Effectiveness of herbs containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Elephantopus scaber L and Amaranthus tricolor L in iron deficiency anemia patients
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Abstract
Objective: this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of herbs containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Elephantopus scaber L and Amaranthus tricolor L compared with iron supplement in Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) subjects.
Materials and Methods: a total of 128 subjects with IDA were recruited and randomly assigned to one of the two groups: Anemia herbs (AH) (n=64) and Iron supplement (IS) (n=64). The AH group received herbs containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Elephantopus scaber L and Amaranthus tricolor L two times daily and the IS group received Hufabion capsul for 4 weeks. Outcome measures were assesed 4 weeks after intervention. The outcomes of this study were hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), serum iron (SI), total iron banding capacity (TIBC) and quality of life (QOL) by using short form-36 (SF-36). Ethical Committee of NIHRD approval was obtained for this study.
Results: A significant QOL effect in score of SF-36 of AH group was found after 4 weeks intervention (p<0,05). In contrast, no significant effect were found for the value of Hb, MCV , SI and TIBC (p>0,05) in the AH group. In the IS group, there were significant differences for value of Hb, MCV, SI, TIBC and SF-36 scores (p=0,000). Significant group effects were found for the value of Hb, MCV, SI and TIBC when comparing the IS group to AH group. There were also no significant differences between groups for QOL scores after 4 weeks intervention.
Conclusion: Herbs containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Elephantopus scaber L and Amaranthus tricolor L proved to be an effective complementary therapy by improve QOL in the IDA patients.
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References
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Chan, K. K. L., T. J. Yao, B. Jones, J. F. Zhao, F. K. Ma, C. Y. Leung, S. K. Lau, M. W. Yip, and H. Y. S Ngan. 2011. “The Use of Chinese Herbal Medicine to Improve Quality of Life in Women Undergoing Chemotherapy for Ovarian Cancer: A Double-Blind Placebo- Controlled Randomized Trial with Immunolog...” Annals of Oncology. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdq749.
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Han, Yan, Huan Wang, Weiru Xu, Bangwei Cao, Lei Han, Liqun Jia, Yongmei Xu, et al. 2016. “Complementary Therapies in Medicine Chinese Herbal Medicine as Maintenance Therapy for Improving the Quality of Life for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.” Complementary Therapies in Medicine 24: 81–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2015.12.008.
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Kumari, Rekha, Raushan Kumar Bharti, Kalpana Singh, and Archana Sinha. 2017. “Prevalence of Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Adolescent Girls in a Tertiary Care Hospital.” Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 11 (8): 10–12. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2017/26163.10325.
Lins, Liliane, and Fernando Martins Carvalho. 2016. “SF-36 Total Score as a Single Measure of Health-Related Quality of Life?: Scoping Review.” SAGE Open Medicine 4. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312116671725.
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Mirzaei Najmabadi, Khadijeh, Mitra Mahdavian, Hossein Hosseinzade, S Makvandi, and Karimi Leyla. 2017. “Herbal Medicines for Improving Quality of Life in Menopause Women?: A Systematic Review.” Women’s Health & Gynecology 3 (2).
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Nikolay, Birgit, Simon J Brooker, and Rachel L Pullan. 2014. “Sensitivity of Diagnostic Tests for Human Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections?: A Meta-Analysis in the Absence of a True Gold Standard.” International Journal for Parasitology 44 (11): 765–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.05.009.
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Pasricha, Sant-rayn, Hal Drakesmith, James Black, David Hipgrave, and Beverley-ann Biggs. 2013. “Control of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.” Blood Journal 121 (14). https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-09-453522.The.
Perwitasari, Dyah Aryani, Nur Mahdi, Mustika Muthaharah, and I Nyoman Kertia. 2016. “Quality of Life of Patients Prescribed with Herbal Medicine.” Jurnal Farmasi Sains Dan Komunitas 13 (2).
Petry, Nicolai, Ibironke Olofin, Richard F Hurrell, Erick Boy, James P Wirth, Mourad Moursi, Moira Donahue Angel, and Fabian Rohner. n.d. “The Proportion of Anemia Associated with Iron Deficiency in Low , Medium , and High Human Development Index Countries?: A Systematic Analysis of National Surveys,” 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8110693.
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Rumimper, Esther Ariny, Jimmy Posangi, and Jane Wuisan. 2014. “Uji Efek Perasan Daun Bayam Merah (Amaranthus Tricolor) Terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin Pada Tikus Wistar (Rattus Norvegicus).” Jurnal E-Biomedik 2: 2–4.
