Spontaneous plant recolonization on reclaimed post-coal mining sites in East Kalimantan, Indonesia: Native versus alien and succession progress

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

LIA HAPSARI
TRIMANTO
SUGENG BUDIHARTA

Abstract

Abstract. Hapsari L, Trimanto, Budiharta S. 2020. Spontaneous plant recolonization on reclaimed post-coal mining sites in East Kalimantan, Indonesia: Native versus alien and succession progress. Biodiversitas 21: 2003-2017. Comparative vegetation analyses subjected to recolonization of spontaneous plants were carried out in two post-coal mining reclamation sites, with different ages of reclamation, specifically 9 years old and 17 years old, in Bontang, East Kalimantan. This study aims to determine the spontaneous plant diversity and composition, identify the spontaneous alien plant species invasion (IAS), analyze the underlying micro-climates and soil factors and their association to the spontaneous plant recolonization, also to evaluate the succession progress. Results showed that both reclamation sites have undergone some vegetation and environmental improvements. The plant succession stage of both sites was identified at the same stage, as establishment phase of early-succession stage in transition to mid-succession stage. The spontaneous plants were comprised of two layers, i.e. (i) understories include grasses, ferns, lianas, herbs, shrubs and tree seedlings; and (ii) saplings include some of trees and small trees. Plant diversity indices on both sites were in moderate category. At understory layer, the 9-y.o. site was mostly dominated by grass Polytrias indica, whereas the 17-y.o. site was dominated by shrub Asystasia gangetica. At sapling layer, the 9-y.o. site was mostly dominated by Glochidion obscurum, whereas the 17-y.o. site was dominated by Macaranga tanarius. Dominant pioneer tree and shrub species in two reclamation sites mostly from general species component of secondary tropical forests from the families Euphorbiaceae, Phyllantaceae, Melastomaceae, Leguminosae, and Lamiaceae. It was recorded seven IAS in the 9-y.o. site, which six out of seven species were dominant. Meanwhile, in the 17-y.o. site was recorded eight IAS but only four species were dominant. Two dominant noxious weed species were also identified. Each IAS and noxious weed species has invasiveness traits that make them well-grown, successfully recolonized and invaded the reclamation site. Environmental factors include air temperature, air moisture, and light intensity; and soil conditions include pH, C/N ratio and physicochemical properties affected the variation of spontaneous plant establishment on each reclamation site. These comparative study findings may become inputs for coal mining operations management to evaluate and improve their reclamation program; such as by soil reconditions, controlling the populations of IAS, and planting more intensively of native tree species.

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

References
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG II). 2003. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Bot J Linn Soc 141: 399-436. DOI: 10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x.
Asmelash F, Bekele T, Birhane E. 2016. The potential role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the restoration of degraded lands. Front Microbiol 7:1095. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01095.
Asner GP, Hughes RF, Vitousek PM, Knapp DE, Kennedy-Bowdoin T, Boardman J, Martin RE, Eastwood M, Green RO. 2008. Invasive plants transform the three-dimensional structure of rain forests. PNAS 105(11): 4519-4523. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0710811105.
Banerjee SK, Mishra TK, Singh AK, Jain A. 2004. Impact of plantation on ecosystem development in disturbed coal mine overburden spoils. J Trop Forest Sci 16(3): 294-307.
Bergeron A, Pellerin S. 2014. Pteridophytes as indicators of urban forest integrity. Ecological Indicators 38: 40-49. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.10.015.
Binelli EK, Gholz HL, Duryea ML. 2000. Chapter 4: Plant succession and disturbances in the urban forest ecosystem. In: Duryea ML, Binelli EK, Korhnak LV (eds.) Restoring the Urban Forest Ecosystem. School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida.
Boyce JS. 2002. Invasive species—An emerging issue for mining and reclamation. Proc America Society of Mining and Reclamation, pp 702-707.
Bradshaw AD. 1990. The reclamation of derelict land and the ecology of ecosystems. In: Jordan WR, Gilpin ME, Aber JD (eds) Restoration ecology: A synthetic approach to ecological research. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. The United Kingdom. Pp. 53–74.
Budiharta S, Meijaard E. 2014. State of Kalimantan’s biodiversity. In: Resosudarmo BP, Imansyah MH, Napitupulu L (eds) Development, Environment and the People of Kalimantan. Indonesian Regional Science Association (IRSA), Jakarta.
