Butterfly as bioindicator for development of conservation areas in Bukit Reban Kambing, Bukit Belading and Bukit Tukau, Johor, Malaysia
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Abstract. Ismail N, Rahman A A A, Mohamed M, Abu Bakar M F, Tokiman L. 2020. Butterfly as bioindicator for development of conservation areas in Bukit Reban Kambing, Bukit Belading and Bukit Tukau, Johor, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 21: 334-344. Butterflies are often used as indicator surrogates to evaluate the quality of ecosystems. This is made possible due to their sensitive responses toward environmental fluctuations and habitat changes. Butterflies were collected opportunistically using aerial nets at three hill dipterocarp forests; Bukit Reban Kambing (BRK), Bukit Belading (BB) and Bukit Tukau (BT) of Johor, Malaysia from 8th to 11th March 2016. The objectives of this study are to provide a checklist of butterflies of the hills and evaluate habitat suitability in an effort to support the proposal to gazette the hills as part of the Gunung Ledang protected area. A total of 60 individuals belonging to 23 species, 21 genera, and five families were recorded. Comparing the three hills, BRK recorded the greatest individual and species numbers, followed by BT and BB. BRK recorded the highest Shannon diversity index, H’ (2.272) value, whereas BB presented the highest value of species evenness index, E’ (0.945). MaxEnt modeling of the butterflies in BRK, BB, and BT showed a network of high habitat suitability areas connecting Gunung Ledang and our sampling locations. Despite limited sampling effort, this baseline data could possibly strengthen the effort for gazettement and prevent further pressure from mining activity and land conversion.
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References
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Aqilah AAR, Maryati M, Linatoc AC. 2018. Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) diversity in Bukit Soga, the green lung of Batu Pahat, Malaysia. AIP Conference Proceedings 2002: 020005-1-11.
Aqilah AAR. 2019. Prioritization of Conservation Areas using Species Distribution Modeling based on Current Data of Butterflies in Johor. [Dissertation]. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor. [Malaysia]
Aris NAZ, Zakaria N & Arumugam N. 2017. Diversity of Lepidoptera at R.E.A.C.H Biod Centre, Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. Journal of Wildlife and Parks, 32: 41-55.
Badli- Sham BH. 2018. Spatial Ecology of Anuran Amphibian at Sekayu Lowland Forests, Terengganu, Malaysia, with Remarks on the Distribution of the Peninsular Malaysian Frog Fauna. [Dissertation]. Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu. [Malaysia]
Bonebrake TC, Pickett EJ, Tsang TPN, Tak CY, Vu MQ, Vu LV. 2016. Warming threat compounds habitat degradation impacts on a tropical butterfly community in Vietnam. Global Ecology and Conservation 8: 203-211.
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Corbet A, Pendlebury H. 1992. The Butterflies of Malay Peninsula (4th edition). Malayan Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur.
Eliot J, Kirton L. 2000. The revisional notes and nomenclatural changes of some Peninsular Malaysia butterflies. Malayan Nature Journal 54: 131- 145.
Elith J, Phillips SJ, Hastie T, Dudik M, Chee YE, Yates CJ. 2011. A statistical explanation of MaxEnt for ecologist. Diversity and Distributions, 17: 43- 57.
Foggo A, Rundle SD, Bilton DT. 2003. The net result: evaluating species richness extrapolation techniques for littoral pond invertebrates. Freshwater Biology 48: 1756-1764.
Gerlach J, Samways M, Pryke J. 2013. Terrestrial invertebrates as bioindicators: an overview of available taxonomic groups. Journal of Insect Conservation, 17: 831-850.
Ghazali N, Jauhari MAA & Sulaiman N. 2018. An updated checklist of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) from the Fraser’s Hill, Pahang, Malaysia. Serangga, 23: 143-154.
Gopal B. 2015. Guidelines for Rapid Assessment of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services of Wetlands. National Institute of Ecology, New Delhi.
Hamer K, Hill J, Mustaffa N, Benedick S, Sherratt T, Chey V, Maryati M. 2005. Temporal variation in abundance and diversity of butterflies in Bornean rain forests: opposite impacts of logging recorded in different seasons. Journal of Tropical Ecology: 417-425.
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Ismail N, Maryati M, Phon CK, Tokiman L. 2018. Spatial distribution of butterfly (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in Taman Negara Johor Endau Rompin (Peta), Mersing, Johor, Malaysia. Journal of Science and Technology, 10: 17-21.
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Joshi PC, Arya M. 2007. Butterfly communities along altitudinal gradients in a protected forest in the Western Himalayas, India. The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University, 7: 1-9.