Saha, Upasana, Purva Sudesh Dharwadkar, Susmita Sur, V Vishaharini, and Madhu Malleshappa. 2018. “Plant Extracts as an Astounding Remedy to Anemia - A Review.” Annals of Plant Sciences 4: 2166–71.
Saifudin, Abdul B. 2002. Buku Panduan Praktis Pelayanan Kesehatan Maternal Dan Neonatal. Jakarta: Yayasan Bina Pustaka Sarwono Prawirohardjo.
Sarker, Umakanta, and Shinya Oba. 2018. “Augmentation of Leaf Color Parameters , Pigments , Vitamins , Phenolic Acids , Flavonoids and Antioxidant Activity in Selected Amaranthus Tricolor under Salinity Stress.” Scientific Reports, no. August: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-30897-6.
Saydam, Birsen Karaca, Fulden Sarac, Rabia Ekti Genc, and Esin Ceber Turfan. 2017. “Prevalence of Anemia and Related Factors among Women in Turkey.” Pakistan Journal of Medical Science 33 (2): 433–38.
Sheeba, Kannakuzhiyil Oommen, Pallara Janardhanan Wills, Bhaskara Kurup Latha, and Rajagopal Rajalekshmy. 2012. “Antioxidant and Antihepatotoxic Efficacy of Methanolic Extract of Elephantopus Scaber Linn in Wistar Rats.” Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease.
Sihombing, J, L Hakim, T M Andayani, and F Irijanto. 2017. “Quality of Life of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Routine Hemodialysis in General Hospitals in Sleman Yogyakarta.” International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9 (2).
Srivastava, Rajani. 2017. “An Updated Review on Phyto-Pharmacological and Pharmacognostical Profile of Amaranthus Tricolor?: A Herb of Nutraceutical Potentials.” The Pharma Innovation Journal 6 (6): 124–29.
Strauss, William E, Naomi V Dahl, Saroj Vadhan-raj, Kristine Bernard, Rene Dickerhoof, Zhu Li, and F Lee. 2016. “Effects of IV Iron Treatment with Ferumoxytol on Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia.” The Journal of Community and Supportive Oncology 14 (August): 342–50. https://doi.org/10.12788/jcso.0232.342.
Subositi, Dyah, and Slamet Wahyono. 2019. “Study of the Genus Curcuma in Indonesia Used as Traditional Herbal Medicines.” Biodiversitas 20 (5): 1356–61. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200527.
Sumarlan, Eka S, Endang Windiastuti, Hartono Gunardi, General Hospital, and West Papua. 2018. “Iron Status , Prevalence and Risk Factors of Iron Deficiency Anemia Among 12- to 15-Year-Old Adolescent Girls from Different Socioeconomic Status in Indonesia.” Makara J. Health Res 22 (1): 46–52. https://doi.org/10.7454/msk.v22i1.8078.
Tan, Bee Ling, Mohd Esa Norhaizan, and Winnie-pui-pui Liew. 2018. “Antioxidant and Oxidative Stress?: A Mutual Interplay in Age-Related Diseases.” Frontiers in Pharmacology 9 (October): 1–28. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.01162.
Ugwuja, Emmanuel Ike, Lawrence Ulu Ogbonnaya, Akuma Johnson Obuna, Femi Awelegbe, and Henry Uro-chukwu. 2015. “Anaemia in Relation to Body Mass Index ( BMI ) and Socio- Demographic Characteristics in Adult Nigerians in Ebonyi State.” Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 9 (1): 7–10. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2015/9811.5485.
Al-alimi, Abdullah Ahmed, Salem Bashanfer, and Mohammed Abdo Morish. 2018. “Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia among University Students in Hodeida Province , Yemen.” Hindawi 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4157876.
Aldi, Yufri, Dwisari Dillasamola, and Nabila Rifa. 2019. “Effect of Ethanol from Extract of Tapak Liman Leaves ( Elephantopus Scaber Linn .) on Hematopoiesis of Anemia Mice.” International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Allied Sciences 8 (2): 157–67.
Ando, Kiyoshi, Satoshi Morita, Takahiro Higashi, Shunichi Fukuhara, and Shigeki Watanabe. 2006. “Health-Related Quality of Life Among Japanese Women with Iron Deficiency Anemia.” Quality of Life Research, 1559–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-006-0030-z.
Ardiyanto, Danang, Saryanto, and Tofan Aries Mana. 2017. “Peningkatan Nilai Hemoglobin, MCV, MCH Dan Feritin Pada Kasus Anemia Defisiensi Besi Dengan Ramuan Jamu Di Klinik Saintifikasi Jamu Hortus Medicus.” MGMI, 127–36.
