Assessing the conservation status of tree fern Cibotium arachnoideum (C. Chr.) Holttum
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Abstract. Praptosuwiryo TN. 2020. Assessing the conservation status of tree fern Cibotium arachnoideum (C.Chr.) Holttum. Biodiversitas 21: 1379-1384. Cibotium arachnoideum (C.Chr.) Holttum (Cibotiaceae), is a large terrestrial fern with an upright or prostrate rhizome having densely shining reddish-brown of rigid hairs and one or two pairs of sori with two indusia forming a small cup on each lamina-segment. This tree fern is a rare species and strictly distributed in the Malesian region. The study aims to assess the conservation status of C. arachnoideum by using the 2012 IUCN Red List Catagories and Criteria (version 3.1.). Population size was estimated and observed both based on specimens deposited at the Herbarium Bogoriense (BO) and field studies in Sumatra. The area of occupancy (AOO) of this species is 44 km2. Cibotium arachnoideum is occurred in severely fragmented locations in the West Malesian region, in 2 locations, viz. Sumatra and Borneo. Sumatra has only two subpopulations, and Borneo has nine subpopulations. The number of mature individuals was only found 372 in one location of North Sumatra and 19 individuals in one location of Bengkulu. Therefore, C. arachnoideum is proposed as an endangered species, En: B2ab (i,ii,iii) + C2a (ii).
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References
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Praptosuwiryo TNg. 2003. Cibotium barometz. (L.) J. Smith. In: de Winter WP, Amoroso VB (eds) Plant Resources of South-East Asia 15 (2 Cryptogams: Ferns and Ferns Allies. Backhuys, Leiden.
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Praptosuwiryo TNg, Puspitaningtyas DM, Rugayah, Hartini S. 2010. Keragaman Paku Pohon Marga Cibotium di Sumatera. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biologi UGM 2010. Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. 180-189.
Praptosuwiryo TNg, Pribadi DO, Puspitaningtyas DM, Hartini S. 2011. Inventorying of the tree fern genus Cibotium of Sumatra: Ecology, population size and distribution in North Sumatra. Biodiversitas 12 (4): 204–211.
Praptosuwiryo TNg, Puspitaningtyas DM, Pribadi DO, Rugayah. 2017. Population Study of the Golden Chicken Fern (Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm.) in Riau Province, Sumatra. J Trop Life Science 7(2): 167–176.
Smith AR, Pryer KM, Schuettpelz E. Korall P, Schneider H, Wolf PG. 2006. A classification of extant ferns. Taxon 55(3): 705-731.
Walker LR, Aplet GH. 1994. Growth and fertilization responses of Hawaiian tree ferns. Biotropica 26: 378–383.
Brummitt N, Aletrari E, Syfert MM, Mulligan M. 2016. Where are threatened ferns found? Global conservation priorities for pteridophytes. J Syst Evol 54 (6): 604–616. doi: 10.1111/jse.12224.
Burgman MA, Maslin BR, Andrewartha D, Keatley MR, Boek C, McCarthy M. 2000. Inferring threat from scientific collections: power tests and an application to western Australian Acacia species. In: Ferson S, Burgman M (eds) Quantitative Methods for Conservation Biology. Springer, New York.
Butchart SHM, Stattersfield A, Bennun L, Shutes S, Akc¸akaya H, Baillie J, Stuart S, Hilton-Taylor C, Mace G. 2004. Measuring global trends in the status of biodiversity: Red List Indices for birds. PLOS Biol 2:229-2304.
Butchart SHM, Stattersfield A, Baillie J, Bennun L, Stuart S, Akc¸akaya H, Hilton-Taylor C, Mace G. 2005. Using Red List Indices to measure progress towards the 2010 target and beyond. Philos Trans R Soc 360:255–268.
Durand IZ, . Goldstein G. 2001. Photosynthesis, photoinhibition, and nitrogen use efficiency in native and invasive tree ferns in Hawaii. Oecologia 126: 345–354.
Ebihara A, Fraser-Jenkins CR, Parris BS, Zhang X-C, Yang Y-H, Chiou W-L, Chang H-M, Lindsay S, Middleton D, Masahiro Kato M, Praptosuwiryo TNg, Amoroso VB, Barcelona JF, Ranil RHG, Park C-H, N. Murakami M, Hoya A. 2012. Rare and threatened Pteridophytes of Asia 1. An enumeration of narrowly distributed taxa. Bul Nat Nat Sci Series B (Botany) 38(3): 93-119.