Jutta M, Chew KL. Saw LG. 2010. A new species of Cycas (Cycadaceae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Blumea 55:249-252.
Kirton L, Kirton C, Tan M. 1990. Butterflies of Kuala Tahan and Gunung Tahan in Taman Negara. Journal Wildlife and Parks, 10: 62-77.
Kirton L. 2014. A Naturalist’s Guide to the Butterflies of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford.
Kyerematen R, Adu-Acheampong S, Acquah-Lamptey D, Anderson RS, Owusu EH, Mantey J. 2018. Butterfly diversity: an indicator for environmental health within Tarkwa Gold Mine, Ghana. Environment and Natural Resources Research, 8: 69-83.
Li WW, Shen HY, David CL, Yu FH. 2010. Elucidating genetic signatures of native and introduced populations of the Cycad Blue, Chilades pandava to Taiwan: a threat both to Sago palm and to native Cycas populations worldwide. Biol Invasions: 1-21.
Lien VV, Yuan D. 2003. The differences of butterfly (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) communities in habitats with various degrees of disturbance and altitudes in tropical forests of Vietnam. Biodiversity and Conservation 12: 1099-1111.
Madun A, Zainal Abidin MH, Baharudin MFT. 2017. Geological mapping at Bukit Belading, Bukit Tukau and Bukit Reban Kambing at Ledang district. Seminar Warisan Semulajadi Johor 2017, M Suite Hotelm Johor Bahru, Johorm Malaysia, 13014 March 2017.
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Maryati M, David MC, Mohd-Razali NA & Ahmad-Rajini F. 2014. Inventory of insects groups in Gunung Ledang, Johor, Malaysia. Serangga, 19: 1-29.
Nkongolo NV, Bapeamoni F. 2018. The effect of land use type on butterfly diversity at Masako Forest Reserve, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Mohd Taher T, Lihan T, Mustapha MA, Nor MS. 2018. Habitat selection of Tragulus napu and Tragulus javanicus using MaxEnt analysis. AIP Conference Proceedings 1940: 020058.
Pang S, Sayok A, Jenang M. 2016. Diversity of butterflies on Gunung Serambu, Sarawak, Malaysia. In: Das I, Tuen A (eds) Tropics in Biodiversity and Conservation: Naturalists, Explorers and Field Scientists in South- East Asia and Australia. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland.
Phillips S, Anderson RP, Schapire RE. 2006. Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecological Modelling, 190: 231 – 259.
International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 10: 131-144.
Ramesh T, Hussain KJ, Satpathy KK, Selvanayagam M. 2013. Seasonal population dynamics and migration of butterflies in coastal plains of Kalpakkam, southern India. In: Gupta VK, Verma AK (eds) Animal Diversity Natural History and Conservation. M/S Daya Publishing House, New Delhi.
Scriven SA, Beale CM, Benedick S, Hill JK. 2017. Barriers to dispersal of rain forest butterflies in tropical agricultural landscapes. Biotropica, 49: 206-216.
Siddiki A. 2015. Insect Diversity and Composition during the Wet and Dry Seasons in Three Forest Types in Johor, Malaysia. [Dissertation]. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor. [Malaysia].
Sulaiman N, Mohd-Nafi MN, Ishak SM, Abdullah M. 2009. Butterfly fauna (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) of Panti Forest Reserve. In: Razani U, Koh HL, Abdul- Rahman, Yahya M, Mohd- Rahim R, Norhayati A, Latiff A (eds) Kepelbagaian Biologi Hutan Simpan Panti, Johor: Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal, Biologi dan Sosio- ekonomi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
Sulaiman N, Tahir AM, Abdullah M. 2011. Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) fauna of Imbak Canyon Conservation Area, with special reference to Gunung Kuli Base Camp. In: Latiff A, Sinun W (eds) Imbak Canyon Conservation Area, Sabah: Geology, Biodiversity and Socio-economic Environment. Akademi Sains Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
Vu LV, Vu CQ. 2011. Diversity pattern of butterfly communities (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) in different habitat types in a tropical rain forest of southern Vietnam. ISRN Zoology: 1-8.
Vu LV. 2009. Diversity and similarity of butterfly communities in five different habitat types at Tam Dao National Park, Vietnam. Journal of Zoology, 277: 15-22.
Zaidi M, Azman S, Norela S, Poh L. 2005. Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) fauna of Gunung Stong Forest Reserve. In: Mohamad- Ismail S, Taha D, Shafie A, Md- Som J, Faridah- Hanum I, Latiff A (eds) Taman Negeri Gunung Stong, Kelantan: Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal, Biologi dan Sosio- ekonomi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
Abu Zarim NAS, Ahmad A. 2014. Checklist of butterfly fauna at Kuala Lompat, Krau Wildlife Reserve, Pahang, Malaysia. Journal of Wildlife and Parks, 28: 63-72.
