First ectomycorrhizal syntheses between Astraeus sirindhorniae and Dipterocarpus alatus (Dipterocarpaceae), pure culture characteristics, and molecular detection
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Abstract. Suwannasai N, Dokmai P, Yamada A, Watling R, Phosri C. 2020. First ectomycorrhizal syntheses between Astraeus sirindhorniae and Dipterocarpus alatus (Dipterocarpaceae), pure culture characteristics, and molecular detection. Biodiversitas 21: 231-238. This study provides the first mycorrhization of Astraeus sirindhorniae and its cultural characteristics on nutrient media. An attempt has been made to introduce spore suspension and mycelial inocula of A. sirindhorniae onto seedlings of Dipterocarpus alatus. After 6 months seedlings were harvested, measured for growth and morphological descriptions of the ectomycorrhizas formed with D. alatus seedlings were made. The fungus has increased the growth of D. alatus seedlings. Further, it can be confirmed that the primers designed (GAPK126F/GAPK379R) have been successful when applied for the detection of ectomycorrhizal formation of A. sirindhorniae in vivo.
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References
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Binder M, Hibbett DS. 2006. Molecular systematics and biological diversification of Boletales. Mycologia 98: 971–981; http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/ mycologia.98.6.971.
Brearley FQ. 2006. Differences in the growth and ectomycorrhizal community of Dryobalanops lanceolata (Dipterocarpaceae) seedlings grown in ultramafic and non– ultramafic soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 38: 3407–3410; http://dx.doi.org /10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.05.012.
Brearley FQ. 2011. The importance of ectomycorrhizas for the growth of dipterocarps and the efficacy of ectomycorrhizal inoculation schemes. In: Rai M, Varma A (eds) Diversity and biotechnology of ectomycorrhizae. Springer–Verlag, Berlin, Germany, pp. 3–17.
Brearley FQ. 2012. Ectomycorrhizal associations of the Dipterocarpeace. Biotropica 44(5): 637–648; http://dx.doi.org /10.1111/j.1744-7429.2012. 00862.x
Brearley FQ, Press MC, Scholes JD. 2003. Nutrients obtained from leaf litter can improve the growth of dipterocarp seedlings. New Phytologist 160: 101–110; http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00851.x.
Brearley FQ, Scholes JD, Press MC, Palfner G. 2007. How does light and phosphorus fertilization affect the growth and ectomycorrhizal community of two contrasting dipterocarp species? Plant Ecology 192: 237–249; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-007- 9325-6
Brundrett M, Bougher N, Dell B, Grove G, Malajczuk N. 1996. Working with mycorrhizas in forestry and agriculture. ACIAR Monograph 32, ACIAR, Canberra.
Change YS, Lapeyrie FF, Lee SS. 1994. The surrival and competitiveness of Pisolithus tinctorius on outplanted seedlings of Shorea glauca in Malaysia. In: Khoo KC, Appanah S (eds) Proceedings of the fifth round table conference on dipterocarps Chiang Mai, Thailand, 7-10 November 1994. Forest Research Institute of Malaysia, Kepong, Malaysia, pp. 165–169.
Change YS, Lee SS, Lapeyrie FF, Yazid SM. 1995. The competitiveness of two strains of Pisolithus tinctorius on seedlings of three species of dipterocarps under nursery and field conditions: preliminary results. In: Wickneswari R, Yahya AZ, Shariff AHM, Haji AD, Khoo KC, Suzuki S, Ishii K (eds) Proceedings of the international workshops of BIO-REFOR, Kangar, Malaysia, 28 November-1 December 1994. BIO-REFOR, IUFRO-SPDC, Tokyo, Japan & FRIM, Kepong, Malaysia, pp. 208–212.
Endo N, Kawamura F, Kitahara R, Sakuma D, Fukuda M, Yamada A. 2014. Synthesis of Japanese Boletus edulis ectomycorrhizae with Japanese red pine. Mycoscience 55: 405–416; http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.myc.2013.11.008.
