, V. B. 1987. Medicinal ferns and fern allies of Mindanao. Central Mindanao
University, Musuan, Bukidnon, Philippines. Retrieved on January 16, 2011 from
https://goo.gl/3gxvSa
Andersen C, Nielsen TS, Purup S, Kristensen T, Eriksen J, Soegaard K, Sorensen J,
Frette XC. 2009. Phyto-oestrogens in herbage and milk from cows grazing white clover,
red clover, lucerne or chicory- rich pastures. Animal 3(8): 1189–1195.
Audley-Charles MG, Carter DJ, Barber AJ, Norvick MS, Tjokrosapoetro S. 1979.
Reinterpretation of the geology of Seram: Implications for the Banda Arc and northern
Australia. Journal of the Geological Society 136: 547–568.
Banaticla MCN, and Buot IE Jr. 2005. Altitudinal zonation of pteridophytes on Mt.
Banahaw de Lucban, Luzon Island, Philippines. Plant Ecology (2005) 180: 135–151.
DOI 10.1007/s11258-004-2494-7.
Banaticla, M.C.N., & Buot Jr., I.E. 2008. Identification, geographic distribution and floristic
affinity of pteridophytes on the northeastern slope of Mt. Banahaw de Lucban, Sierra
Madre mountain range, Quezon (Luzon Island), Philippines. Journal of Nature Studies
7(1): 35-42.
Barcelona, J. F. 2002. Philippine pteridophyte ollections as a resource for conservation
planning. Proceedings of the “International Symposium on the Fern Flora Worldwide:
Threats and Responses” sponsored by the British Pteridological Society and IUCN-
Species Survival Commission.” Fern Gaz. 16(6, 7 & 8): 307-312.
Bharati SK, Manabendra DC and Behari MP. 2013. In Vitro propagation in Pteridophytes:
A Review. International J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 4(2):297-303.
Blanca León, JHW. 1999. World Economic Plants: A Standard Reference.
Brooks TM, Magsalay P, Dutson G, Allen R. 1995. Forest loss, extinctions and last hope for
birds on Cebu. Oriental Bird Club Bull. 21: 24–27.
Brown WH. 1920. Minor Products of Philippine Forests. Bureau of Forestry, Manila.
Burkill H.M. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol 5.
Buot IE Jr. 1999. .Pteridophytes frequently sold at Carbon Market, Cebu: Implications to
Urban Horticulture and Nature Conservation. The Philippine Scientist. Volume 36
(1999):148-153
Callaghan T V, Scott R and Whittaker HA. 1981. The yield development and chemical
composition of some fast growing indigenous and naturalized British plant species in
relation to management as energy crops. Natural Environment Research Council
Contract Report to the Department of the Environment.
Chhetri, R. B. 2006. Trend in Ethno domestication of some wild plants in Meghalaya, North
East India. Indian J. of Traditional Knowledge, 53(3) 342- 347. 4.
[CI] Conservation International Philippines, [DENR-PAWB] Department of
Environment and Natural Resources – Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau,
[HARIBON] Haribon Foundation for the Conservation of Nature. 2006. Priority Sites
for Conservation in the Philippines: Key Biodiversity Areas. Quezon City, Philippines:
Conservation International Philippines. 24p..
Collar NJ, Mallari NAD, Tabaranza BR JR. 1999. Threatened birds of the Philippines. The
Haribon Foundation/Birdlife International red data book. Makati City, Philippines:
Bookmark. 559p.
Copeland E.B. 1958–1960. Fern Flora of the Philippines, Vol.1–3. Nat. Inst. Sci. Tech.
Monogr. 6, Manila.
Delos Angeles MD and Buot IE Jr. 2012. Orders and families of Philippine Pteridophytes.
Journal of Nature Studies 11: 19-33.
Delos Angeles M and Buot IE Jr.2018. Altitudinal zonation of ferns along the northeastern
slope Mount Makiling, Philippines. Sylvatrop, The Technical Journal of Philippine
Ecosystems and Natural Resources 28 (2): 47-68.
