Structural variability of Aleppo pine stands in two forests in northeastern Algeria
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Abstract. Rached-Kanouni M, Hani I, Bousba R, Beldjazia A, Khammar H. 2020. Structural variability of Aleppo pine stands in two forests in northeastern Algeria. Biodiversitas 21: 2848-2853. The layout of the stand can be described as the width of the trees, their reciprocal locations, diametric distinction and height. The goal of this study is to recognize changes in the Pinus halepensis spatial and demographic systems in two Beni Oudjana and Chettaba Forests, located in northeast Algeria. An inventory of trees in these forest formations with P. halepensis dominance was carried out based on dendrometric parameters such as total height, tree diameter at dbh ? 5 cm, basal area, total volume, etc., as well as the number of trees in the forest. Tree diameter and height measurements were made on 12 rectangular plots (20 m × 20 m), located in both forests. The results obtained show that the mean stand density, mean diameter, basal area and total volume are higher in Chettaba Forest, the values attributed to these parameters are respectively (422 trees/ha, 27.07 cm, 26, 86 m2, 251.63 m3); while the total height and regeneration rate show significantly higher values in Beni Oudjana Forest (18.97 m, 607 individuals/ha). The structure in diameter and height of the species is bell-shaped to asymmetrically positive with a predominance of small diameter individuals in the Chettaba forest. On the other hand, in the Beni Oudjana Forest, the structure is ‘L’ shaped, showing a predominance of very small diameter individuals. These results indicate that the low regeneration rate of P. halepensis in the Chettaba Forest is due to anthropogenic pressures that favor the degradation of this forest.
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References
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Barbeito I, Collet C, Ningre F. 2014. Crown responses to neighbor density and species identity in a young mixed deciduous stand. Trees 28: 1751-1765.
Belote RT, Prisley S, Jones RH, Fitzpatrick M, De Beurs K. 2011. Forest productivity and tree diversity relationships depend on ecological context within mid-Atlantic and Appalachian forests (USA). For Ecol Manag 261(7): 1315-1324.
Bielak K, Dudzin´ska M, Pretzsch H. 2015. Volume growth of mixed species versus pure stands: results from selected long-term experimental plots in Central Europe. Sylwan 159(1): 22-35.
Beeravolu CR, Couteron P, Pélissier R, Munoz F. 2009. Studying ecological communities from a neutral standpoint: a review of models' structure and parameter estimation. Ecological Modelling 220(20): 2603-2610.
Bentouati A, Bariteau M. 2005. Une sylviculture pour le pin d’Alep des Aurès (Algérie). Forêt méditerranéenne XXVI (4): 315-321.
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Bonou W, Glèlè Kakaï R, Assogbadjo EA, Fonton NH, Sinsin B. 2009. Habitat Characterization of Afzelia africana Sm. In the Lama forest reserve (Benin). Forest ecology and management 258: 1084-1092.
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Gadow KV, Zhang CY, Wehenkel C, Pommerening A, Corral-Rivas J, Korol M, Myklush S, Hui GY, Kiviste A, Zhao XH. 2012. Forest structure and diversity. In: Pukkala T, Gadow Kv (eds) Continuous cover forestry. Book series managing forest ecosystems 23. Springer, Berlin 29-84.
Garet J, Raulier F, Pothier D, Cumming SG. 2012. Forest age class structures as indicators of sustainability in boreal forest: are we measuring them correctly? Ecol Indic 23: 202-210.
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Habou R, Abdoulaye D, Babou A, Kossi N, Kossi A, Adzo D, Raoufou R, Kouami K, Ali M, Mahamane S. 2015. Structure des peuplements naturels de Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. dans le domaine soudanien, au Niger et au Burkina Faso. Bois et forêts des tropiques 325 (3): 71-83.
Halfaoui F, Touahria S, Bouchenak F, Chaouia C. 2018. Conséquences de la dégradation des formations végétales de la région de Tamezguida, wilaya de Médéa. Revue Agrobiologi 8(2): 1165-1179.