Fangfuk W, Okada K, Petchang R, To–anun C, Fukuda M, Yamada A. 2010. In vitro mycorrhization of edible Astraeus mushrooms and their morphological characterization. Mycoscience 51: 234–241; http://dx.doi.org/doi: 10.1007/s10267-009-0031-1.
Gardes M, Bruns TD.1993. ITS primers with enhanced specificity of basidiomycetes: application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113–118; http://dx.doi.org/doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x.
Hung LL, Trappe JM. 1983. Growth variation between and within species of ectomycorrhizal fungi in response to pH in vitro. Mycologia 75: 234–241; http://dx.doi.org/doi: 10.2307/3792807.
Kaewgrajang T, Sangwanit U, Iwasa K, Kodama M, Yamato M. 2013. Effects of ectomycorrhizal fungus Astraeus odoratus on Dipterocarpus alatus seedlings. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 25(2): 200–205.
Kaewgrajang T, Sangwanit U, Kodama M, Yamato M. 2014. Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities of Dipterocarpus alatus seedlings introduced by soil inocula from a natural forest and plantation. Journal of Forest Research 19(2):260–267; http://dx.doi.org/doi: 10.1007/s10310-013-0408-z.
Kaewgrajang T, Sakolrak B, Sangwanit U. 2019. Growth response of Dipterocarpus tuberculatus and Shorea roxburghii seedlings to Astraeus
odoratus. Environment and Natural Resources Journal 17(3): 80–88.
Kibar B, Peksen A. 2011. Nutritional and environmental requirements for vegetative growth of edible ectomycorrhizal mushroom Tricholoma terreum. Žemdirbyst?=Agriculture 98(4): 409–414.
Kumla J, Danell E, Bussaban B, Lumyong S. 2011. Suitable growth conditions and nutrition factors on in vitro culture of Phlebopus portentosus (Boletales). Chiang Mai Journal of Science 38: 156–159.
Lee SS, Watling R, Noraini SY. 2002. Ectomycorrhizal basidiomata fruiting in lowland rain forests of peninsular Malaysia. Bois et forêts des tropiques 274: 33–43.
Lee SS, Patahayah M. 2003. Host specificity of dipterocarp ectomycorrhizal fungi. In: Aminah H, Ani H, Sim C, Krishnapillay B (eds) Proceedings of the seventh round–table conference on dipterocarps Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 7–10 October 2002. Asia Pacific Association of Forestry Research Institutions, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 214–217.
Marx DH. 1969. The influence of ectotrophic mycorrhizal fungi on the resistance of pine roots to pathogenic infections. I. Antagonism of mycorrhizal fungi to root pathogenic fungi and soil bacteria. Phytopathology 59: 153–163.
Petcharat V. 2004. Edible Astraeus (Basidiomycota) from Thailand. Nordic Journal of Botany 23: 499–503; http://dx.doi.org/doi: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2003.tb00423.x.
Phosri C, Martín MP, Watling R. 2013. Astraeus: hidden dimension. IMA Fungus 4(2): 347–356; http://dx.doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2013.04.02.13.
Phosri C, Martín MP, Sihanonth P, Whalley AJS, Watling R. 2007. Molecular study of the genus Astraeus. Mycological Research 3: 275–286; http://dx.doi.org/doi: 10.1016/ j.mycres.2007.01.004.
Phosri C, Watling R, Martín MP, Whalley AJS. 2004. The genus Astraeus in Thailand. Mycotaxon 89: 453–463.
Phosri C, Watling R, Suwannasai N, Wilson A, Martín MP. 2014. A new representative of star–shaped fungi: Astraeus sirindhorniae sp. nov. from Thailand. Plos One 9(5): e71160; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071160.
Rousk J, Brookes PC, Bååth E. 2010. Investigating the mechanisms for the opposing pH relationships of fungal and bacterial growth in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 42: 926–934; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.02.009.
Sanmee R, Lumyong P, Dell B, Lumyong S. 2010. In vitro cultivation and fruit body formation of the black bolete, Phlebopus portentosus, a popular edible ectomycorrhizal fungus in Thailand. Mycoscience 51: 15–22; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10267-009-0010-6.
