Evaluation of in vitro antagonistic activity of fungi from peatlands against Ganoderma species under acidic condition
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Abstract. Supriyanto, Purwanto, Poromarto SH, Supyani. 2020. Evaluation of in vitro antagonistic activity of fungi from peatlands against Ganoderma species under acidic conditions. Biodiversitas 21: 2935-2945. The use of peatlands is a significant contributor to the world’s palm oil production. A serious problem of oil palm plantations in peatlands is the high incidence of basal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by Ganoderma, which has a higher attack rate than on mineral soils. There is no effective way to control Ganoderma in peatlands. At present, the effort for the same focuses on environment-friendly biological methods; however, this is constrained by the unavailability of appropriate biological agents for peatlands. The development of biological control agents for peatlands is hampered by limited data on biological control of Ganoderma in peatlands. This research was conducted to evaluate the in vitro antagonistic activity of fungi isolated from a peatland in acidic pH conditions. Twenty-seven Ganoderma-antagonistic fungi from peatland were evaluated for their activity and their ability to antagonism in vitro within a pH range of 2-7. The results show that most antagonistic fungi from peatland, based on biomass weight, the sporulation ability, and germination of conidium, were able to grow optimally at pH 3.0-4.0, indicating that most of the Ganoderma-antagonistic fungi from peatland can be used as biological control agents for BSR on oil palms in peatlands.
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References
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Ariffin D, Idris AS, Singh G, 2000. Status of Ganoderma in oil palm. In: Flood J, Bridge PD, Holderness M, (Eds). Ganoderma diseases of perennial crops, CABI Publishing, New York.
Asran-Amala, A, S.M. Moustafa-Mahmoud, K.K. Sabet, & O.H. El Banna, 2010. In vitro antagonism of cotton seedlings fungi and characterization of chitinase isozyme activities in Trichoderma harzianum. SAUDI J BIOL SCI 17: 153 – 157.
Assis K, Chong KP, Idris AS, Ho CM, 2016. Economic Loss Due to Ganoderma Disease in Oil Palm. In: Proceeding of Indonesia Conference on Mathematics, Statistics and Scientific Computing, Kuala Lumpur, 11-12 February 2016.
Barchia MF, 2006. Gambut, Agroekosistem dan Transformasi Karbon. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta. [Indonesian]
Badan Pusat Statistik, 2018. Luas Tanaman Perkebunan Menurut Propinsi dan Jenis Tanaman, Indonesia (000 Ha), 2011-2017
Bagwan NG, 2010. Influence of temperature and pH on antagonistic potential of Trichoderma viride in vitro. Internat. J. Plant Protec. 3(2): 165-169
Bakker MG, Manter DK, Sheflin AM, Weir TL, Vivanc JM, 2012. Harnessing the rhizosphere microbiome through plant breeding and agricultural managemen. Plant soil 360: 1-13.
Casas-Flores S, Rios-Momberg M, Bibbins M, Ponce-Noyola P, Herrera-Estrella A, 2004. BLR-1 and BLR-2, key regulatory elements ofphotoconidiation and mycelial growth in Trichoderma atroviride. Microbiology 150: 3561–3569.
Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan, 2017. Statistik Perkebunan Indonesia 2016 – 2018.
Domsch KH, Gams W, 1972. Compendium of Soil Fungi, Volume I. Academic Press, London.
Fee CG, 2011. Management of Ganoderma Diseases in Oil Palm Plantations. The Planter, 87 (1022): 325-339.
Gibbs PA, Seviour RJ, Schmid F, 2000. Growth of Filamentous Fungi in Submerged Culture: Problems and Possible Solutions, Critical Reviews. Biotechnology, 20(1): 17-48.
Gowthaman MK, Krishna C, Young MM, 2001. Fungal solid-state fermentation- an overview. Applied Mycology and Biotechnology 1. Elsevier, Amsterdam. DOI: 10.1016/S1874-5334(01)80014-9.