Hamidou A, Habou R, Abdoulaye D, Boubé M, Ali M, Ronald B. 2017. Structure démographique et répartition spatiale des populations de Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst du secteur sahélien du Niger. Bois et forêts des tropiques, 333 (3): 55-65.
Hartmann H, Moura CF, Anderegg WRL, Ruehr NK, Salmon Y, Allen CD, Arndt SK, Breshears DD, Davi H,Galbraith D, Ruthrof KX, Wunder J, Adams HD, Bloemen J, Cailleret M, Cobb R, Gessler A, GramsTEE, Jansen S, Kautz M, Lloret F, O'Brien M. 2018. Research frontiers for improving our understanding of drought-induced tree and forest mortality. New Phytol 218:15-28.
Johnson NL Kotz S. 1970. Distributions in Statistics: Continuous Univariate Distributions. New York, USA, John Wiley & Sons 756p.
Keenan RJ, Reams GA, Achard F, De Freitas JV, Grainger A, Lindquist E. 2015. Dynamics of global forest area: results from the FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015. Forest Ecology and Management 352: 9-20.
Kherchouche D, Bentouati A, Kaabeche M. 2011. Croissance et écologie du pin d’Alep (Pinus halepensis Mill.) dans le massif des Beni-Imloul (Aurès, Algérie). Sécheresse 22: 43-48.
Kolström M, Lindner M, Vile´n T, Maroschek M, Seidl R, Lexer MJ, Netherer S, Kremer A, Delzon S, Barbati A, Marchetti M, Corona P. 2011. Reviewing the science and implementation of climate change adaptation measures in European forestry. Forests 2: 961-982.
Lemouissi S, Rached-Kanouni M, Hadef A, Amine Khoja M, Alatou D. 2014. Adaptation of Holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) to seasonal climate variations. International Journal of Management Sciences and Business research 3(5): 30-35.
Manso R, Pardos M, Keyes C, Calama R. 2012. Modelling the spatio-temporal pattern of primary dispersal in stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) stands in the Northern Plateau (Spain). Ecol. Model. 226: 11-21.
Megrerouche R, Rached-Kanouni M, Amine Khodja AEM, Alatou D. 2015. Susceptibility to Fire (Case the Forest of Chettabah, Algeria). International Journal of Management Sciences and Business research 4(4): 8-13.
Motz K, Sterba H, Pommerening A. 2010. Sampling measures of tree diversity. Forest Ecology and Management 260: 1985-1996.
Natta AK, Yédomonhan H, Zoumarou-Wallis N, Houndéhin J, Ewédjè EBK, Glèlè Kakaï RL. 2011a. Typologie et structure des populations naturelles de Pentadesma butyracea dans la zone soudano-guinéenne du Bénin. Annales des Sci Agronomiques 15 : 217-243. [France]
Nishimura S, Yoneda T, Fujii S, Mukhtar E, Kanzaki M. 2008. Spatial patterns and habitat associations of Fagaceae in a hill dipterocarp forest in Ulu Gadut, West Sumatra. Journal of Tropical Ecology 24: 535-550.
Pastorella F, Paletto A. 2013. Stand structure indices as tools to support forest management: an application in Trentino forests (Italy). Journal of Forest Science 59(4): 159-168.
Pausas JG, Lloret J, Rodrigo A, Vallejo VR. 2008. Are wildfires a disaster in the Mediterranean basin? International Journal of Wildland Fire 17: 713-723.
Pontius J, Hallett R. 2014. Comprehensive Methods for Earlier Detection and Monitoring of Forest Decline. Forest Science 60(6): 1156-1163.
Quezel P, 1986a. Les pins du groupe « halepensis ». Ecologie, végétation, écophysiologie Options Méditerranéennes. Série Etude CIHEAM 86/1 11-24.