Budiharta S, Trimanto, Hapsari L. 2020. Floristic composition and aboveground biomass on different landscapes of coal mining areas in East Kalimantan. In preparation.
Camino JPA. 2014. Comparative allelopathy of Macaranga tanarius and Macaranga grandifolia against the agricultural weeds Amaranthus spinosus, Corchorus olitorius, and Euphorbia heterophylla. [Thesis]. Natural Science and Mathematics Cluster, Ateneo de Davao University, Phillippines.
Center for Soil and Agro-Climate Research. 1983. Assessment criteria for chemical properties of soil. Center for Soil Research and Agro-climate. Bogor. Indonesia.
Cesare P, Maxwell P. 2003. Mine closure legislation in Indonesia: The role of mineral industry involvement. UN Sust Dev J 27(1): 42-52.
Chia EJJ, Ooi1 ZY, Lua HK, Loo AHB, Ang WF, Ong KH, Wong KM. 2017. Glochidion obscurum Bl. (Phyllanthaceae), a new record for Singapore. Nature in Sing 10: 49-53.
Clewley GD, ?Eschen R, Shaw RH, Wright DJ. 2012. The effectiveness of classical biological control of invasive plants. J Appl Ecol 49: 1287–1295. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02209.x.
Conesa HM, García G, Faz Á, Arnaldos R. 2007. Dynamics of metal tolerant plant communities’ development in mine tailings from the Cartagena-La Unión Mining District (SE Spain) and their interest for further revegetation purposes. Chemosphere 68: 1180-1185. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.01.072.
Cooperband L. 2002. Building soil organic matter with organic amendments. A resource for urban and rural garderners, small farmers, turfgrass managers and large-scale producers. Center for Integrated Agricultural Systems, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
D’Antonio C, Meyerson LA. 2002. Exotic plant species as problems and solutions in ecological restoration: A synthesis. Restor Ecol 10(4): 703-713.
Dash S, Gupta N. 2011. Microbial bioinoculants and their role in plant growth and development. Int J Biotech Mol Biol Res 2(13): 232-251. DOI: 10.5897/IJBMBRX11.005.
Dashora K. 2011. Nitrogen yielding plants: The pioneers of agriculture with a multipurpose. American-Eurasian J Agron 4(2): 34-37.
Denslow JS. 1980. Patterns of plant species diversity during succession under different disturbance regimes. Oecologia 46(1): 18-21. DOI: 10.1007/BF00346960.
Department of Mineral and Energy East Kalimantan. 2013. Mining Statistic in East Kalimantan 2012. Department of Mineral and Energy East Kalimantan Province, Samarinda.
Dias LE, Franco AA, Campello EFC, de Faria SM. 1996. The use of Leguminous trees in reclamation of tropical mined soils. Proc America Soc of Mining and Reclamation pp. 601-612.
Early R, Bradley BA, Dukes JS, Lawler JJ, Olden JD, Blumenthal DM, Gonzalez P, Grosholz E, Iban˜ez I, Miller LP, Sorte CJB, Tatem AJ. 2016. Global threats from invasive alien species in the twenty-first century and national response capacities. Nature Com 7:12485. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12485.
Faravani M, Baki HB, Khalijah A. 2008. Assessment of allelopathic potential of Melastoma malabathricum L. on radish Raphanus sativus L. and barnyard grass (Echinochloacrus-galli). Not Bot Hort Agrobot Cluj 36(2): 54-60. DOI: 10.15835/nbha36269.
Fiqa AP, Fauziah, Lestari DA, Budiharta S. 2019. The importance of in-situ conservation area in mining concession in preserving diversity, threatened and potential floras in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20(1): 198-210. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200123.
Foster NW, Bhatti JS. 2006. Forest ecosystems: nutrient cycling. Encyclopedia of Soil Science. Taylor & Francis, New York, New York, USA. Pp 718-721.
Franke ME. 2016. Understanding invasive species impacts on reclaimed surface-mined lands. [Thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia.
Garc?a A, Chimenos JM, Fernandez AI, Miralles L, Segarra M, Espiell F. 2004. Low-grade MgO used to stabilize heavy metals in highly contaminated soils. Chemosphere 56: 481–491. DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.04.005.