Gross IS, Robbins IE, 2001. Acidophilic and Acid-tolerant fungi and Yeasts. Hydrobiologia 433: 91–109.
Huan LK, Wahidin U, 2010. Management of Ganoderma in peat soil in Indonesia. In: Proceeding of The Second International Seminar Oil Palm Diseases: Advances in Ganoderma Research and Management, Yogyakarta, 31 Mei 2001.
Hujslova M, Kubatova A, Kostovcik M, Blanchette RA, de Beer ZW, Chudíckova M, Kolarik M, 2014. Three new genera of fungi from extremely acidic soils. Mycol Progress 13: 819–831
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Jackson AM, Whipps JM, Lynch JM, 1991. Effects of temperature, pH and water potential on growth of four fungi with disease biocontrol potential. WORLD J MICROB BIOT 7: 494-501.
Kredics L, Antal Z, Manczinger L, Szekeres A, Kevei F, Nagy E, 2003. Influence of Environmental Parameters on Trichoderma Strains with Biocontrol Potential. Food Technol. Biotechnol. 41(1): 37–42.
Kredics L, Manczinger L, Antal Z, Penzes Z, Szekeres A, Kevei F, Nagy E, 2004. In vitro water activity and pH dependence of mycelial growth and extracellular enzyme activities of Trichoderma strains with biocontrol potential. J APPL MICROBIOL 96: 491–498
Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 2014. Malaysian oil palm statistics. Summary of The Malaysian Oil Palm Industry 2012.
McIlvaine TC, 1921. A buffer solution for colorimetric comparison. J BIOL CHEM 49: 183–186.
Miettinen J, Shi C, Liewolerant SC, 2016. Land cover distribution in the peatlands of Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo in 2015 with changes since 1990. Global Ecology and Conservation 6: 67–78
Mutert E, Fairhurst TH, von Uexküll HR, 1999. Agronomic Management of Oil Palms on Deep Peat. BCI 13(1): 22 – 27.
Naher L, Yusuf UK, Ismail A, Hossain K, 2014. Trichoderma spp.: A Biocontrol Agent for Sustainable Management Of Plant Diseases. Pak. J. Bot. 46(4): 1489 – 1493.
Najiyati S, Muslihat L, Suryadiputra INN, 2005. Panduan pengelolaan lahan gambut untuk pertanian berkelanjutan. Wetlands International – Indonesia Programme, Bogor. [Indonesian]
Notohadiprawiro RMT, 1985. Selidik cepat ciri tanah di lapangan. Ghalia Indonesia, Jakarta. [Indonesian)
Onilude AA, Seyi-Amole DO,.2018. Mycelia Growth and Spore Yield of Trichoderma harzianumin Batch and Fed-Batch Cultures: Influence of pH and Temperature. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci.7(04): 627-635. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.704.070
Paul GC, Thomas CR, 1998. Characterisation of Mycelial Morphology Using Image Analysis. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 60: 1-59.
Pilotti CA, 2005. Stem rots of oil palm caused by Ganoderma boninense: Pathogen biology and epidemiology. Mycopathologia 159: 129–137.
Rakib RM, Bong CJ, Khairulmazmi A, Idris AS, Jalloh MB, Ahmed OH, 2016. Association of Copper and Zinc Levels in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) to the Spatial Distribution of Ganoderma Species in the Plantations on Peat. J Phytopathol 165: 276-282.
Roy MK, Hembram S, Debnath A, 2015. Effect Of Different Media And Ph On Growth and Sporulation of Different Native Trichoderma spp. The Bioscan 10(4): 1833-1837
Said SD, 2007. Spore Production by Biocontrol Agent Trichoderma harzianum in Submerged Fermentation: Effect of Agitation and Aeration. Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia dan Lingkungan 6(2): 71-76
Singh A, Shahid M, Srivastava M, Pandey S, Sharma A, Kumar V, 2014. Optimal Physical Parameters for Growth of Trichoderma Species at Varying pH, Temperature and Agitation. Virol Mycol 3: 127.