Badan Litbang Kesehatan, Kementrian Kesehatan RI. 2017. “Eksplorasi Pengetahuan Lokal Etnomedisin.”
Chan, K. K. L., T. J. Yao, B. Jones, J. F. Zhao, F. K. Ma, C. Y. Leung, S. K. Lau, M. W. Yip, and H. Y. S Ngan. 2011. “The Use of Chinese Herbal Medicine to Improve Quality of Life in Women Undergoing Chemotherapy for Ovarian Cancer: A Double-Blind Placebo- Controlled Randomized Trial with Immunolog...” Annals of Oncology. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdq749.
Galen, E Van, and B Kroes. 2014. “Assessment Report on Curcuma Xanthorrhiza Roxb . ( C . Xanthorrhiza D . Dietrich ), Rhizoma.” Vol. 44.
Han, Yan, Huan Wang, Weiru Xu, Bangwei Cao, Lei Han, Liqun Jia, Yongmei Xu, et al. 2016. “Complementary Therapies in Medicine Chinese Herbal Medicine as Maintenance Therapy for Improving the Quality of Life for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.” Complementary Therapies in Medicine 24: 81–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2015.12.008.
Iannitti, T, and B Palmieri. 2009. “Antioxidant Therapy Effectiveness?: An up to Date.” European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 245–78.
Kumari, Rekha, Raushan Kumar Bharti, Kalpana Singh, and Archana Sinha. 2017. “Prevalence of Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Adolescent Girls in a Tertiary Care Hospital.” Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 11 (8): 10–12. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2017/26163.10325.
Lins, Liliane, and Fernando Martins Carvalho. 2016. “SF-36 Total Score as a Single Measure of Health-Related Quality of Life?: Scoping Review.” SAGE Open Medicine 4. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312116671725.
Liu, Ken, and Arthur J Kaffes. 2012. “Iron Deficiency Anaemia?: A Review of Diagnosis , Investigation and Management.” European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 24: 109–16. https://doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0b013e32834f3140.
Lwanga, and Lemeshow. 2006. Sample Size Determination in Health Studies.
Mirzaei Najmabadi, Khadijeh, Mitra Mahdavian, Hossein Hosseinzade, S Makvandi, and Karimi Leyla. 2017. “Herbal Medicines for Improving Quality of Life in Menopause Women?: A Systematic Review.” Women’s Health & Gynecology 3 (2).
Motoo, Yoshiharu, Hisatsugu Mouri, Koushiro Ohtsubo, Yasushi Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki Watanabe, and Norio Sawabu. 2005. “Herbal Medicine Ninjinyoeito Ameliorates Ribavirin-Induced Anemia in Chronic Hepatitis C?: A Randomized Controlled Trial.” World Journal of Gastroenterology 11 (26): 4013–17.
Nikolay, Birgit, Simon J Brooker, and Rachel L Pullan. 2014. “Sensitivity of Diagnostic Tests for Human Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections?: A Meta-Analysis in the Absence of a True Gold Standard.” International Journal for Parasitology 44 (11): 765–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.05.009.
Nisa, Ulfatun, and Peristiwan R Widhi Astana. 2019. “Evaluation of Antiurolithic Herbal Formula for Urolithiasis?: A Randomized Open Label Clinical Study.” Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 12 (3).
Nurhayati, and Lucie Widowati. 2016. “Herbal Therapy and Quality of Life in Hypertension Patients at Health Facilities Providing Complementary Therapy.” Health Science Journal of Indonesia, 32–36.
Oon, Seok Fang, Meenakshii Nallappan, Thiam Tsui Tee, Shamarina Shohaimi, and Nur Kartinee Kassim. 2015. “Xanthorrhizol?: A Review of Its Pharmacological Activities and Anticancer Properties.” Cancer Cell International, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-015-0255-4.
PAPDI. 2005. Anemia Defisiensi Besi. Jakarta: PB PAPDI.
Pasricha, Sant-rayn, Hal Drakesmith, James Black, David Hipgrave, and Beverley-ann Biggs. 2013. “Control of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.” Blood Journal 121 (14). https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-09-453522.The.
Perwitasari, Dyah Aryani, Nur Mahdi, Mustika Muthaharah, and I Nyoman Kertia. 2016. “Quality of Life of Patients Prescribed with Herbal Medicine.” Jurnal Farmasi Sains Dan Komunitas 13 (2).