Ahmad- Zaini MIH. 2017. Assessing Species Richness and Diversity of Odonata in Sekayu Lowland Forest, Terengganu. [Dissertation]. Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu. [Malaysia]
Aqilah AAR, Maryati M, Linatoc AC. 2018. Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) diversity in Bukit Soga, the green lung of Batu Pahat, Malaysia. AIP Conference Proceedings 2002: 020005-1-11.
Aqilah AAR. 2019. Prioritization of Conservation Areas using Species Distribution Modeling based on Current Data of Butterflies in Johor. [Dissertation]. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor. [Malaysia]
Aris NAZ, Zakaria N & Arumugam N. 2017. Diversity of Lepidoptera at R.E.A.C.H Biod Centre, Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. Journal of Wildlife and Parks, 32: 41-55.
Badli- Sham BH. 2018. Spatial Ecology of Anuran Amphibian at Sekayu Lowland Forests, Terengganu, Malaysia, with Remarks on the Distribution of the Peninsular Malaysian Frog Fauna. [Dissertation]. Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu. [Malaysia]
Bonebrake TC, Pickett EJ, Tsang TPN, Tak CY, Vu MQ, Vu LV. 2016. Warming threat compounds habitat degradation impacts on a tropical butterfly community in Vietnam. Global Ecology and Conservation 8: 203-211.
ButterflyCircle. 2019. Life History of the Psyche. Retrieved August 25, 2019, from http://butterflycircle.blogspot.my/2011/02/life-history-of-psyche.html
Cleary DFR, Boyle TJB, Setyawati T, Menken SBJ. 2005. The impact of logging on the abundance, species richness and community composition of butterfly guilds in Borneo. JEN, 129: 52-59.
Corbet A, Pendlebury H. 1992. The Butterflies of Malay Peninsula (4th edition). Malayan Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur.
Eliot J, Kirton L. 2000. The revisional notes and nomenclatural changes of some Peninsular Malaysia butterflies. Malayan Nature Journal 54: 131- 145.
Elith J, Phillips SJ, Hastie T, Dudik M, Chee YE, Yates CJ. 2011. A statistical explanation of MaxEnt for ecologist. Diversity and Distributions, 17: 43- 57.
Foggo A, Rundle SD, Bilton DT. 2003. The net result: evaluating species richness extrapolation techniques for littoral pond invertebrates. Freshwater Biology 48: 1756-1764.
Gerlach J, Samways M, Pryke J. 2013. Terrestrial invertebrates as bioindicators: an overview of available taxonomic groups. Journal of Insect Conservation, 17: 831-850.
Ghazali N, Jauhari MAA & Sulaiman N. 2018. An updated checklist of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) from the Fraser’s Hill, Pahang, Malaysia. Serangga, 23: 143-154.
Gopal B. 2015. Guidelines for Rapid Assessment of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services of Wetlands. National Institute of Ecology, New Delhi.
Hamer K, Hill J, Mustaffa N, Benedick S, Sherratt T, Chey V, Maryati M. 2005. Temporal variation in abundance and diversity of butterflies in Bornean rain forests: opposite impacts of logging recorded in different seasons. Journal of Tropical Ecology: 417-425.
Hazebroek HP, Morshidi ABA. 2006. National Parks of Sarawak. Natural History Publications, Kota Kinabalu.
Hill J, Hamer K, Dawood M, Tangah J, Chey V. 2003. Rainfall but not selective logging affect changes in abundance of a tropical forest butterfly in Sabah, Borneo. Journal of Tropical Ecology: 35-42.
Ismail N, Maryati M, Phon CK, Tokiman L. 2018. Spatial distribution of butterfly (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in Taman Negara Johor Endau Rompin (Peta), Mersing, Johor, Malaysia. Journal of Science and Technology, 10: 17-21.
Ismail N, Maryati M, Phon CK, Tokiman L. 2018. Spatial distribution of butterfly (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) along altitudinal gradients at Gunung Ledang National Park, Johor, Malaysia. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2002: 020047-1-10
Joshi PC, Arya M. 2007. Butterfly communities along altitudinal gradients in a protected forest in the Western Himalayas, India. The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University, 7: 1-9.
Jutta M, Chew KL. Saw LG. 2010. A new species of Cycas (Cycadaceae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Blumea 55:249-252.