[DENR] Department of Environment and Natural Resources. 2017. Updated National List
of Threatened Philippine Plants and their Categories [Administrative Order No. 2017-11].
Dhiman, AK.1998. Ethnomedicinal uses of some pteridophytic species in India. Indian Fern
journal. 15 (1-2): 61-64.
Esperanza JN. 1993. Taxonomic Study of Vascular Plants on the Northeastern Slope of Mt.
Banahaw, Luzon, Philippines. [Undergraduate thesis]. College, Laguna, Philippines:
University of the Philippines Los Baños. 104 p. (Available at the UPLB Library).
Fernando ES. 2007. Checklist of Species in FBS 21 (Taxonomy of Forest Plants), 12th
edition. 29p.
Fernando ES, Suh MN, LEE J, and Lee DK. 2008. Forest formation of the Philippines.
ASEAN – Korea Environmental Cooperation Unit (AKECU). GeoBook Publishing
Co.www.geobook.co.kr. 119p
Giriraj A, Murthy M, and Ramesh B. 2008. Vegetation composition,structure and patterns
of diversity: A case study from the tropical wet evergreen forests of the Western Ghats,
India. Edin. J. Bot., 65 (3): 1-22.
Herrick J W. 1977. Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD
Thesis p. 261.
Huxley A.1992. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan Press. ISBN 0-333-
47494-5
[IUCN] International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2017. IUCN updates 'red list' of
endangered species.
Retrieved from https://www.iucn.nl/en/solutions/red-list-of- threatened-species.
IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2.
Kirtikar KR, and Basu BD. 1999. Indian Medicinal Plants, Vol 4, Dehradun: National Book
Distributions; p.2748-2749.
Langhammer PF, Bakarr MI, Bennun LA, Brooks TM, Clay RP, Darwall W, De Silva N, Edgar GJ, Eken G, Fishpool LDC, De Fonseca GAB, Foster MN, Knox DH, Matiku P, Radford EA, Rodrigues ASL, Salaman P, Sechrest W, & Tordoff AW.2007. Identification and Gap Analysis of Key Biodiversity Areas: Targets for Comprehensive Protected Area Systems. IUCN Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series No. 15. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
Legendre P, Borcard D, Peres-Neto PR. 2008. Analyzing or Explaining Beta Diversity
Comment. Ecology 89(11): 3238–3244.
Lillo EP, Malaki ABB, Alcazar SMT, Nuevo RU, and Rosales R. 2019. Native Trees on
Mount Lantoy Key BiodiversityAreas (KBA), Argao, Cebu, Philippines. Philippine Journal
of Science 148 (2): 359-371, June 2019. ISSN 0031 – 7683
Macdonald GM. 2003. Biogeography: Space, Time, and Life. New York: John Wiley & Sons,
Inc. 528p.
Magsalay P, Brooks T, Dutson G, Timmins R. 1995. Extinction and conservation on Cebu.
Nature 373: 294.
Mallari NAD, Tabaranza BR JR, Crosby MJ. 2001. Key Conservation Sites in the
Philippines: A Haribon Foundation and Bird Life International Directory of Important Bird
Areas. Lepiten-Tabao M, Gee GA eds. Makati City, Philippines: Bookmark, Inc. 484p.
Mcintosh RI. 1967. An index of diversity and the relation of certain concepts to diversity.
Ecology 48: 392–404.
Mcnaughton SJ. 1977. Diversity and stability of ecological communities: A comment on the
role of empiricism in ecology. Amerian Naturalist 111: 515–525.
Myers NA, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG, Fonseca DA, Gab KJ .2000. Biodiversity
hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403: 853- 858 CrossRef | PubMed | CAS. Web
of Science® Times Cited:5340 | ADS.
Odland A, Birks HJB, & Line JM. 1995. Ecological optima and tolerances of Thelypteris
limbosperma, Athyrium distentifolium, and Matteuccia struthiopteris along environmental
gradients in western Norway. Vegetatio 120: 115–129.