Siri–in J, Kumla J, Suwannarach N, Lumyong S. 2014. Culture conditions and some properties of pure culture of ectomycorrhizal fungus, Scleroderma sinnamariense. Chiang Mai Journal of Science 41(2): 275–285.
Straatsma G, van Griensven LJLD, Bruinsma J. 1986. Root influence on in vitro growth of hyphae of the mycorrhizal mushroom Cantharellus cibarius replaced by carbon dioxide. Physiologia Plantarum 67: 521–528; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1986. tb05050.x.
Stoll VS, Blanchard JS. 1990. Buffers: principles and practice. In: Deutscher MP (ed) Methods in enzymology vol. 182, Guide to protein purification. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 24–38.
Tata MH, Van Noordwijk M, Summerbell R, Wegger MJA. 2010. Limited response to nursery–stage mycorhiza inoculation of Shorea seedlings planted in rubber agroforest in Jambai, Indonesia. New Forests 39: 51–74; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11056-009-9155-6
Tedersoo L, Bahram M, Põlme S, et al. 2014. Global diversity and geography of soil fungi. Science 346, 6213; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/ science.1256688.
Thongklang N, Hyde KD, Bussaban B, Lumyong S. 2010. Culture condition, inoculum production and host response of a wild mushroom, Phlebopus portentosus strain CMUHH121–005. Maejo International Journal of Science and Technology 5(3): 413–425.
Watling R, Lee SS. 1995. Ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with members of the Dipterocarpaceae in Peninsular Malaysia–I. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 7: 657–669.
Watling R, Lee SS. 1998. Ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with members of the Dipterocarpaceae in Peninsular Malaysia–II. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 10: 421–430.
Watling R, Lee SS. 2007. Mycorrhizal mycodiversity in Malaysia. In: Jones EBG, Hyde KD, Vikineswary S. (eds.) Malaysian fungal diversity. Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya & Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 201–219.
Wheeler KA, Hurdman BF, Pit JI. 1991. Influence of pH on the growth of some toxigenic species of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. International Journal of Food Microbiology 12: 141–150; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1605(91)90063-U.
Yamada A, Katsuya K. 1995. Mycorrhizal association of isolates from sporocarps and ectomycorrhizas with Pinus densiflora seedlings. Mycoscience 36: 315–323.
Yamanaka T. 2003. The effect of pH on the growth of saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal ammonia fungi in vitro. Mycologia 95(4): 584–589.
Yomyart S. 2008. Community structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi and reforestation application in dipterocarpaceae. PhD. Thesis. Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok.
Boontawee B. 2001. The status of in situ and ex situ conservation of Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. in Thailand. In: Thielges BA, Sastrapradja SD, Rimbawanto A (eds) Proceedings of the international conference on ex situ and in situ conservation of commercial tropical trees, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 11-13 June 2001, pp. 171–181.
Binder M, Hibbett DS. 2006. Molecular systematics and biological diversification of Boletales. Mycologia 98: 971–981; http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/ mycologia.98.6.971.
Brearley FQ. 2006. Differences in the growth and ectomycorrhizal community of Dryobalanops lanceolata (Dipterocarpaceae) seedlings grown in ultramafic and non– ultramafic soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 38: 3407–3410; http://dx.doi.org /10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.05.012.
Brearley FQ. 2011. The importance of ectomycorrhizas for the growth of dipterocarps and the efficacy of ectomycorrhizal inoculation schemes. In: Rai M, Varma A (eds) Diversity and biotechnology of ectomycorrhizae. Springer–Verlag, Berlin, Germany, pp. 3–17.
Brearley FQ. 2012. Ectomycorrhizal associations of the Dipterocarpeace. Biotropica 44(5): 637–648; http://dx.doi.org /10.1111/j.1744-7429.2012. 00862.x
Brearley FQ, Press MC, Scholes JD. 2003. Nutrients obtained from leaf litter can improve the growth of dipterocarp seedlings. New Phytologist 160: 101–110; http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00851.x.