Rabiou H, Diouf A, Bationo BA, Segla KN, Adjonou K, Kokutse AD, Radji R, Kokou K, Mahamane A, Saadou M. 2015. Structure des peuplements naturels de Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. dans le domaine soudanien, au Niger et au Burkina Faso. Bois et forêts des tropiques 325 (3): 71-83.
Rached-Kanouni M, Kara K, Khammar H, Ababsa L. 2020. Floristic diversity and demographic structure of the Sidi R'Ghies forest, north-eastern of Algeria. Biodiversitas 21: 875-881.
Rached-Kanouni M, Kara K. 2019. Structure indices of Aleppo pine in chettaba forest (Algeria). Proceeding International Conference on Earth and GeoSciences, 9-12 December, Palais Niederösterreich, Vienna, Austria 395-400.
Seidel D, Leuschner C, Scherber C, Beyer F, Wommelsdorf T, Cashman MJ, Fehrmann L. 2013. The relationship between tree species richness, canopy space exploration and productivity in a temperate broad-leaf mixed forest. For Ecol Manag 310: 366-374.
Seidl R, Schelhaas MJ, Lexer MJ. 2011. Unraveling the drivers of intensifying forest disturbance regimes in Europe. Global Change Biol 17: 2842-2852.
Su D, Yu D, Zhou L, Xie X, Liu Z, Dai L. 2012. Differences in the structure, species composition and diversity of primary and harvested forests on Changbai Mountain, Northeast China. Journal of Forest Science 56: 285-293.
Tan SA, Salim R, Hamzah KA, Mamat MR. 2011. Correlation of forest canopy and forest ecological structures in a logged over forest. The Malaysian Forester 74: 31-36.
Whyte G, Howard K, Hardy GESJ, Burgess TI. 2016. The tree decline recovery seesaw; a conceptual model of the decline and recovery of drought stressed plantation trees. Forest Ecology and Management 370: 102-113.
Alberdi I, Can˜ellas I, Herna´ndez L, Conde´s S. 2013. A new method for the identification of old-growth trees in National Forest Inventories: application to Pinus halepensis Mill stands in Spain. Ann For Sci 70: 277-285.
Adjonou K, Ali N, Kokutse AD, Novigno SK. 2010. Etude de la dynamique des peuplements naturels de Pterocarpus ericaceus Poir. (Fabaceae) surexploités au Togo. Bois et Forêts des Tropiques 306(1): 45-55.
Agresti A. 2010. Analysis of Ordinal Categorical Data. 2nd edition. New York, USA, Wiley 424p.
Barbati A, Salvati R, Ferrari B, Di Santo D, Quatrini A, Portoghesi L, Travaglini D, Iovino F, Nocentini S. 2012. Assessing and promoting old-growthness of forest stands: lessons from research in Italy. Plant Biosyst 146(1): 167-174.
Barbeito I, Collet C, Ningre F. 2014. Crown responses to neighbor density and species identity in a young mixed deciduous stand. Trees 28: 1751-1765.
Belote RT, Prisley S, Jones RH, Fitzpatrick M, De Beurs K. 2011. Forest productivity and tree diversity relationships depend on ecological context within mid-Atlantic and Appalachian forests (USA). For Ecol Manag 261(7): 1315-1324.
Bielak K, Dudzin´ska M, Pretzsch H. 2015. Volume growth of mixed species versus pure stands: results from selected long-term experimental plots in Central Europe. Sylwan 159(1): 22-35.
Beeravolu CR, Couteron P, Pélissier R, Munoz F. 2009. Studying ecological communities from a neutral standpoint: a review of models' structure and parameter estimation. Ecological Modelling 220(20): 2603-2610.
Bentouati A, Bariteau M. 2005. Une sylviculture pour le pin d’Alep des Aurès (Algérie). Forêt méditerranéenne XXVI (4): 315-321.