Paguntalan LMJ, Jakosalem PG. 2008. Significant records of birds in forests on Cebu
island, central Philippines. Forktail 24: 48–56.
Pappoe AN, Armah FA, Quaye EC, Kwakye PK, Buxton GN. 2010. Composition and
stand structure of a tropical moist semi deciduous forest in Ghana. Int. Res. J Plant Sci.
1: 95–106.
Rabor DS. 1959. The impact of deforestation on birds of Cebu, with new records for that
island. Auk 76: 37–43.
Rivers MC, Bachman SP, Meagher TR, Lughadha EN, and Brummitt NA .2010.
Subpopulations, locations and fragmentation: applying IUCN red list criteria to herbarium
specimen data.Biodiversity and Conservation 19: 2071-2085.
Roux. J.P. 2003. Swaziland Ferns and Fern Allies. South African National Biodiversity
Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town (SAM).
Tan, H. T. W. 2011. Singapore Biodiversity. An Encyclopedia of the Natural Environment
and Sustainable Development. Editions Didier Millet, Singapore. 552 pp.
Tilman D. 1996. Biodiversity: Population versus ecosystem stability. Ecology 77: 350–363.
Tindall. H. D. 1983. Vegetables in the Tropics. MacMillan, Oxford. ISBN 0-333-24268-8.
Vogel JC, Rumsey FJ, Schneller JJ, Barrett JA, Gibby M. 1999. Where are the glacial
refugia in Europe.Evidence from pteridophytes Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 66 (1999), pp. 23-37
Whitford HN. 1911. The forests of the Philippines. Philippine Bureau of Forestry Bulletin No.
10, 113p.
Zhuang, X. 2011. Marsilea crenata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2011:e.T168620A6523971.Downloaded on 16
December2016.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011- 1.RLTS.T168620A6523971.
Alcala AA, Delos Angeles M and IE Buot Jr. 2019. Fern species diversity across various
land use types of Mt. Makiling, Luzon Island, Philippines. Biodiversitas 20 (9): 2437-
2445.
American Fern Society. 1970. American Fern Journal Vol. 60.
Http://Www.Biodiversitylibrary.Org
Amoroso, V. B. 1987. Medicinal ferns and fern allies of Mindanao. Central Mindanao
University, Musuan, Bukidnon, Philippines. Retrieved on January 16, 2011 from
https://goo.gl/3gxvSa
Andersen C, Nielsen TS, Purup S, Kristensen T, Eriksen J, Soegaard K, Sorensen J,
Frette XC. 2009. Phyto-oestrogens in herbage and milk from cows grazing white clover,
red clover, lucerne or chicory- rich pastures. Animal 3(8): 1189–1195.
Audley-Charles MG, Carter DJ, Barber AJ, Norvick MS, Tjokrosapoetro S. 1979.
Reinterpretation of the geology of Seram: Implications for the Banda Arc and northern
Australia. Journal of the Geological Society 136: 547–568.
Banaticla MCN, and Buot IE Jr. 2005. Altitudinal zonation of pteridophytes on Mt.
Banahaw de Lucban, Luzon Island, Philippines. Plant Ecology (2005) 180: 135–151.
DOI 10.1007/s11258-004-2494-7.
Banaticla, M.C.N., & Buot Jr., I.E. 2008. Identification, geographic distribution and floristic
affinity of pteridophytes on the northeastern slope of Mt. Banahaw de Lucban, Sierra
Madre mountain range, Quezon (Luzon Island), Philippines. Journal of Nature Studies
7(1): 35-42.
Barcelona, J. F. 2002. Philippine pteridophyte ollections as a resource for conservation
planning. Proceedings of the “International Symposium on the Fern Flora Worldwide:
Threats and Responses” sponsored by the British Pteridological Society and IUCN-
Species Survival Commission.” Fern Gaz. 16(6, 7 & 8): 307-312.
Bharati SK, Manabendra DC and Behari MP. 2013. In Vitro propagation in Pteridophytes:
A Review. International J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 4(2):297-303.