Gehring C, Muniz FH, de Souza LAG. 2008. Leguminosae along 2-25 years of secondary forest succession after slash-and-burn agriculture and in mature rain forest of Central Amazonia. J Torrey Bot Soc 135(3): 388-400.
GISD (Global Invasive Species Database). 2019. Species profile. http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/. Accessed on 9 January 2019.
Hagan DL, Jose S, Lin C-H. 2013. Allelopathic exudates of cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica): Implications for the performance of native pine savanna plant species in the Southeastern US. J Chem Ecol 39:312–322. DOI: 10.1007/s10886-013-0241-z.
Hakim L, Leksono AS, Purwaningtyas D, Nakagoshi N. 2005. Invasive plant species and the competitiveness of wildlife tourist destination: A case of Sadengan feeding area at Alas Purwo National Park, Indonesia. J Intl Dev Coop 12(1):35-45.
Hammer Ø, Harper DAT, Ryan PD. 2001. PAST: Paleontological statistics software for education and data analysis. Palaeontol Elec 4(1): 1-9.
Hapsari L, Basith A, Novitasiah HR. 2014. Inventory of invasive plant species along the corridor of Kawah Ijen Nature Tourism Park, Banyuwangi, East Java. J Ind Tour Dev Std 2(1):1-9.
Hapsari L, Abywijaya IK, Nurfadilah S, Rindyastuti R. 2020. Diversity and ecology of understory plant in Sempu Island, East Java – Indonesia, as a disturbance indicator. Biotropia. In press.
Hazarika P, Talukdar NC, Singh YP. 2006. Natural colonization of plant species on coal mine spoils at Tikak Colliery, Assam. Trop Ecol 47(1): 37-46.
Hossain MK, Anwar S, Nandi R. 2016. Allelopathic effects of Mikania cordata on forest and agricultural crops in Bangladesh. J For Res 27(1):155-159. DOI: 10.1007/s11676-007-0060-6.
Hu G, Zhang Z. 2013. Allelopathic effects of Chromolaena odorata on native and non-native invasive herbs. J Food Agr Env 11(1): 878-882.
Huims TM, Hsiung KY, Ming CY, Hung CC. 2003. Allelopathic potential of Macaranga tanarius (L.) Muell.-Arg. J Chem Ecol 29(5):1269-1286. DOI: 10.1023/A:1023846010108.
Irwanto RRP.1998. Glochidion obscurum (Roxb. Ex Willd) Blume. In: Sosef MSM, Hong LT, Prawirohatmodjo S (eds). PROSEA 5 (3) Timber Trees: Lesser-Known Timbers. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden.
ISC (Invasive Species Compendium). 2019. ISC datasheet. https://www.cabi.org/ISC/datasheet/7641. Accessed on 9 January 2019.
Jansen PCM. 1999. Piper aduncum L. In: De Guzman CC, Siemonsma JS (eds) Plant Resources of South-East Asia. No 13. Spices. Prosea Bogor, Indonesia. Pp 260-261.
Kabrna M, Hendrychová M, Prach K. 2013. Establishment of target and invasive plant species on a reclaimed coal mining dump in relation to their occurrence in the surroundings. Int J Mining Reclam Env. 242-249. DOI: 10.1080/17480930.2013.820390.
Karyati, Ipor IB, Jusoh I, Wasli ME. 2018. Tree stand floristic dynamics in secondary forests of different ages in Sarawak, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 1993): 767-773. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190302.
Komara LL, Choesin DN, Syamsudin TS. 2016. Plant diversity after sixty years post coal mining in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 17(2): 531-538. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d170220.
Larney FJ, Angers DA. 2012. The role of organic amendments in soil reclamation: A review. Can J Soil Sci 92: 19-38. DOI: 10.4141/CJSS2010-064.
Lemke D, Schweitzer CJ, Tazisong IA, Wang Y, Brown JA. 2012. Invasion of a mined landscape: what habitat characteristics are influencing the occurrence of invasive plants? Int J Mining Reclam Env 1-19. DOI: 10.1080/17480930.2012.699215
Lestari DA, Fiqa AP, Fauziah, Budiharta S. 2019. Growth evaluation of native tree species planted on post coal mining reclamation site in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20(1): 134-143. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200116
Li W, Luo J, Tian X, Chow WS, Sun Z, Zhang T, Peng S, Peng C. A new strategy for controlling invasive weeds: selecting valuable native plants to defeat them. Scientific Reports 5:11004, DOI: 10.1038/srep11004.