Soepena H, Poerba RY, Pawirosukarto S, 2000. A Control strategy for basal stem rot (Ganoderma) on oil palm. In: Flood J, Bridge PD, Holderness M, (Eds). Ganoderma diseases of perennial crops. CABI Publishing, New York.
Supriyanto, Purwanto, Poromarto SH, Supyani, 2020. The relationship of some characteristics of peat with oil palm basal stem rot (BSR) caused by Ganoderma in peatlands. In: Proceeding The 4th International Conference on Climate Change: “Climate Change: The Risk to Sustainable and Environmental Issue”. Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 18–19 November 2019.
Steyaert JM, Weld RJ, Stewart A, 2010. Ambient pH intrinsically influences Trichoderma conidiation and colony morphology. FUNGAL BIOL-UK114: 198–208
Susanto A, 2009. Basal stem rot in Indonesia: biology, economic importance, epidemiology, detection, and control. In: Proceeding of The International Workshop on Awareness, Detection, and Control of Oil Palm Devastating Diseases. KLCC, Kuala Lumpur, 6 November 2009.
Thanh VN, Thuy NT, Huong HTT, Hien DD, Hang DTM, Anh DTK, Hüttner S, Larsbrink J, Olsson L, 2019. Surveying of acid-tolerant thermophilic lignocellulolytic fungi in Vietnam reveals surprisingly high genetic diversity. Scientific Reports 9:3674. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40213-5
Wahyunto A, Dariah, Pitono D, Sarwani M, 2013. Prospek Pemanfaatan Lahan Gambut Untuk Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Di Indonesia. Perspektif 12 (1): 11-22. [Indonesian]
Wibowo A, 1999. The effect of environmental factors on conidial germination, sporulation and growth of Trichoderma harzianum in vitro. JPTI 5(2): 108-113.
Widyastuti SM, Susanto A, Djoyobisono H, 2010. Beneficial soil microbes to suppress G. boninense in oil palm plantations: conceps and applications. In: Proceeding of the second international seminar oil palm diseases, advances in Ganoderma research and management. Yogyakarta, 2010.
Zehra A, Dubey MK, Meena M, Upadhyay RS, 2017. Effect of different environmental conditions on growth and sporulation of some Trichoderma species. J ENVIRON BIOL 38: 197-203
Alexopoulos CJ, Mims CW, Blackwell M, 1996. Introductory Mycology 4th Ed. John Wiley & Sons, Canada.
Andriesse JP, 1988. Nature and Management of Tropical Peat Soils, Food And Agriculture Organization Of The United Nations, Roma. http://www.fao.org/3/x5872e/x5872e06.htm#4.3.3%20Acidity.
Ariffin D, Idris AS, Singh G, 2000. Status of Ganoderma in oil palm. In: Flood J, Bridge PD, Holderness M, (Eds). Ganoderma diseases of perennial crops, CABI Publishing, New York.
Asran-Amala, A, S.M. Moustafa-Mahmoud, K.K. Sabet, & O.H. El Banna, 2010. In vitro antagonism of cotton seedlings fungi and characterization of chitinase isozyme activities in Trichoderma harzianum. SAUDI J BIOL SCI 17: 153 – 157.
Assis K, Chong KP, Idris AS, Ho CM, 2016. Economic Loss Due to Ganoderma Disease in Oil Palm. In: Proceeding of Indonesia Conference on Mathematics, Statistics and Scientific Computing, Kuala Lumpur, 11-12 February 2016.
Barchia MF, 2006. Gambut, Agroekosistem dan Transformasi Karbon. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta. [Indonesian]
Badan Pusat Statistik, 2018. Luas Tanaman Perkebunan Menurut Propinsi dan Jenis Tanaman, Indonesia (000 Ha), 2011-2017
Bagwan NG, 2010. Influence of temperature and pH on antagonistic potential of Trichoderma viride in vitro. Internat. J. Plant Protec. 3(2): 165-169
Bakker MG, Manter DK, Sheflin AM, Weir TL, Vivanc JM, 2012. Harnessing the rhizosphere microbiome through plant breeding and agricultural managemen. Plant soil 360: 1-13.
