Short Communication: Optimization of extraction of sulfhydryl compounds from several legumes seeds in Indonesia with various ethanol concentrations
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Abstract. Wardatun S, Harahap Y, Mun’im A. 2020. Short Communication: Optimization of extraction of sulfhydryl compounds from several legumes seeds in Indonesia with various ethanol concentrations. Biodiversitas 21: 1060-1064. Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (petai Cina), Parkia speciosa Hassk. (petai), and Archidendron jiringa (Jack) I.C. Nielsen (jengkol) seeds extracts contain sulfhydryl compounds and have various therapeutic properties. The main objective of this research was to compare the effect of various ethanol concentration on the yield of extract and levels of sulfhydryl compounds from leguminous seeds. Dried seeds were macerated at room temperature (25°C) with a ratio of solids and solvents was 1:10. The solvent concentrations used were 30%, 50%, 70% and 96% ethanol. The yield of extract was expressed as the ratio of the weight of extract to the weight of dried seeds, the level of sulfhydryl compound was expressed as reduced L-glutathione (GSH) equivalent. The level of sulfhydryl compounds was determined by Ellman reagent and further analyzed using a spectrophotometer at 411 nm wavelength. Stink bean produced the highest yield of extract, while the highest level of sulfhydryl compounds was obtained from petai cina seed extract. The concentration of ethanol gave a significant difference to the yield of extract and the level of sulfhydryl compounds. The results showed that ethanol concentration affected the efficiency of the extraction of total sulfhydryl compounds and the yield of the extract on leguminous seeds.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Abdelhady N, & Abdallah G. 2016. HPLC/MS/MS study of phenolic compounds of Leucaena leucocephala legumes monitored with their in vitro antihyperglycemic activity. European Journal of Medicinal Plants 17(4); 1–9.
Alam N and Bristi NJ. 2013. Review on in vivo and in vitro methods evaluation of antioxidant activity. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 21;143–152.
Azwanida NN. 2015. A review on the extraction methods use in medicinal plants, principle, strength and limitation. Medicinal & Aromatic Plants 04(03); 3–8.
Azmir J, Zaidul ISM, Rahman MM, Sharif KM, Mohamed A, Sahena F, Jahurul MHA, Ghafoor A, Norulaini NAN, Omar AKM. 2013. Techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials: a review. Journal of Food Engineering 117(4); 426–436.
Baron M and & Sochor J. 2013. Estimation of thiol compounds cysteine and homocysteine in sources of protein by means of electrochemical techniques. International Journal of Electrochemical Science 8; 11072–11086.
Chhikara N, Devi HR, Jaglan S, Sharma P, and Gupta P. 2018. Bioactive compounds, food applications and health benefits of Parkia speciosa (stinky beans): a review. Agriculture & Food Security &(46); 1–9.
del Valle, JM, Mena C, and Budinich M. 2008. Extraction of garlic with supercritical CO2 and conventional organic solvents. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 25(03); 535-542.
Ellman, GL. 1959. Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 82; 70–77.
Gaucher C, Boudier A, Bonetti J, Clarot I, Leroy P, and Parent M. 2018. Glutathione?: antioxidant properties dedicated to nanotechnologies. Antioxidant 7(62); 1–21.
Gupta A, Naraniwal M, and Kothari V. 2012. Modern extraction methods for preparation of bioactive plant extracts. International Journal of Applied and Natural Sciences (IJANS) 1(1); 8–26.
Haque R, Parvez S, Pandey S, Sayeed I, Ali M, and Raisuddin S. 2003. Aqueous extract of walnut (Juglans regia L.) protects mice against cyclophosphamide- induced biochemical toxicity. Human & Experimental Toxicology 22(June); 473–480.
Khan H, Khan F, Khan BA, Wahab A, Jan SU, Mukhtair M, Ullah N, Haque N, Farid A. 2012. Oxidation of glutathione ( GSH ) in blood plasma due to oxidative stressors?: a case study of silver. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 6(21); 1502–1507.
Li, HT. 2012. Antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitor from Leucaena leucocephala. African Journal of Biotechnology 11(77); 14182–14185.
Lushchak, VI. 2012. Glutathione homeostasis and functions?: potential targets for medical interventions. Journal of Amino Acids 2012; 1–26.
Plaza M, and Turner C. 2015. Trends in analytical chemistry pressurized hot water extraction of bioactives. Trends in Analytical Chemistry 71; 39–54.
Pandey A and Tripathi S. 2014. Concept of standardization, extraction and pre-phytochemical screening strategies for herbal drug. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry JPP 115(25); 115–119.
Seyedan A, Alshawsh MA, Alshagga MA, Koosha S, and Mohamed Z. 2015. Medicinal Plants and Their Inhibitory Activities against Pancreatic Lipase?: A Review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015; 1-13
She LC, Liu CM, Chen CT, Li HT, Li WJ, and Chen CY. 2017. The anti-cancer and anti-metastasis effects of phytochemical constituents from Leucaena leucocephala. Biomedical Research 28(7); 2893–2897.
Shi J, Yu J, Pohorly J, Young JC, Bryan M and Wu Y. 2003. Optimization of the extraction of polyphenols from grape seed meal by aqueous ethanol solution. Food, Agriculture & Environmental 1(2); 42–47.
Shuai L and Luterbacher J. 2016. Organic solvent effects in biomass conversion reactions. ChemSos Chem 9; 133–155.
Syamsudin, Sumarny R, and Simanjuntak P. 2010. Antidiabetic activity of active fractions of Leucaena leucocephala (lmk) de Wit seeds in experiment model. European Journal of Scientific Research 43(3); 384–391.
Sun C, Wu Z, Wang Z and Zhang H. 2015. Effect of ethanol/water solvents on phenolic profiles and antioxidant properties of Beijing propolis extracts. Evidance-Based Complementary and AAternative Medicine 2015:1–10.
Suvachittanont W, Kurashima Y, Esumib H and Tsudac M. 1996. Formation of thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (thioproline), an effective nitrite-trapping agent in human body, in Parkia speciosa seeds and other edible leguminous seeds in Thailand. Food Chemistry 55(4); 359–363.
Verma, S. 2016. A review study on Leucaena leucocephala?: a multipurpose tree. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 2(2); 103–105.
Xu D, Li Y, Meng X, Zhou T, Zhou Y, Zheng and Zhang J. 2017. Natural antioxidants in foods and medicinal plants?: extraction, assessment and resources. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18(96); 20–31.