Blanca León, JHW. 1999. World Economic Plants: A Standard Reference.
Brooks TM, Magsalay P, Dutson G, Allen R. 1995. Forest loss, extinctions and last hope for
birds on Cebu. Oriental Bird Club Bull. 21: 24–27.
Brown WH. 1920. Minor Products of Philippine Forests. Bureau of Forestry, Manila.
Burkill H.M. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol 5.
Buot IE Jr. 1999. .Pteridophytes frequently sold at Carbon Market, Cebu: Implications to
Urban Horticulture and Nature Conservation. The Philippine Scientist. Volume 36
(1999):148-153
Callaghan T V, Scott R and Whittaker HA. 1981. The yield development and chemical
composition of some fast growing indigenous and naturalized British plant species in
relation to management as energy crops. Natural Environment Research Council
Contract Report to the Department of the Environment.
Chhetri, R. B. 2006. Trend in Ethno domestication of some wild plants in Meghalaya, North
East India. Indian J. of Traditional Knowledge, 53(3) 342- 347. 4.
[CI] Conservation International Philippines, [DENR-PAWB] Department of
Environment and Natural Resources – Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau,
[HARIBON] Haribon Foundation for the Conservation of Nature. 2006. Priority Sites
for Conservation in the Philippines: Key Biodiversity Areas. Quezon City, Philippines:
Conservation International Philippines. 24p..
Collar NJ, Mallari NAD, Tabaranza BR JR. 1999. Threatened birds of the Philippines. The
Haribon Foundation/Birdlife International red data book. Makati City, Philippines:
Bookmark. 559p.
Copeland E.B. 1958–1960. Fern Flora of the Philippines, Vol.1–3. Nat. Inst. Sci. Tech.
Monogr. 6, Manila.
Delos Angeles MD and Buot IE Jr. 2012. Orders and families of Philippine Pteridophytes.
Journal of Nature Studies 11: 19-33.
Delos Angeles M and Buot IE Jr.2018. Altitudinal zonation of ferns along the northeastern
slope Mount Makiling, Philippines. Sylvatrop, The Technical Journal of Philippine
Ecosystems and Natural Resources 28 (2): 47-68.
[DENR] Department of Environment and Natural Resources. 2017. Updated National List
of Threatened Philippine Plants and their Categories [Administrative Order No. 2017-11].
Dhiman, AK.1998. Ethnomedicinal uses of some pteridophytic species in India. Indian Fern
journal. 15 (1-2): 61-64.
Esperanza JN. 1993. Taxonomic Study of Vascular Plants on the Northeastern Slope of Mt.
Banahaw, Luzon, Philippines. [Undergraduate thesis]. College, Laguna, Philippines:
University of the Philippines Los Baños. 104 p. (Available at the UPLB Library).
Fernando ES. 2007. Checklist of Species in FBS 21 (Taxonomy of Forest Plants), 12th
edition. 29p.
Fernando ES, Suh MN, LEE J, and Lee DK. 2008. Forest formation of the Philippines.
ASEAN – Korea Environmental Cooperation Unit (AKECU). GeoBook Publishing
Co.www.geobook.co.kr. 119p
Giriraj A, Murthy M, and Ramesh B. 2008. Vegetation composition,structure and patterns
of diversity: A case study from the tropical wet evergreen forests of the Western Ghats,
India. Edin. J. Bot., 65 (3): 1-22.
Herrick J W. 1977. Iroquois Medical Botany. State University of New York, Albany, PhD
Thesis p. 261.
Huxley A.1992. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan Press. ISBN 0-333-
47494-5
[IUCN] International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2017. IUCN updates 'red list' of
endangered species.
Retrieved from https://www.iucn.nl/en/solutions/red-list-of- threatened-species.
IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2.
Kirtikar KR, and Basu BD. 1999. Indian Medicinal Plants, Vol 4, Dehradun: National Book
Distributions; p.2748-2749.