Petry, Nicolai, Ibironke Olofin, Richard F Hurrell, Erick Boy, James P Wirth, Mourad Moursi, Moira Donahue Angel, and Fabian Rohner. n.d. “The Proportion of Anemia Associated with Iron Deficiency in Low , Medium , and High Human Development Index Countries?: A Systematic Analysis of National Surveys,” 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8110693.
Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian K. 2016. “Situasi Gizi Di Indonesia.” Jakarta.
Rosidi, Ali, Ali Khomsan, Budi Setiawan, Hadi Riyadi, and Dodik Briawan. 2016. “Antioxidant Potential of Temulawak (Curcuma Xanthorrhiza Roxb).” Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, no. June: 556–60. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2016.556.560.
Rumimper, Esther Ariny, Jimmy Posangi, and Jane Wuisan. 2014. “Uji Efek Perasan Daun Bayam Merah (Amaranthus Tricolor) Terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin Pada Tikus Wistar (Rattus Norvegicus).” Jurnal E-Biomedik 2: 2–4.
Saha, Upasana, Purva Sudesh Dharwadkar, Susmita Sur, V Vishaharini, and Madhu Malleshappa. 2018. “Plant Extracts as an Astounding Remedy to Anemia - A Review.” Annals of Plant Sciences 4: 2166–71.
Saifudin, Abdul B. 2002. Buku Panduan Praktis Pelayanan Kesehatan Maternal Dan Neonatal. Jakarta: Yayasan Bina Pustaka Sarwono Prawirohardjo.
Sarker, Umakanta, and Shinya Oba. 2018. “Augmentation of Leaf Color Parameters , Pigments , Vitamins , Phenolic Acids , Flavonoids and Antioxidant Activity in Selected Amaranthus Tricolor under Salinity Stress.” Scientific Reports, no. August: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-30897-6.
Saydam, Birsen Karaca, Fulden Sarac, Rabia Ekti Genc, and Esin Ceber Turfan. 2017. “Prevalence of Anemia and Related Factors among Women in Turkey.” Pakistan Journal of Medical Science 33 (2): 433–38.
Sheeba, Kannakuzhiyil Oommen, Pallara Janardhanan Wills, Bhaskara Kurup Latha, and Rajagopal Rajalekshmy. 2012. “Antioxidant and Antihepatotoxic Efficacy of Methanolic Extract of Elephantopus Scaber Linn in Wistar Rats.” Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease.
Sihombing, J, L Hakim, T M Andayani, and F Irijanto. 2017. “Quality of Life of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Routine Hemodialysis in General Hospitals in Sleman Yogyakarta.” International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9 (2).
Srivastava, Rajani. 2017. “An Updated Review on Phyto-Pharmacological and Pharmacognostical Profile of Amaranthus Tricolor?: A Herb of Nutraceutical Potentials.” The Pharma Innovation Journal 6 (6): 124–29.
Strauss, William E, Naomi V Dahl, Saroj Vadhan-raj, Kristine Bernard, Rene Dickerhoof, Zhu Li, and F Lee. 2016. “Effects of IV Iron Treatment with Ferumoxytol on Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia.” The Journal of Community and Supportive Oncology 14 (August): 342–50. https://doi.org/10.12788/jcso.0232.342.
Subositi, Dyah, and Slamet Wahyono. 2019. “Study of the Genus Curcuma in Indonesia Used as Traditional Herbal Medicines.” Biodiversitas 20 (5): 1356–61. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200527.
Sumarlan, Eka S, Endang Windiastuti, Hartono Gunardi, General Hospital, and West Papua. 2018. “Iron Status , Prevalence and Risk Factors of Iron Deficiency Anemia Among 12- to 15-Year-Old Adolescent Girls from Different Socioeconomic Status in Indonesia.” Makara J. Health Res 22 (1): 46–52. https://doi.org/10.7454/msk.v22i1.8078.
Tan, Bee Ling, Mohd Esa Norhaizan, and Winnie-pui-pui Liew. 2018. “Antioxidant and Oxidative Stress?: A Mutual Interplay in Age-Related Diseases.” Frontiers in Pharmacology 9 (October): 1–28. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.01162.
Ugwuja, Emmanuel Ike, Lawrence Ulu Ogbonnaya, Akuma Johnson Obuna, Femi Awelegbe, and Henry Uro-chukwu. 2015. “Anaemia in Relation to Body Mass Index ( BMI ) and Socio- Demographic Characteristics in Adult Nigerians in Ebonyi State.” Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 9 (1): 7–10. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2015/9811.5485.
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