Casas-Flores S, Rios-Momberg M, Bibbins M, Ponce-Noyola P, Herrera-Estrella A, 2004. BLR-1 and BLR-2, key regulatory elements ofphotoconidiation and mycelial growth in Trichoderma atroviride. Microbiology 150: 3561–3569.
Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan, 2017. Statistik Perkebunan Indonesia 2016 – 2018.
Domsch KH, Gams W, 1972. Compendium of Soil Fungi, Volume I. Academic Press, London.
Fee CG, 2011. Management of Ganoderma Diseases in Oil Palm Plantations. The Planter, 87 (1022): 325-339.
Gibbs PA, Seviour RJ, Schmid F, 2000. Growth of Filamentous Fungi in Submerged Culture: Problems and Possible Solutions, Critical Reviews. Biotechnology, 20(1): 17-48.
Gowthaman MK, Krishna C, Young MM, 2001. Fungal solid-state fermentation- an overview. Applied Mycology and Biotechnology 1. Elsevier, Amsterdam. DOI: 10.1016/S1874-5334(01)80014-9.
Gross IS, Robbins IE, 2001. Acidophilic and Acid-tolerant fungi and Yeasts. Hydrobiologia 433: 91–109.
Huan LK, Wahidin U, 2010. Management of Ganoderma in peat soil in Indonesia. In: Proceeding of The Second International Seminar Oil Palm Diseases: Advances in Ganoderma Research and Management, Yogyakarta, 31 Mei 2001.
Hujslova M, Kubatova A, Kostovcik M, Blanchette RA, de Beer ZW, Chudíckova M, Kolarik M, 2014. Three new genera of fungi from extremely acidic soils. Mycol Progress 13: 819–831
Idris AS, Mior MHAZ, Wahid O, Khusairi A, 2010. Geostaticts for Monitoring Ganoderma Outbreak In Oil Palm Plantations. MPOB Information Series 74: 553.
Jackson AM, Whipps JM, Lynch JM, 1991. Effects of temperature, pH and water potential on growth of four fungi with disease biocontrol potential. WORLD J MICROB BIOT 7: 494-501.
Kredics L, Antal Z, Manczinger L, Szekeres A, Kevei F, Nagy E, 2003. Influence of Environmental Parameters on Trichoderma Strains with Biocontrol Potential. Food Technol. Biotechnol. 41(1): 37–42.
Kredics L, Manczinger L, Antal Z, Penzes Z, Szekeres A, Kevei F, Nagy E, 2004. In vitro water activity and pH dependence of mycelial growth and extracellular enzyme activities of Trichoderma strains with biocontrol potential. J APPL MICROBIOL 96: 491–498
Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 2014. Malaysian oil palm statistics. Summary of The Malaysian Oil Palm Industry 2012.
McIlvaine TC, 1921. A buffer solution for colorimetric comparison. J BIOL CHEM 49: 183–186.
Miettinen J, Shi C, Liewolerant SC, 2016. Land cover distribution in the peatlands of Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo in 2015 with changes since 1990. Global Ecology and Conservation 6: 67–78
Mutert E, Fairhurst TH, von Uexküll HR, 1999. Agronomic Management of Oil Palms on Deep Peat. BCI 13(1): 22 – 27.
Naher L, Yusuf UK, Ismail A, Hossain K, 2014. Trichoderma spp.: A Biocontrol Agent for Sustainable Management Of Plant Diseases. Pak. J. Bot. 46(4): 1489 – 1493.