Langhammer PF, Bakarr MI, Bennun LA, Brooks TM, Clay RP, Darwall W, De Silva N, Edgar GJ, Eken G, Fishpool LDC, De Fonseca GAB, Foster MN, Knox DH, Matiku P, Radford EA, Rodrigues ASL, Salaman P, Sechrest W, & Tordoff AW.2007. Identification and Gap Analysis of Key Biodiversity Areas: Targets for Comprehensive Protected Area Systems. IUCN Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series No. 15. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
Legendre P, Borcard D, Peres-Neto PR. 2008. Analyzing or Explaining Beta Diversity
Comment. Ecology 89(11): 3238–3244.
Lillo EP, Malaki ABB, Alcazar SMT, Nuevo RU, and Rosales R. 2019. Native Trees on
Mount Lantoy Key BiodiversityAreas (KBA), Argao, Cebu, Philippines. Philippine Journal
of Science 148 (2): 359-371, June 2019. ISSN 0031 – 7683
Macdonald GM. 2003. Biogeography: Space, Time, and Life. New York: John Wiley & Sons,
Inc. 528p.
Magsalay P, Brooks T, Dutson G, Timmins R. 1995. Extinction and conservation on Cebu.
Nature 373: 294.
Mallari NAD, Tabaranza BR JR, Crosby MJ. 2001. Key Conservation Sites in the
Philippines: A Haribon Foundation and Bird Life International Directory of Important Bird
Areas. Lepiten-Tabao M, Gee GA eds. Makati City, Philippines: Bookmark, Inc. 484p.
Mcintosh RI. 1967. An index of diversity and the relation of certain concepts to diversity.
Ecology 48: 392–404.
Mcnaughton SJ. 1977. Diversity and stability of ecological communities: A comment on the
role of empiricism in ecology. Amerian Naturalist 111: 515–525.
Myers NA, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG, Fonseca DA, Gab KJ .2000. Biodiversity
hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403: 853- 858 CrossRef | PubMed | CAS. Web
of Science® Times Cited:5340 | ADS.
Odland A, Birks HJB, & Line JM. 1995. Ecological optima and tolerances of Thelypteris
limbosperma, Athyrium distentifolium, and Matteuccia struthiopteris along environmental
gradients in western Norway. Vegetatio 120: 115–129.
Paguntalan LMJ, Jakosalem PG. 2008. Significant records of birds in forests on Cebu
island, central Philippines. Forktail 24: 48–56.
Pappoe AN, Armah FA, Quaye EC, Kwakye PK, Buxton GN. 2010. Composition and
stand structure of a tropical moist semi deciduous forest in Ghana. Int. Res. J Plant Sci.
1: 95–106.
Rabor DS. 1959. The impact of deforestation on birds of Cebu, with new records for that
island. Auk 76: 37–43.
Rivers MC, Bachman SP, Meagher TR, Lughadha EN, and Brummitt NA .2010.
Subpopulations, locations and fragmentation: applying IUCN red list criteria to herbarium
specimen data.Biodiversity and Conservation 19: 2071-2085.
Roux. J.P. 2003. Swaziland Ferns and Fern Allies. South African National Biodiversity
Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town (SAM).
Tan, H. T. W. 2011. Singapore Biodiversity. An Encyclopedia of the Natural Environment
and Sustainable Development. Editions Didier Millet, Singapore. 552 pp.
Tilman D. 1996. Biodiversity: Population versus ecosystem stability. Ecology 77: 350–363.
Tindall. H. D. 1983. Vegetables in the Tropics. MacMillan, Oxford. ISBN 0-333-24268-8.
Vogel JC, Rumsey FJ, Schneller JJ, Barrett JA, Gibby M. 1999. Where are the glacial
refugia in Europe.Evidence from pteridophytes Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 66 (1999), pp. 23-37
Whitford HN. 1911. The forests of the Philippines. Philippine Bureau of Forestry Bulletin No.
10, 113p.
Zhuang, X. 2011. Marsilea crenata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2011:e.T168620A6523971.Downloaded on 16
December2016.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011- 1.RLTS.T168620A6523971.
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