Kirton L, Kirton C, Tan M. 1990. Butterflies of Kuala Tahan and Gunung Tahan in Taman Negara. Journal Wildlife and Parks, 10: 62-77.
Kirton L. 2014. A Naturalist’s Guide to the Butterflies of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford.
Kyerematen R, Adu-Acheampong S, Acquah-Lamptey D, Anderson RS, Owusu EH, Mantey J. 2018. Butterfly diversity: an indicator for environmental health within Tarkwa Gold Mine, Ghana. Environment and Natural Resources Research, 8: 69-83.
Li WW, Shen HY, David CL, Yu FH. 2010. Elucidating genetic signatures of native and introduced populations of the Cycad Blue, Chilades pandava to Taiwan: a threat both to Sago palm and to native Cycas populations worldwide. Biol Invasions: 1-21.
Lien VV, Yuan D. 2003. The differences of butterfly (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) communities in habitats with various degrees of disturbance and altitudes in tropical forests of Vietnam. Biodiversity and Conservation 12: 1099-1111.
Madun A, Zainal Abidin MH, Baharudin MFT. 2017. Geological mapping at Bukit Belading, Bukit Tukau and Bukit Reban Kambing at Ledang district. Seminar Warisan Semulajadi Johor 2017, M Suite Hotelm Johor Bahru, Johorm Malaysia, 13014 March 2017.
Magurran AE, Henderson P. 2011. Measuring Biological Diversity. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
Magurran AE, McGill B. 2011. Biological Diversity Frontiers in Measurement and Assessment. Oxford University Press, New York.
Maryati M, David MC, Mohd-Razali NA & Ahmad-Rajini F. 2014. Inventory of insects groups in Gunung Ledang, Johor, Malaysia. Serangga, 19: 1-29.
Nkongolo NV, Bapeamoni F. 2018. The effect of land use type on butterfly diversity at Masako Forest Reserve, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Mohd Taher T, Lihan T, Mustapha MA, Nor MS. 2018. Habitat selection of Tragulus napu and Tragulus javanicus using MaxEnt analysis. AIP Conference Proceedings 1940: 020058.
Pang S, Sayok A, Jenang M. 2016. Diversity of butterflies on Gunung Serambu, Sarawak, Malaysia. In: Das I, Tuen A (eds) Tropics in Biodiversity and Conservation: Naturalists, Explorers and Field Scientists in South- East Asia and Australia. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland.
Phillips S, Anderson RP, Schapire RE. 2006. Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecological Modelling, 190: 231 – 259.
International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 10: 131-144.
Ramesh T, Hussain KJ, Satpathy KK, Selvanayagam M. 2013. Seasonal population dynamics and migration of butterflies in coastal plains of Kalpakkam, southern India. In: Gupta VK, Verma AK (eds) Animal Diversity Natural History and Conservation. M/S Daya Publishing House, New Delhi.
Scriven SA, Beale CM, Benedick S, Hill JK. 2017. Barriers to dispersal of rain forest butterflies in tropical agricultural landscapes. Biotropica, 49: 206-216.
Siddiki A. 2015. Insect Diversity and Composition during the Wet and Dry Seasons in Three Forest Types in Johor, Malaysia. [Dissertation]. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor. [Malaysia].
Sulaiman N, Mohd-Nafi MN, Ishak SM, Abdullah M. 2009. Butterfly fauna (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) of Panti Forest Reserve. In: Razani U, Koh HL, Abdul- Rahman, Yahya M, Mohd- Rahim R, Norhayati A, Latiff A (eds) Kepelbagaian Biologi Hutan Simpan Panti, Johor: Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal, Biologi dan Sosio- ekonomi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
Sulaiman N, Tahir AM, Abdullah M. 2011. Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) fauna of Imbak Canyon Conservation Area, with special reference to Gunung Kuli Base Camp. In: Latiff A, Sinun W (eds) Imbak Canyon Conservation Area, Sabah: Geology, Biodiversity and Socio-economic Environment. Akademi Sains Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
Vu LV, Vu CQ. 2011. Diversity pattern of butterfly communities (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) in different habitat types in a tropical rain forest of southern Vietnam. ISRN Zoology: 1-8.
Vu LV. 2009. Diversity and similarity of butterfly communities in five different habitat types at Tam Dao National Park, Vietnam. Journal of Zoology, 277: 15-22.
Zaidi M, Azman S, Norela S, Poh L. 2005. Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) fauna of Gunung Stong Forest Reserve. In: Mohamad- Ismail S, Taha D, Shafie A, Md- Som J, Faridah- Hanum I, Latiff A (eds) Taman Negeri Gunung Stong, Kelantan: Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal, Biologi dan Sosio- ekonomi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.