Najiyati S, Muslihat L, Suryadiputra INN, 2005. Panduan pengelolaan lahan gambut untuk pertanian berkelanjutan. Wetlands International – Indonesia Programme, Bogor. [Indonesian]
Notohadiprawiro RMT, 1985. Selidik cepat ciri tanah di lapangan. Ghalia Indonesia, Jakarta. [Indonesian)
Onilude AA, Seyi-Amole DO,.2018. Mycelia Growth and Spore Yield of Trichoderma harzianumin Batch and Fed-Batch Cultures: Influence of pH and Temperature. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci.7(04): 627-635. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.704.070
Paul GC, Thomas CR, 1998. Characterisation of Mycelial Morphology Using Image Analysis. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 60: 1-59.
Pilotti CA, 2005. Stem rots of oil palm caused by Ganoderma boninense: Pathogen biology and epidemiology. Mycopathologia 159: 129–137.
Rakib RM, Bong CJ, Khairulmazmi A, Idris AS, Jalloh MB, Ahmed OH, 2016. Association of Copper and Zinc Levels in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) to the Spatial Distribution of Ganoderma Species in the Plantations on Peat. J Phytopathol 165: 276-282.
Roy MK, Hembram S, Debnath A, 2015. Effect Of Different Media And Ph On Growth and Sporulation of Different Native Trichoderma spp. The Bioscan 10(4): 1833-1837
Said SD, 2007. Spore Production by Biocontrol Agent Trichoderma harzianum in Submerged Fermentation: Effect of Agitation and Aeration. Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia dan Lingkungan 6(2): 71-76
Singh A, Shahid M, Srivastava M, Pandey S, Sharma A, Kumar V, 2014. Optimal Physical Parameters for Growth of Trichoderma Species at Varying pH, Temperature and Agitation. Virol Mycol 3: 127.
Soepena H, Poerba RY, Pawirosukarto S, 2000. A Control strategy for basal stem rot (Ganoderma) on oil palm. In: Flood J, Bridge PD, Holderness M, (Eds). Ganoderma diseases of perennial crops. CABI Publishing, New York.
Supriyanto, Purwanto, Poromarto SH, Supyani, 2020. The relationship of some characteristics of peat with oil palm basal stem rot (BSR) caused by Ganoderma in peatlands. In: Proceeding The 4th International Conference on Climate Change: “Climate Change: The Risk to Sustainable and Environmental Issue”. Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 18–19 November 2019.
Steyaert JM, Weld RJ, Stewart A, 2010. Ambient pH intrinsically influences Trichoderma conidiation and colony morphology. FUNGAL BIOL-UK114: 198–208
Susanto A, 2009. Basal stem rot in Indonesia: biology, economic importance, epidemiology, detection, and control. In: Proceeding of The International Workshop on Awareness, Detection, and Control of Oil Palm Devastating Diseases. KLCC, Kuala Lumpur, 6 November 2009.
Thanh VN, Thuy NT, Huong HTT, Hien DD, Hang DTM, Anh DTK, Hüttner S, Larsbrink J, Olsson L, 2019. Surveying of acid-tolerant thermophilic lignocellulolytic fungi in Vietnam reveals surprisingly high genetic diversity. Scientific Reports 9:3674. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40213-5
Wahyunto A, Dariah, Pitono D, Sarwani M, 2013. Prospek Pemanfaatan Lahan Gambut Untuk Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Di Indonesia. Perspektif 12 (1): 11-22. [Indonesian]
Wibowo A, 1999. The effect of environmental factors on conidial germination, sporulation and growth of Trichoderma harzianum in vitro. JPTI 5(2): 108-113.
Widyastuti SM, Susanto A, Djoyobisono H, 2010. Beneficial soil microbes to suppress G. boninense in oil palm plantations: conceps and applications. In: Proceeding of the second international seminar oil palm diseases, advances in Ganoderma research and management. Yogyakarta, 2010.
Zehra A, Dubey MK, Meena M, Upadhyay RS, 2017. Effect of different environmental conditions on growth and sporulation of some Trichoderma species. J ENVIRON BIOL 38: 197-203
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