Biaou HS. 2009. Tree recruitment in West African dry woodlands: The interactive effects of climate, soil, fire, and grazing. [Dissertation]. Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Boehm DA. 2011. Forestry: Research, Ecology and Policies. New York, USA, Nova Science Publishers 196p.
Bonou W, Glèlè Kakaï R, Assogbadjo EA, Fonton NH, Sinsin B. 2009. Habitat Characterization of Afzelia africana Sm. In the Lama forest reserve (Benin). Forest ecology and management 258: 1084-1092.
Comita LS, Condit R, Hubbell SP. 2007. Developmental changes in habitat associations of tropical trees. Journal of Ecology 95: 482-492.
Feeley KJ, Joseph Wright S, Nur Supardi MN, Kassim AR, Davies SJ. 2007. Decelerating growth in tropical forest trees. Ecology Letters 10(6): 46-469.
Gadow KV, Zhang CY, Wehenkel C, Pommerening A, Corral-Rivas J, Korol M, Myklush S, Hui GY, Kiviste A, Zhao XH. 2012. Forest structure and diversity. In: Pukkala T, Gadow Kv (eds) Continuous cover forestry. Book series managing forest ecosystems 23. Springer, Berlin 29-84.
Garet J, Raulier F, Pothier D, Cumming SG. 2012. Forest age class structures as indicators of sustainability in boreal forest: are we measuring them correctly? Ecol Indic 23: 202-210.
Glèlè Kakaï R, Bonou W, Lykke AM. 2016. Approche méthodologique de construction et d’interprétation des structures en diamètre des arbres. Annales des Sciences Agronomiques 20 - spécial Projet Undesert-UE : 95-105.
Habou R, Abdoulaye D, Babou A, Kossi N, Kossi A, Adzo D, Raoufou R, Kouami K, Ali M, Mahamane S. 2015. Structure des peuplements naturels de Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. dans le domaine soudanien, au Niger et au Burkina Faso. Bois et forêts des tropiques 325 (3): 71-83.
Halfaoui F, Touahria S, Bouchenak F, Chaouia C. 2018. Conséquences de la dégradation des formations végétales de la région de Tamezguida, wilaya de Médéa. Revue Agrobiologi 8(2): 1165-1179.
Hamidou A, Habou R, Abdoulaye D, Boubé M, Ali M, Ronald B. 2017. Structure démographique et répartition spatiale des populations de Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst du secteur sahélien du Niger. Bois et forêts des tropiques, 333 (3): 55-65.
Hartmann H, Moura CF, Anderegg WRL, Ruehr NK, Salmon Y, Allen CD, Arndt SK, Breshears DD, Davi H,Galbraith D, Ruthrof KX, Wunder J, Adams HD, Bloemen J, Cailleret M, Cobb R, Gessler A, GramsTEE, Jansen S, Kautz M, Lloret F, O'Brien M. 2018. Research frontiers for improving our understanding of drought-induced tree and forest mortality. New Phytol 218:15-28.
Johnson NL Kotz S. 1970. Distributions in Statistics: Continuous Univariate Distributions. New York, USA, John Wiley & Sons 756p.
Keenan RJ, Reams GA, Achard F, De Freitas JV, Grainger A, Lindquist E. 2015. Dynamics of global forest area: results from the FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015. Forest Ecology and Management 352: 9-20.
Kherchouche D, Bentouati A, Kaabeche M. 2011. Croissance et écologie du pin d’Alep (Pinus halepensis Mill.) dans le massif des Beni-Imloul (Aurès, Algérie). Sécheresse 22: 43-48.
Kolström M, Lindner M, Vile´n T, Maroschek M, Seidl R, Lexer MJ, Netherer S, Kremer A, Delzon S, Barbati A, Marchetti M, Corona P. 2011. Reviewing the science and implementation of climate change adaptation measures in European forestry. Forests 2: 961-982.
Lemouissi S, Rached-Kanouni M, Hadef A, Amine Khoja M, Alatou D. 2014. Adaptation of Holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) to seasonal climate variations. International Journal of Management Sciences and Business research 3(5): 30-35.