Brearley FQ, Scholes JD, Press MC, Palfner G. 2007. How does light and phosphorus fertilization affect the growth and ectomycorrhizal community of two contrasting dipterocarp species? Plant Ecology 192: 237–249; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-007- 9325-6
Brundrett M, Bougher N, Dell B, Grove G, Malajczuk N. 1996. Working with mycorrhizas in forestry and agriculture. ACIAR Monograph 32, ACIAR, Canberra.
Change YS, Lapeyrie FF, Lee SS. 1994. The surrival and competitiveness of Pisolithus tinctorius on outplanted seedlings of Shorea glauca in Malaysia. In: Khoo KC, Appanah S (eds) Proceedings of the fifth round table conference on dipterocarps Chiang Mai, Thailand, 7-10 November 1994. Forest Research Institute of Malaysia, Kepong, Malaysia, pp. 165–169.
Change YS, Lee SS, Lapeyrie FF, Yazid SM. 1995. The competitiveness of two strains of Pisolithus tinctorius on seedlings of three species of dipterocarps under nursery and field conditions: preliminary results. In: Wickneswari R, Yahya AZ, Shariff AHM, Haji AD, Khoo KC, Suzuki S, Ishii K (eds) Proceedings of the international workshops of BIO-REFOR, Kangar, Malaysia, 28 November-1 December 1994. BIO-REFOR, IUFRO-SPDC, Tokyo, Japan & FRIM, Kepong, Malaysia, pp. 208–212.
Endo N, Kawamura F, Kitahara R, Sakuma D, Fukuda M, Yamada A. 2014. Synthesis of Japanese Boletus edulis ectomycorrhizae with Japanese red pine. Mycoscience 55: 405–416; http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.myc.2013.11.008.
Fangfuk W, Okada K, Petchang R, To–anun C, Fukuda M, Yamada A. 2010. In vitro mycorrhization of edible Astraeus mushrooms and their morphological characterization. Mycoscience 51: 234–241; http://dx.doi.org/doi: 10.1007/s10267-009-0031-1.
Gardes M, Bruns TD.1993. ITS primers with enhanced specificity of basidiomycetes: application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113–118; http://dx.doi.org/doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x.
Hung LL, Trappe JM. 1983. Growth variation between and within species of ectomycorrhizal fungi in response to pH in vitro. Mycologia 75: 234–241; http://dx.doi.org/doi: 10.2307/3792807.
Kaewgrajang T, Sangwanit U, Iwasa K, Kodama M, Yamato M. 2013. Effects of ectomycorrhizal fungus Astraeus odoratus on Dipterocarpus alatus seedlings. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 25(2): 200–205.
Kaewgrajang T, Sangwanit U, Kodama M, Yamato M. 2014. Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities of Dipterocarpus alatus seedlings introduced by soil inocula from a natural forest and plantation. Journal of Forest Research 19(2):260–267; http://dx.doi.org/doi: 10.1007/s10310-013-0408-z.
Kaewgrajang T, Sakolrak B, Sangwanit U. 2019. Growth response of Dipterocarpus tuberculatus and Shorea roxburghii seedlings to Astraeus
odoratus. Environment and Natural Resources Journal 17(3): 80–88.
Kibar B, Peksen A. 2011. Nutritional and environmental requirements for vegetative growth of edible ectomycorrhizal mushroom Tricholoma terreum. Žemdirbyst?=Agriculture 98(4): 409–414.
Kumla J, Danell E, Bussaban B, Lumyong S. 2011. Suitable growth conditions and nutrition factors on in vitro culture of Phlebopus portentosus (Boletales). Chiang Mai Journal of Science 38: 156–159.
Lee SS, Watling R, Noraini SY. 2002. Ectomycorrhizal basidiomata fruiting in lowland rain forests of peninsular Malaysia. Bois et forêts des tropiques 274: 33–43.
Lee SS, Patahayah M. 2003. Host specificity of dipterocarp ectomycorrhizal fungi. In: Aminah H, Ani H, Sim C, Krishnapillay B (eds) Proceedings of the seventh round–table conference on dipterocarps Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 7–10 October 2002. Asia Pacific Association of Forestry Research Institutions, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 214–217.
Marx DH. 1969. The influence of ectotrophic mycorrhizal fungi on the resistance of pine roots to pathogenic infections. I. Antagonism of mycorrhizal fungi to root pathogenic fungi and soil bacteria. Phytopathology 59: 153–163.