Lim SC. 1998. Macaranga Thouars. In: Sosef MSM, Hong LT, and Prawirohatmodjo S (eds) Plant Resources of South-East Asia No 5(3). Timber Trees: Lesser-Known Timbers. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden.
Lister D. 2010. An evaluation of factors influencing spontaneous vegetation succession in northern latitude disturbances: Assessment of natural recolonization of disturbances in Yukon. Mining and Petroleum Environment Research Group, MPERG 2010-6, 11 p.
Lowe S, Browne M, Boudjelas S, De Poorter M. 2000. 100 of the world’s worst invasive alien species a selection from the global invasive species database. Published by The Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) a specialist group of the Species Survival Commission (SSC) of the World Conservation Union (IUCN), 12pp.
Ludwig JA, Reynolds JF. 1988. Statistical Ecology. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Makineci E, Gungoor BS, Kumbasli M. 2011. Natural plant revegetation on reclaimed coal mine landscapes in Agacli-Istanbul. African J Biotech 10(16): 3248-3259. DOI: 10.5897/AJB10.2499.
Mandal G, Joshi SP. 2014. Invasion establishment and habitat suitability of Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robinson overtime and space in the Western Himalayan Forest India. J As Pac Biodiv 7:391-400. DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2014.09.002.
Marcante S, Winkler E, Erschbamer B. 2009. Population dynamics along a primary succession gradient: do alpine species fit into demographic succession theory?. Ann Bot 103(7): 1129-1143. DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcp047.
Martínez-Ruiz C, Fernández-Santos B. 2005. Natural revegetation on topsolied mining-spoils according to the exposure. Acta Oecol 28: 231-238. DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2005.05.001
McNeely J. 2001. Invasive species: a costly catastrophe for native biodiversity. Land Use Water Resources Research 1(2): 1–10.
Mehrotra VS. 1998. Arbuscular mycorrhizal associations of plants colonizing coal mine spoil in India. J Agr Sci Cambridge 130: 125-133.
Messing RH, Wright MG. 2006. Biological control of invasive species: solution or pollution? Front Ecol Environ 4(3): 132-240. DOI: 10.1890/1540-9295.
Mossa J, James L. 2013. Impacts of mining on geomorphic systems. In: John FS (ed.) Treatise on Geomorphology, Volume 13, pp. 74-95. Academic Press, San Diego, USA.
Mukarromah L, Imron MA. 2020. Invasive plant species in the disturbed forest of Batukahu Nature Reserve, Bali, Indonesia. Biotropia. In press.
Mukhtar AS, Heriyanto NM. 2012. Plant succession at ex coal mine area in East Kalimantan. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam 9(4): 341-350. [Indonesian]
Negim O. 2009. New technique for soil reclamation and conservation: In situ stabilization of trace elements in contaminated soils. [Thesis] Earth Sciences. Université Sciences et Technologies – Bordeaux, Spain.
Patek-Mohd N-N, Abdu A, Jusop S, Abdul-Hamid H, Karim Md R, Nazrin M, Akbar M-H, Jamaluddin AS. 2018. Potentiality of Melastoma malabathricum as phytoremediators of soil contaminated with sewage sludge. Sci Agric 75(1): 27-35. DOI: 10.1590/1678-992X-2016-0002.
Polster DF. 2003. The role of invasive plant species management in mined land reclamation. Paper presented at the British Columbia Technical and Research Committee on Reclamation, British Columbia Mine Reclamation Symposium. Kamloops, B.C. September 15-18, 2003.
Pozo-Antonio S, Puente-Luna I, Lagüela-López S, Veiga-Ríos M. 2014. Techniques to correct and prevent acid mine drainage: A review. DYNA 81(184): 73-80.
Richardson DM, Rejmanek M. 2011. Trees and shrub as invasive alien species – A global review. Divers Distrib 17: 788-809. DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00782.x.