Manso R, Pardos M, Keyes C, Calama R. 2012. Modelling the spatio-temporal pattern of primary dispersal in stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) stands in the Northern Plateau (Spain). Ecol. Model. 226: 11-21.
Megrerouche R, Rached-Kanouni M, Amine Khodja AEM, Alatou D. 2015. Susceptibility to Fire (Case the Forest of Chettabah, Algeria). International Journal of Management Sciences and Business research 4(4): 8-13.
Motz K, Sterba H, Pommerening A. 2010. Sampling measures of tree diversity. Forest Ecology and Management 260: 1985-1996.
Natta AK, Yédomonhan H, Zoumarou-Wallis N, Houndéhin J, Ewédjè EBK, Glèlè Kakaï RL. 2011a. Typologie et structure des populations naturelles de Pentadesma butyracea dans la zone soudano-guinéenne du Bénin. Annales des Sci Agronomiques 15 : 217-243. [France]
Nishimura S, Yoneda T, Fujii S, Mukhtar E, Kanzaki M. 2008. Spatial patterns and habitat associations of Fagaceae in a hill dipterocarp forest in Ulu Gadut, West Sumatra. Journal of Tropical Ecology 24: 535-550.
Pastorella F, Paletto A. 2013. Stand structure indices as tools to support forest management: an application in Trentino forests (Italy). Journal of Forest Science 59(4): 159-168.
Pausas JG, Lloret J, Rodrigo A, Vallejo VR. 2008. Are wildfires a disaster in the Mediterranean basin? International Journal of Wildland Fire 17: 713-723.
Pontius J, Hallett R. 2014. Comprehensive Methods for Earlier Detection and Monitoring of Forest Decline. Forest Science 60(6): 1156-1163.
Quezel P, 1986a. Les pins du groupe « halepensis ». Ecologie, végétation, écophysiologie Options Méditerranéennes. Série Etude CIHEAM 86/1 11-24.
Rabiou H, Diouf A, Bationo BA, Segla KN, Adjonou K, Kokutse AD, Radji R, Kokou K, Mahamane A, Saadou M. 2015. Structure des peuplements naturels de Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. dans le domaine soudanien, au Niger et au Burkina Faso. Bois et forêts des tropiques 325 (3): 71-83.
Rached-Kanouni M, Kara K, Khammar H, Ababsa L. 2020. Floristic diversity and demographic structure of the Sidi R'Ghies forest, north-eastern of Algeria. Biodiversitas 21: 875-881.
Rached-Kanouni M, Kara K. 2019. Structure indices of Aleppo pine in chettaba forest (Algeria). Proceeding International Conference on Earth and GeoSciences, 9-12 December, Palais Niederösterreich, Vienna, Austria 395-400.
Seidel D, Leuschner C, Scherber C, Beyer F, Wommelsdorf T, Cashman MJ, Fehrmann L. 2013. The relationship between tree species richness, canopy space exploration and productivity in a temperate broad-leaf mixed forest. For Ecol Manag 310: 366-374.
Seidl R, Schelhaas MJ, Lexer MJ. 2011. Unraveling the drivers of intensifying forest disturbance regimes in Europe. Global Change Biol 17: 2842-2852.
Su D, Yu D, Zhou L, Xie X, Liu Z, Dai L. 2012. Differences in the structure, species composition and diversity of primary and harvested forests on Changbai Mountain, Northeast China. Journal of Forest Science 56: 285-293.
Tan SA, Salim R, Hamzah KA, Mamat MR. 2011. Correlation of forest canopy and forest ecological structures in a logged over forest. The Malaysian Forester 74: 31-36.
Whyte G, Howard K, Hardy GESJ, Burgess TI. 2016. The tree decline recovery seesaw; a conceptual model of the decline and recovery of drought stressed plantation trees. Forest Ecology and Management 370: 102-113.
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