GRUBB PJ. 2003. Interpreting some outstanding features of the flora and vegetation of Madagascar. Prespect. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst. 6: 125–146.
MacDougall AS, Loo JA, Clayden SR, Goltz JG and Hinds HR. 1998. Defining conservation priorities for plant taxa in Southeastern New Brunswick, Canada using herbarium records. Biol Conserv 86: 325–338.
García-Criado M, Väre H, Nieto A, Bento Elias R, Dyer R, Ivanenko Y, Ivanova D, Lansdown R, Molina JA, Rouhan G, Rumsey F, Troia A, Vrba J, Christenhusz MJM. 2017. European Red List of Lycopods and Ferns. Brussels, Belgium: IUCN.
GSPC. 2002. Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. Convention on Biological Diversity. Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Herna´ndez HM, Navarro M. 2007. A new method to estimate areas of occupancy using herbarium data. Biodivers Conserv 16:2457–2470. DOI 10.1007/s10531-006-9134-6.
Holttum RE. 1963. Cyatheaceae. Flora Malesiana Ser II 1(2): 65-176.
IUCN. 2001. IUCN Red List categories and criteria, version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland
Maideen H, Arbawi YAM, Khaduwi NM, Kamil NMNM. 2018. A systematic study on the genus Cibotium Kaulf. of Peninsular Malaysia. Malays Appl Biol 47(3): 79–84.
Miller JS, Porter-Morgan HA, Stevens H, Boom B, Krupnick GA ,Acevedo-Rodr?´guez P, Fleming J, Gensler M. 2012. Addressing target two of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation by rapidly identifying plants at risk. Biodivers Conserv 21:1877–1887. DOI 10.1007/s10531-012-0285-3
Moran RC. 2008. Diversity, biogeography, and floristics. In: Ranker TA, Haufler CH (eds) Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycophytes. Cambridge University Press, New York.
LIPI (Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia). 2014. Status Kekinian Keanekaragaman hayati Indonesia. Indonesian Institute of Sciences.
Parris BS, Beaman RS, Beaman JH. 1992. The plants of Mount Kinabalu. I. Ferns and fern allies. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Rodrigues ASL, Pilgrim J, Lamoreux J, Hoffmann M, Brooks T. 2006. The value of IUCN Red List for conservation. Trends Ecol Evol 21:71–76.
Rugayah, Praptosuwiryo TNg, Puspitaningtyas DM. 2009. Morphological Variation of Cibotium barometz from West Sumatra. Proceedings on The International Conference on Biological Science. Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. 329 – 401pp.
Ong H, Nordiana M. 1999. Malay ethno-medico botany in Machang, Kelantan Malaysia. Fitoterapia. 70(5):502–513.
Pimm SL, Raven P. 2000. Extinction by numbers. Nature 403: 843–5.
Praptosuwiryo TNg. 2003. Cibotium barometz. (L.) J. Smith. In: de Winter WP, Amoroso VB (eds) Plant Resources of South-East Asia 15 (2 Cryptogams: Ferns and Ferns Allies. Backhuys, Leiden.
Praptosuwiryo TNg, Wardani W. 2008. Survei Cibotium barometz Bengkulu IV: Studi potensi, variasi morfologi dan monitoring regenerasinya secara vegetatif. Bidang Botani, Pusat Penelitian Biologi, LIPI. Laporan Teknis (Not published).
Praptosuwiryo TNg, Puspitaningtyas DM, Rugayah, Hartini S. 2010. Keragaman Paku Pohon Marga Cibotium di Sumatera. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biologi UGM 2010. Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. 180-189.
Praptosuwiryo TNg, Pribadi DO, Puspitaningtyas DM, Hartini S. 2011. Inventorying of the tree fern genus Cibotium of Sumatra: Ecology, population size and distribution in North Sumatra. Biodiversitas 12 (4): 204–211.
Praptosuwiryo TNg, Puspitaningtyas DM, Pribadi DO, Rugayah. 2017. Population Study of the Golden Chicken Fern (Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm.) in Riau Province, Sumatra. J Trop Life Science 7(2): 167–176.
Smith AR, Pryer KM, Schuettpelz E. Korall P, Schneider H, Wolf PG. 2006. A classification of extant ferns. Taxon 55(3): 705-731.
Walker LR, Aplet GH. 1994. Growth and fertilization responses of Hawaiian tree ferns. Biotropica 26: 378–383.
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