Rindyastuti R, Abywijaya IK, Rahadiantoro A, Irawanto R, Nurfadilah S, Siahaan FA, Danarto SA, Hapsari L, Lestari DA, Damaiyani J, Ariyanti EE. 2018. Plant diversity of Sempu Island and its ecosystems. LIPI Press, Jakarta. [Indonesian]
Robiansyah I, Purnomo DW. 2013. Effects of road on understory plant diversity and its habitat in corridor of Halimun Salak National Park, West Java. JBI 9(2):183-197. [Indonesian]
Saikh H, Varadachari C, Ghosh K. 1998. Effects of deforestation and cultivation on soil CEC and contents of exchangeable bases: A case study in Simlipal National Park, India. Plant and Soil 204(2): 175-181. DOI: 10.1023/A:1004323426199.
SEAMEO BIOTROP (Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology). 2019. Invasive alien species collection. http://kmtb.biotrop.org/collections/spias/. Accessed on 9 January 2019.
Sein CC, Mitlöhner R. 2011 Acacia mangium Willd: ecology and silviculture in Vietnam. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia.
Sher Z, Hussain F, Badshah L. 2014. Allelopathic potentials of Mallotus phillippinensis Muell. Euphorbiaceae. Pak J Bot 46(6): 2057-2061.
Silva VL, Mehltreter K, Schmitt JL. 2018. Ferns as potential ecological indicators of edge effects in two types of Mexican forests. Ecological Indicators 93: 669-676. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.05.029.
Singh AN, Singh JS. 2006. Experiments on ecological restoration of coal mine spoil using native trees in a dry tropical environment, India: a synthesis. New Forest 31: 25-39. DOI: 10.1007/s11056-004-6795-4.
Slik JWF, Keßler PJA, vanWelzen PC. 2003. Macaranga and Mallotus species (Euphorbiaceae) as indicators for disturbance in the mixed lowland dipterocarp forest of East Kalimantan (Indonesia). Ecological Indicators 2: 311-324.
Soendjoto MA, Dharmono, Mahrudin, Riefani MK, Triwibowo D. Plant richness after revegetation on the reclaimed coal mne land of PT. Adaro Indonesia, South Kalimantan. JMHT XX(3): 142-150.
Su Y, Huang L, Wang Z, Wang T. 2018. Comparative chloroplast genomics between the invasive weed Mikania micrantha and its indigenous congener Mikania cordata: Structure variation, identification of highly divergent regions, divergence time estimation, and phylogenetic analysis. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 126:181-195. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.04.015.
Tischew S, Baasch A, Grunert H, Kirmer A. 2013. How to develop native plant communities in heavily altered ecosystems: examples fromlarge-scale surface mining in Germany. Appl Veg Sci 1- 14. DOI: 10.1111/avsc.12078.
Tripathi N, Singh RS, Chaulya SK. 2012. Dump stability and soil fertility of a coal mine spoil in Indian dry tropical environment: A long-term study. Env Manag 50: 695-706. DOI: 10.1007/s00267-012-9908-4.
Unger PW, Kaspar TC. 1994. Soil compaction and root growth: A review. Agron J 86: 759-766.
USDA-NRCS (United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service). 2019. Federal noxious weeds list. https://plants.usda.gov/java/noxious. Accessed on 4 April 2019.
Valladares F, Laanisto L, Niinemets Ü, Zavala MA. 2016. Shedding light on shade: ecological perspectives of understorey plant life. Plant Ecol Divers 9(3):237-251. DOI: 10.1080/17550874.2016.1210262.
Watanabe T, Osaki M. 2001. Influence of aluminum and phosphorus on growth and xylem sap composition in Melastoma malabathricum L. Plant and Soil 237: 63-70.
Wright SJ, Yavitt JB, Wurzburger N, Turner BL, Tanner EVJ, Sayer EJ, Santiago LS, Kaspari M, Hedin LO, Harms KE, Garcia MN, Corre MD. 2011. Potassium, phosphorus, or nitrogen limit root allocation, tree growth, or litter production in a lowland tropical forest. Ecology 92(8): 1616–1625. DOI: 10.1890/10-1558.1.
Yusuf M, Arisoesilaningsih E. 2017. Exotic plant species attack revegetation plants in post-coal mining areas. AIP Conf Proc of 8th International Conference on Global Resource Conservation. 1908, 040002-1–040002-5. DOI: 10.1063/1.
Zornoza R, Faz Á, Carmona DM, BüYükkiliç A, Kabas S, Martínez-Martínez S, Acosta J. 2010. Long-term effects of mine soil reclamation using different amendments on microbial and biochemical properties in Southeast Spain. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World 1 – 6 August 2010, Brisbane, Australia.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 3 > >>