Petcharat V. 2004. Edible Astraeus (Basidiomycota) from Thailand. Nordic Journal of Botany 23: 499–503; http://dx.doi.org/doi: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2003.tb00423.x.
Phosri C, Martín MP, Watling R. 2013. Astraeus: hidden dimension. IMA Fungus 4(2): 347–356; http://dx.doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2013.04.02.13.
Phosri C, Martín MP, Sihanonth P, Whalley AJS, Watling R. 2007. Molecular study of the genus Astraeus. Mycological Research 3: 275–286; http://dx.doi.org/doi: 10.1016/ j.mycres.2007.01.004.
Phosri C, Watling R, Martín MP, Whalley AJS. 2004. The genus Astraeus in Thailand. Mycotaxon 89: 453–463.
Phosri C, Watling R, Suwannasai N, Wilson A, Martín MP. 2014. A new representative of star–shaped fungi: Astraeus sirindhorniae sp. nov. from Thailand. Plos One 9(5): e71160; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071160.
Rousk J, Brookes PC, Bååth E. 2010. Investigating the mechanisms for the opposing pH relationships of fungal and bacterial growth in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 42: 926–934; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.02.009.
Sanmee R, Lumyong P, Dell B, Lumyong S. 2010. In vitro cultivation and fruit body formation of the black bolete, Phlebopus portentosus, a popular edible ectomycorrhizal fungus in Thailand. Mycoscience 51: 15–22; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10267-009-0010-6.
Siri–in J, Kumla J, Suwannarach N, Lumyong S. 2014. Culture conditions and some properties of pure culture of ectomycorrhizal fungus, Scleroderma sinnamariense. Chiang Mai Journal of Science 41(2): 275–285.
Straatsma G, van Griensven LJLD, Bruinsma J. 1986. Root influence on in vitro growth of hyphae of the mycorrhizal mushroom Cantharellus cibarius replaced by carbon dioxide. Physiologia Plantarum 67: 521–528; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1986. tb05050.x.
Stoll VS, Blanchard JS. 1990. Buffers: principles and practice. In: Deutscher MP (ed) Methods in enzymology vol. 182, Guide to protein purification. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 24–38.
Tata MH, Van Noordwijk M, Summerbell R, Wegger MJA. 2010. Limited response to nursery–stage mycorhiza inoculation of Shorea seedlings planted in rubber agroforest in Jambai, Indonesia. New Forests 39: 51–74; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11056-009-9155-6
Tedersoo L, Bahram M, Põlme S, et al. 2014. Global diversity and geography of soil fungi. Science 346, 6213; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/ science.1256688.
Thongklang N, Hyde KD, Bussaban B, Lumyong S. 2010. Culture condition, inoculum production and host response of a wild mushroom, Phlebopus portentosus strain CMUHH121–005. Maejo International Journal of Science and Technology 5(3): 413–425.
Watling R, Lee SS. 1995. Ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with members of the Dipterocarpaceae in Peninsular Malaysia–I. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 7: 657–669.
Watling R, Lee SS. 1998. Ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with members of the Dipterocarpaceae in Peninsular Malaysia–II. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 10: 421–430.
Watling R, Lee SS. 2007. Mycorrhizal mycodiversity in Malaysia. In: Jones EBG, Hyde KD, Vikineswary S. (eds.) Malaysian fungal diversity. Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya & Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 201–219.
Wheeler KA, Hurdman BF, Pit JI. 1991. Influence of pH on the growth of some toxigenic species of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. International Journal of Food Microbiology 12: 141–150; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1605(91)90063-U.
Yamada A, Katsuya K. 1995. Mycorrhizal association of isolates from sporocarps and ectomycorrhizas with Pinus densiflora seedlings. Mycoscience 36: 315–323.
Yamanaka T. 2003. The effect of pH on the growth of saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal ammonia fungi in vitro. Mycologia 95(4): 584–589.
Yomyart S. 2008. Community structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi and reforestation application in dipterocarpaceae. PhD. Thesis. Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok.